According to Lado(1957:2) in the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis,a student who comes into contact with a foreign language will find some features of it quite easy and others extremely difficult. Those elements that ar...According to Lado(1957:2) in the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis,a student who comes into contact with a foreign language will find some features of it quite easy and others extremely difficult. Those elements that are similar to his native language will be simple for him and those elements that are different will be difficult. Corder (1981:101)added that where the mother tongue is formally similar to the target language,a learner will pass more rapidly along the developmental continuum (or some parts of it)than where it differs. Eric Kellerman(1986) also believed that learners have intuitions about which language features they can transfer from their first language to the target language and which are less likely to be transferable. And Lee(1968)even held that the interference coming from the learner's native language to be the sole cause of difficulty and error in foreign language learning. Given that the Chinese character shi functions the same as an English copula,I would like to apply two theories to illustrate the syntactic features associated with copular usages in this dissertation.展开更多
To compensate for the imperfection of traditional bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, material interpolation scheme and sensitivity filter functions are introduced. A suitable filter can overcome the ...To compensate for the imperfection of traditional bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, material interpolation scheme and sensitivity filter functions are introduced. A suitable filter can overcome the checkerboard and mesh-dependency. And the historical information on accurate elemental sensitivity numbers are used to keep the objective function converging steadily. Apart from rational intervals of the relevant important parameters, the concept of distinguishing between active and non-active elements design is proposed, which can be widely used for improving the function and artistry of structures directly, especially for a one whose accurate size is not given. Furthermore, user-friendly software packages are developed to enhance its accessibility for practicing engineers and architects. And to reduce the time cost for large timeconsuming complex structure optimization, parallel computing is built-in in the MATLAB codes. The program is easy to use for engineers who may not be familiar with either FEA or structure optimization. And developers can make a deep research on the algorithm by changing the MATLAB codes. Several classical examples are given to show that the improved BESO method is superior for its handy and utility computer program software.展开更多
文摘According to Lado(1957:2) in the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis,a student who comes into contact with a foreign language will find some features of it quite easy and others extremely difficult. Those elements that are similar to his native language will be simple for him and those elements that are different will be difficult. Corder (1981:101)added that where the mother tongue is formally similar to the target language,a learner will pass more rapidly along the developmental continuum (or some parts of it)than where it differs. Eric Kellerman(1986) also believed that learners have intuitions about which language features they can transfer from their first language to the target language and which are less likely to be transferable. And Lee(1968)even held that the interference coming from the learner's native language to be the sole cause of difficulty and error in foreign language learning. Given that the Chinese character shi functions the same as an English copula,I would like to apply two theories to illustrate the syntactic features associated with copular usages in this dissertation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51078311)
文摘To compensate for the imperfection of traditional bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, material interpolation scheme and sensitivity filter functions are introduced. A suitable filter can overcome the checkerboard and mesh-dependency. And the historical information on accurate elemental sensitivity numbers are used to keep the objective function converging steadily. Apart from rational intervals of the relevant important parameters, the concept of distinguishing between active and non-active elements design is proposed, which can be widely used for improving the function and artistry of structures directly, especially for a one whose accurate size is not given. Furthermore, user-friendly software packages are developed to enhance its accessibility for practicing engineers and architects. And to reduce the time cost for large timeconsuming complex structure optimization, parallel computing is built-in in the MATLAB codes. The program is easy to use for engineers who may not be familiar with either FEA or structure optimization. And developers can make a deep research on the algorithm by changing the MATLAB codes. Several classical examples are given to show that the improved BESO method is superior for its handy and utility computer program software.
