Solid state transformer(SST)can provide more advanced functionalities compared with conventional transformer,and has great potential in smart grid application.Recently,the SST with medium frequency(MF)isolation link a...Solid state transformer(SST)can provide more advanced functionalities compared with conventional transformer,and has great potential in smart grid application.Recently,the SST with medium frequency(MF)isolation link and magnetic integration feature has been proposed,which can reduce the system volume and thus increase the power density.However,the magnetic integration also introduces strong coupling between the line frequency(LF)and MF variables,which poses a great challenge on modeling and control issues.This paper proposes a modeling and control method for an SST with magnetic integration and mixed-frequency modulation.A mathematical model based on dual d-q references is deduced,and then a cascaded control system is designed according to the model.Parameters of the controller for the variables at one frequency are properly designed to avoid disturbance from the variables at the other frequency.The simulation and experimental results show good decoupling effect and satisfactory dynamics performance of the proposed control system.展开更多
The solid state transformer(SST) can be viewed as an energy router in energy internet. This work presents sliding mode control(SMC) to improve dynamic state and steady state performance of a three-stage(rectifier stag...The solid state transformer(SST) can be viewed as an energy router in energy internet. This work presents sliding mode control(SMC) to improve dynamic state and steady state performance of a three-stage(rectifier stage, isolated stage and inverter stage) SST for energy internet. SMC with three-level hysteresis sliding functions is presented to control the input current of rectifier stage and output voltage of inverter stage to improve the robustness under external disturbance and parametric uncertainties and reduce the switching frequency. A modified feedback linearization technique using isolated stage simplified model is presented to achieve satisfactory regulation of output voltage of the isolated stage. The system is tested for steady state operation, reactive power control, dynamic load change and voltage sag simulations, respectively. The switching model of SST is implemented in Matlab/ Simulink to verify the SST control algorithms.展开更多
The solid state photochemical reaction of nitrobenzaldehyde with indole was investigated. Seven hey products were identified by IR, MS,^(1)H HMR and elemental analysis.
The role of the rocket attitude control system is to execute the required maneuvers for guidance and ensure the stability of the rocket's flight attitude. Attitude control technology has always been one of the key...The role of the rocket attitude control system is to execute the required maneuvers for guidance and ensure the stability of the rocket's flight attitude. Attitude control technology has always been one of the key technologies for ensuring the success of rocket flights and has been a core topic in carrier rocket technology research. The Gravity-1 solid carrier rocket is the first solid rocket bundled rocket developed by China, adopting a configuration with four boosters and a core stage bundled together. During the actual flight process, the four booster engines are ignited first, and then, in the event of insufficient control force from the boosters, the core stage engine is ignited to participate in control. To address thrust asynchrony during the descent of the four boosters, an Extended State Observer(ESO) is employed in the control scheme for this flight segment. This involves real-time estimation and compensation of attitude parameters during flight, identification of thrust asynchrony among the boosters, and simultaneous determination of whether the core stage engine is ignited to participate in control.Through six degrees of freedom simulation analysis and Y1 flight test validation, this method has been proven to be correct and feasible.展开更多
基于模块化多电平变换器的固态变压器(modular multilevel converter based solid state transformer,MMC-SST)是实现交直流混合配电网柔性互联及能量多向流动的关键装备。针对固态变压器输入级MMC子模块电容纹波电压过大,导致装置的体...基于模块化多电平变换器的固态变压器(modular multilevel converter based solid state transformer,MMC-SST)是实现交直流混合配电网柔性互联及能量多向流动的关键装备。针对固态变压器输入级MMC子模块电容纹波电压过大,导致装置的体积和成本增加的问题,提出一种基于比例重复控制的MMC-SST改进纹波电压抑制策略。首先利用基于比例重复控制的电容电压闭环得到调整后的功率移相角。然后,通过双有源桥变换器将子模块电容纹波功率传递到低压直流母线,从而有效抑制MMC子模块的各频次纹波电压,达到减小电容值的目的。最后,仿真结果表明在网侧电压对称或不对称工况下,基于比例重复控制的MMC-SST子模块电容纹波电压抑制策略均具有良好的纹波电压抑制能力。展开更多
为解决船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统直流电流开断困难,以及发生短路时故障电流上升率高且峰值大的问题,提出一种基于耦合电抗器的阻容限流型固态直流断路器拓扑。以晶闸管(silicon controlled rectifier,S...为解决船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统直流电流开断困难,以及发生短路时故障电流上升率高且峰值大的问题,提出一种基于耦合电抗器的阻容限流型固态直流断路器拓扑。以晶闸管(silicon controlled rectifier,SCR)作为主开断器件,通过耦合电抗器来辅助晶闸管开断,并在直流系统发生故障时,通过换流过程将阻容限流元件接入,有效限制故障电流上升率和峰值,减少故障开断所需时间。基于所提拓扑设计了6 kV/4.2 kA的直流断路器模型,在PSCAD/EMTDC中进行仿真,并与现有拓扑进行对比分析。仿真结果表明:所设计断路器可针对直流系统不同的运行状态,按照不同的控制策略顺利完成对直流电流的开断,并且在开断速度、限流能力和金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)耗能方面均具有一定优势。展开更多
固态功率控制器SSPC(solid-state power controller)中功率管的结温监测对SSPC的可靠性有至关重要的作用,热模型法因其无需直接接触测量且方法简单而被广泛使用。然而,功率芯片的老化会导致热路径的退化,器件的结壳热阻抗增加,使实际结...固态功率控制器SSPC(solid-state power controller)中功率管的结温监测对SSPC的可靠性有至关重要的作用,热模型法因其无需直接接触测量且方法简单而被广泛使用。然而,功率芯片的老化会导致热路径的退化,器件的结壳热阻抗增加,使实际结温远远超过热网络模型的估计值,导致对器件健康状态的乐观估计。焊料层疲劳失效被认为是SSPC功率管老化失效的主要原因之一。因此,在SSPC的寿命周期中实时监测器件的老化状态,并对功率管的热模型进行自适应在线修正,通过测量不受焊料层退化影响的热敏参数来计算热阻作为更新依据,将热阻信息关联焊料层老化状态来更新热模型。所提方法可在不影响SSPC正常工作的前提下,实时修正热模型,实验结果验证了方法的有效性。展开更多
将模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)投入到固态变压器(solid state transformer,SST)系统中时通常采用比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制方法,但这种策略存在参数选取繁杂、动态性能较差的...将模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)投入到固态变压器(solid state transformer,SST)系统中时通常采用比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制方法,但这种策略存在参数选取繁杂、动态性能较差的缺点。为了提高系统的动态性能并简化参数选取,提出了MMC-SST反馈线性化滑模控制策略。首先建立了MMC-SST整体仿真模型。然后建立了采用反馈线性化滑模控制的MMC-SST控制模型。最后利用MATLAB/Simulink平台将所提的控制方法与常规PID控制策略作了仿真比较,验证了所提反馈线性化滑模控制策略具备参数选择容易、动态性能优良的优势。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51777085.
文摘Solid state transformer(SST)can provide more advanced functionalities compared with conventional transformer,and has great potential in smart grid application.Recently,the SST with medium frequency(MF)isolation link and magnetic integration feature has been proposed,which can reduce the system volume and thus increase the power density.However,the magnetic integration also introduces strong coupling between the line frequency(LF)and MF variables,which poses a great challenge on modeling and control issues.This paper proposes a modeling and control method for an SST with magnetic integration and mixed-frequency modulation.A mathematical model based on dual d-q references is deduced,and then a cascaded control system is designed according to the model.Parameters of the controller for the variables at one frequency are properly designed to avoid disturbance from the variables at the other frequency.The simulation and experimental results show good decoupling effect and satisfactory dynamics performance of the proposed control system.
基金Projects(61403404,71571187)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The solid state transformer(SST) can be viewed as an energy router in energy internet. This work presents sliding mode control(SMC) to improve dynamic state and steady state performance of a three-stage(rectifier stage, isolated stage and inverter stage) SST for energy internet. SMC with three-level hysteresis sliding functions is presented to control the input current of rectifier stage and output voltage of inverter stage to improve the robustness under external disturbance and parametric uncertainties and reduce the switching frequency. A modified feedback linearization technique using isolated stage simplified model is presented to achieve satisfactory regulation of output voltage of the isolated stage. The system is tested for steady state operation, reactive power control, dynamic load change and voltage sag simulations, respectively. The switching model of SST is implemented in Matlab/ Simulink to verify the SST control algorithms.
文摘The solid state photochemical reaction of nitrobenzaldehyde with indole was investigated. Seven hey products were identified by IR, MS,^(1)H HMR and elemental analysis.
文摘The role of the rocket attitude control system is to execute the required maneuvers for guidance and ensure the stability of the rocket's flight attitude. Attitude control technology has always been one of the key technologies for ensuring the success of rocket flights and has been a core topic in carrier rocket technology research. The Gravity-1 solid carrier rocket is the first solid rocket bundled rocket developed by China, adopting a configuration with four boosters and a core stage bundled together. During the actual flight process, the four booster engines are ignited first, and then, in the event of insufficient control force from the boosters, the core stage engine is ignited to participate in control. To address thrust asynchrony during the descent of the four boosters, an Extended State Observer(ESO) is employed in the control scheme for this flight segment. This involves real-time estimation and compensation of attitude parameters during flight, identification of thrust asynchrony among the boosters, and simultaneous determination of whether the core stage engine is ignited to participate in control.Through six degrees of freedom simulation analysis and Y1 flight test validation, this method has been proven to be correct and feasible.
文摘基于模块化多电平变换器的固态变压器(modular multilevel converter based solid state transformer,MMC-SST)是实现交直流混合配电网柔性互联及能量多向流动的关键装备。针对固态变压器输入级MMC子模块电容纹波电压过大,导致装置的体积和成本增加的问题,提出一种基于比例重复控制的MMC-SST改进纹波电压抑制策略。首先利用基于比例重复控制的电容电压闭环得到调整后的功率移相角。然后,通过双有源桥变换器将子模块电容纹波功率传递到低压直流母线,从而有效抑制MMC子模块的各频次纹波电压,达到减小电容值的目的。最后,仿真结果表明在网侧电压对称或不对称工况下,基于比例重复控制的MMC-SST子模块电容纹波电压抑制策略均具有良好的纹波电压抑制能力。
文摘为解决船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统直流电流开断困难,以及发生短路时故障电流上升率高且峰值大的问题,提出一种基于耦合电抗器的阻容限流型固态直流断路器拓扑。以晶闸管(silicon controlled rectifier,SCR)作为主开断器件,通过耦合电抗器来辅助晶闸管开断,并在直流系统发生故障时,通过换流过程将阻容限流元件接入,有效限制故障电流上升率和峰值,减少故障开断所需时间。基于所提拓扑设计了6 kV/4.2 kA的直流断路器模型,在PSCAD/EMTDC中进行仿真,并与现有拓扑进行对比分析。仿真结果表明:所设计断路器可针对直流系统不同的运行状态,按照不同的控制策略顺利完成对直流电流的开断,并且在开断速度、限流能力和金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)耗能方面均具有一定优势。
文摘固态功率控制器SSPC(solid-state power controller)中功率管的结温监测对SSPC的可靠性有至关重要的作用,热模型法因其无需直接接触测量且方法简单而被广泛使用。然而,功率芯片的老化会导致热路径的退化,器件的结壳热阻抗增加,使实际结温远远超过热网络模型的估计值,导致对器件健康状态的乐观估计。焊料层疲劳失效被认为是SSPC功率管老化失效的主要原因之一。因此,在SSPC的寿命周期中实时监测器件的老化状态,并对功率管的热模型进行自适应在线修正,通过测量不受焊料层退化影响的热敏参数来计算热阻作为更新依据,将热阻信息关联焊料层老化状态来更新热模型。所提方法可在不影响SSPC正常工作的前提下,实时修正热模型,实验结果验证了方法的有效性。
文摘将模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)投入到固态变压器(solid state transformer,SST)系统中时通常采用比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制方法,但这种策略存在参数选取繁杂、动态性能较差的缺点。为了提高系统的动态性能并简化参数选取,提出了MMC-SST反馈线性化滑模控制策略。首先建立了MMC-SST整体仿真模型。然后建立了采用反馈线性化滑模控制的MMC-SST控制模型。最后利用MATLAB/Simulink平台将所提的控制方法与常规PID控制策略作了仿真比较,验证了所提反馈线性化滑模控制策略具备参数选择容易、动态性能优良的优势。
