While moving towards a low-carbon, sustainable electricity system, distribution networks are expected to host a large share of distributed generators, such as photovoltaic units and wind turbines. These inverter-based...While moving towards a low-carbon, sustainable electricity system, distribution networks are expected to host a large share of distributed generators, such as photovoltaic units and wind turbines. These inverter-based resources are intermittent, but also controllable, and are expected to amplify the role of distribution networks together with other distributed energy resources, such as storage systems and controllable loads. The available control methods for these resources are typically categorized based on the available communication network into centralized, distributed, and decentralized or local. Standard local schemes are typically inefficient, whereas centralized approaches show implementation and cost concerns. This paper focuses on optimized decentralized control of distributed generators via supervised and reinforcement learning. We present existing state-of-the-art decentralized control schemes based on supervised learning, propose a new reinforcement learning scheme based on deep deterministic policy gradient, and compare the behavior of both decentralized and centralized methods in terms of computational effort, scalability, privacy awareness, ability to consider constraints, and overall optimality. We evaluate the performance of the examined schemes on a benchmark European low voltage test system. The results show that both supervised learning and reinforcement learning schemes effectively mitigate the operational issues faced by the distribution network.展开更多
针对海上风电安装船升降系统现场控制所带来的人力资源浪费、操作人员工作环境差等问题,文中开发了远程监控系统。在该系统中,4台西门子S7-200系列PLC通过PPI协议构建了一主三从的PPI网络作为下位机,以IPC作为系统的上位机,在上位机中,...针对海上风电安装船升降系统现场控制所带来的人力资源浪费、操作人员工作环境差等问题,文中开发了远程监控系统。在该系统中,4台西门子S7-200系列PLC通过PPI协议构建了一主三从的PPI网络作为下位机,以IPC作为系统的上位机,在上位机中,以Win CC组态软件开发了海洋风电安装船的监控系统。为实现PLC与上位机之间的通讯,采用PC Access搭建了下位机主站的OPC服务器,海洋风电安装船的监控系统通过访问OPC服务器从而获取PLC中有关数据。基于Win CC Web服务器构建了风电安装船Web服务器,远程用户通过Internet访问该Web服务器,实现了对海上风电安装船的远程监控。试验运行表明,该系统能很好地借助网络实现对海上风电安装的集中、远程监控,且稳定可靠。展开更多
文摘While moving towards a low-carbon, sustainable electricity system, distribution networks are expected to host a large share of distributed generators, such as photovoltaic units and wind turbines. These inverter-based resources are intermittent, but also controllable, and are expected to amplify the role of distribution networks together with other distributed energy resources, such as storage systems and controllable loads. The available control methods for these resources are typically categorized based on the available communication network into centralized, distributed, and decentralized or local. Standard local schemes are typically inefficient, whereas centralized approaches show implementation and cost concerns. This paper focuses on optimized decentralized control of distributed generators via supervised and reinforcement learning. We present existing state-of-the-art decentralized control schemes based on supervised learning, propose a new reinforcement learning scheme based on deep deterministic policy gradient, and compare the behavior of both decentralized and centralized methods in terms of computational effort, scalability, privacy awareness, ability to consider constraints, and overall optimality. We evaluate the performance of the examined schemes on a benchmark European low voltage test system. The results show that both supervised learning and reinforcement learning schemes effectively mitigate the operational issues faced by the distribution network.
文摘针对海上风电安装船升降系统现场控制所带来的人力资源浪费、操作人员工作环境差等问题,文中开发了远程监控系统。在该系统中,4台西门子S7-200系列PLC通过PPI协议构建了一主三从的PPI网络作为下位机,以IPC作为系统的上位机,在上位机中,以Win CC组态软件开发了海洋风电安装船的监控系统。为实现PLC与上位机之间的通讯,采用PC Access搭建了下位机主站的OPC服务器,海洋风电安装船的监控系统通过访问OPC服务器从而获取PLC中有关数据。基于Win CC Web服务器构建了风电安装船Web服务器,远程用户通过Internet访问该Web服务器,实现了对海上风电安装船的远程监控。试验运行表明,该系统能很好地借助网络实现对海上风电安装的集中、远程监控,且稳定可靠。
