Serious desertification caused by human activity and climate change,in addition to water loss and soil erosion related to arsenic sandstone in the Mu Us Sandy Land,lead to severe scarcity of soil and water resources,w...Serious desertification caused by human activity and climate change,in addition to water loss and soil erosion related to arsenic sandstone in the Mu Us Sandy Land,lead to severe scarcity of soil and water resources,which causes worse local agricultural conditions accordingly.Many physical properties of arsenic sandstone is complementary with that of sand,arsenic sandstone is therefore supposed to be blended to enhance water productivity and arability of sandy land.Container experiments are carried out to study the enhancement of water holding capacity of the mixture,the blending ratio of arsenic sandstone and sand,and the proper size of the arsenic sandstone particles,respectively.The results of the experiments show that particle size of 4 cm with a ratio of 1∶2 between arsenic sandstone and sand are the proper parameters on blending.Both water content and fertility increase after blending.Water use efficiency in the mixture is 2.7 times higher than that in sand by the water release curves from experiments.Therefore,a new sand control and development model,including arsenic sandstone blending with sand,efficient water irrigation management and reasonable farming system,is put forward to control and develop sandy land so that water-saving agriculture could be developed.Demonstration of potato planting about 153.1 ha in area in the Mu Us Sandy Land in China indicates that water consumption is 3018 m3/ha in the whole growth period.It means that about 61%of irrigation water can be saved compared with water use in coarse sand without treatment.Recycle economic mode and positive feedback of sand resource-crop planting-soil resource are constructed,which changes sand into arable soil and make it possible to develop water-saving agriculture on it.The proposed model will be helpful for soil-water resources utilization and management in the Mu Us Sandy Land.展开更多
How osteoblast cells are induced is a central question for understanding skeletal formation. Abnormal osteoblast differentiation leads to a broad range of devastating craniofacial diseases. Here we have investigated i...How osteoblast cells are induced is a central question for understanding skeletal formation. Abnormal osteoblast differentiation leads to a broad range of devastating craniofacial diseases. Here we have investigated intramembranous ossification during cranial bone development in mouse models of skeletal genetic diseases that exhibit craniofacial bone defects. The GNAS gene encodes Gαs that transduces GPCR signaling. GNAS activation or loss-of-function mutations in humans cause fibrous dysplasia(FD) or progressive osseous heteroplasia(POH) that shows craniofacial hyperostosis or craniosynostosis, respectively. We find here that, while Hh ligand-dependent Hh signaling is essential for endochondral ossification, it is dispensable for intramembranous ossification, where Gαsregulates Hh signaling in a ligand-independent manner. We further show that Gαscontrols intramembranous ossification by regulating both Hh and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, Gαsactivation in the developing cranial bone leads to reduced ossification but increased cartilage presence due to reduced cartilage dissolution, not cell fate switch. Small molecule inhibitors of Hh and Wnt signaling can effectively ameliorate cranial bone phenotypes in mice caused by loss or gain of Gnas function mutations, respectively. Our work shows that studies of genetic diseases provide invaluable insights in both pathological bone defects and normal bone development, understanding both leads to better diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of bone diseases.展开更多
This paper will discuss the computerised developm en t control and approval system being developed for the Planning and Development C ontrol Department, City Hall of Kuala Lumpur, with stress on the GIS architectur e ...This paper will discuss the computerised developm en t control and approval system being developed for the Planning and Development C ontrol Department, City Hall of Kuala Lumpur, with stress on the GIS architectur e developed within the system. The prospects and challenges towards implementati on of the system are also discussed.展开更多
As a hot spot of next generation network, research over resource control has been carried out for years both in China and abroad. With a gradual progress in standardization, this field presents new development trends ...As a hot spot of next generation network, research over resource control has been carried out for years both in China and abroad. With a gradual progress in standardization, this field presents new development trends and features. Based on latest progresses in standardization promoted by ITU-T, TISPAN and 3GPP, new technologies concerned with resource control are introduced. Considering the problems faced in standardization deployment, relevant resource control functions are also analyzed in this article.展开更多
重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith主要危害玉米、水稻等主粮作物,对我国粮食安全造成了极大的威胁,挖掘和利用本土天敌是其绿色防控的重要途径之一。本研究以田间获取的寄生于草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Ca...重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith主要危害玉米、水稻等主粮作物,对我国粮食安全造成了极大的威胁,挖掘和利用本土天敌是其绿色防控的重要途径之一。本研究以田间获取的寄生于草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida为研究对象,对其寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的完整过程进行了系统地观察,测定了其寄生于不同龄期草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期。同时,进行了以不同夜蛾科幼虫为寄主时棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重的差异性分析。结果显示,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂能够成功寄生2~4龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫,并顺利化蛹。但寄生2龄幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂蛹期为4.21±0.52 d,蛹重为6.86±1.27 mg,均显著低于寄生3龄和4龄幼虫。寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重分别为7.35±0.44 d和11.37±0.36 mg,与寄生棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner和黏虫Mythimna separate Walker幼虫时无显著差异,但均显著高于寄生在斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fabricius幼虫时。研究表明,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾具有良好的防控潜力,值得进一步研究和开发应用。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51079120)Education Department Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.12JK0481)Water Conservancy Science and Technology Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2012-07)
文摘Serious desertification caused by human activity and climate change,in addition to water loss and soil erosion related to arsenic sandstone in the Mu Us Sandy Land,lead to severe scarcity of soil and water resources,which causes worse local agricultural conditions accordingly.Many physical properties of arsenic sandstone is complementary with that of sand,arsenic sandstone is therefore supposed to be blended to enhance water productivity and arability of sandy land.Container experiments are carried out to study the enhancement of water holding capacity of the mixture,the blending ratio of arsenic sandstone and sand,and the proper size of the arsenic sandstone particles,respectively.The results of the experiments show that particle size of 4 cm with a ratio of 1∶2 between arsenic sandstone and sand are the proper parameters on blending.Both water content and fertility increase after blending.Water use efficiency in the mixture is 2.7 times higher than that in sand by the water release curves from experiments.Therefore,a new sand control and development model,including arsenic sandstone blending with sand,efficient water irrigation management and reasonable farming system,is put forward to control and develop sandy land so that water-saving agriculture could be developed.Demonstration of potato planting about 153.1 ha in area in the Mu Us Sandy Land in China indicates that water consumption is 3018 m3/ha in the whole growth period.It means that about 61%of irrigation water can be saved compared with water use in coarse sand without treatment.Recycle economic mode and positive feedback of sand resource-crop planting-soil resource are constructed,which changes sand into arable soil and make it possible to develop water-saving agriculture on it.The proposed model will be helpful for soil-water resources utilization and management in the Mu Us Sandy Land.
基金supported by the NIH grants R01DE025866 from NIDCRR01AR070877 from NIAMSsupported by the 111 Project, MOE (B14038), China
文摘How osteoblast cells are induced is a central question for understanding skeletal formation. Abnormal osteoblast differentiation leads to a broad range of devastating craniofacial diseases. Here we have investigated intramembranous ossification during cranial bone development in mouse models of skeletal genetic diseases that exhibit craniofacial bone defects. The GNAS gene encodes Gαs that transduces GPCR signaling. GNAS activation or loss-of-function mutations in humans cause fibrous dysplasia(FD) or progressive osseous heteroplasia(POH) that shows craniofacial hyperostosis or craniosynostosis, respectively. We find here that, while Hh ligand-dependent Hh signaling is essential for endochondral ossification, it is dispensable for intramembranous ossification, where Gαsregulates Hh signaling in a ligand-independent manner. We further show that Gαscontrols intramembranous ossification by regulating both Hh and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, Gαsactivation in the developing cranial bone leads to reduced ossification but increased cartilage presence due to reduced cartilage dissolution, not cell fate switch. Small molecule inhibitors of Hh and Wnt signaling can effectively ameliorate cranial bone phenotypes in mice caused by loss or gain of Gnas function mutations, respectively. Our work shows that studies of genetic diseases provide invaluable insights in both pathological bone defects and normal bone development, understanding both leads to better diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of bone diseases.
文摘This paper will discuss the computerised developm en t control and approval system being developed for the Planning and Development C ontrol Department, City Hall of Kuala Lumpur, with stress on the GIS architectur e developed within the system. The prospects and challenges towards implementati on of the system are also discussed.
文摘As a hot spot of next generation network, research over resource control has been carried out for years both in China and abroad. With a gradual progress in standardization, this field presents new development trends and features. Based on latest progresses in standardization promoted by ITU-T, TISPAN and 3GPP, new technologies concerned with resource control are introduced. Considering the problems faced in standardization deployment, relevant resource control functions are also analyzed in this article.
