Spectral remote sensing technique is usually used to monitor flood and waterlogging disaster.Although spectral remote sensing data have many advantages for ground information observation,such as real time and high spa...Spectral remote sensing technique is usually used to monitor flood and waterlogging disaster.Although spectral remote sensing data have many advantages for ground information observation,such as real time and high spatial resolution,they are often interfered by clouds,haze and rain.As a result,it is very difficult to retrieve ground information from spectral remote sensing data under those conditions.Compared with spectral remote sensing tech-nique,passive microwave remote sensing technique has obvious superiority in most weather conditions.However,the main drawback of passive microwave remote sensing is the extreme low spatial resolution.Considering the wide ap-plication of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) data,an AMSR-E data unmixing method was proposed in this paper based on Bellerby's algorithm.By utilizing the surface type classifi-cation results with high spatial resolution,the proposed unmixing method can obtain the component brightness tem-perature and corresponding spatial position distribution,which effectively improve the spatial resolution of passive microwave remote sensing data.Through researching the AMSR-E unmixed data of Yongji County,Jilin Provinc,Northeast China after the worst flood and waterlogging disaster occurred on July 28,2010,the experimental results demonstrated that the AMSR-E unmixed data could effectively evaluate the flood and waterlogging disaster.展开更多
Lixiahe region is one of the susceptible area to flood and waterlogging disasters in China due to its low topographic relief and having difficulty in draining floodwater away.The condition will be more serious if sea ...Lixiahe region is one of the susceptible area to flood and waterlogging disasters in China due to its low topographic relief and having difficulty in draining floodwater away.The condition will be more serious if sea level rises in the future.The estimated results by some scientists indicate that the sea level could rise probably 20-100 cm by 2050.However,what the effect will future sea level rise exerts on flood drainage and on flood or waterlogging disasters? A hydrological system model has been developed to study the problem in the lower reaches of the Sheyang River basin.Predicted results from the model show that,if sea level rises,drainage capacity of each drainage river will decrease obviously,and the water level will also rise.From the change of drainage capacity of drainage rivers the trends of flood and waterlogging disasters are analyzed in the paper if the severe flood that happened in the past meets with future sea level rise.Some countermeasures for disaster reduction and prevention against sea-level rise are put forward.展开更多
The application of unsteady simulation to lightening urban storm waterlogged disaster involves six blocks: the main program, the database of drainage networks, the abstractions and losses block, the calculating inflow...The application of unsteady simulation to lightening urban storm waterlogged disaster involves six blocks: the main program, the database of drainage networks, the abstractions and losses block, the calculating inflow of sewer block, the drainage networks routing block and the waterlogged areas calculating block. This model can be used for simulating sewer surcharge and calculating area and water depth of waterlogged areas under storm conditions. The best design of rebuilding storm sewer system or combined sewer system can be provided by simulating existing state of built drainage pipeline. The model was used for rebuilding Shenyang drainage works last year, and the good results were obtained.展开更多
The evaluation method, model and process for the flood and waterlogging disaster condition by GIS,RS and GPS technology and the method for setting up disaster condition database, dyke database and historical disaster ...The evaluation method, model and process for the flood and waterlogging disaster condition by GIS,RS and GPS technology and the method for setting up disaster condition database, dyke database and historical disaster damage database are presented. An index of flood damage degree(FDD) used to evaluate the relative degree of disaster loss and divide flood and waterlogging area is suggested. The value of flood damage degree can be calculated as follows :taking the various disaster losses of sample area in a base year as standard value and computing the ratios of various disaster loss values in different areas and years to the standard flood disaster loss values, then summing up the weighted ratios. The computed results are the value of flood damage degree in the every year. The macroscopic flood disaster distribution can be evaluated by the values of flood loss degree.展开更多
To study the rainstorm waterlogging disaster in Huinan, Pudong District, an urban waterlogging model coupled with the rainfall runoff sub-model, underground network sub-model and the overland flow sub-model has been s...To study the rainstorm waterlogging disaster in Huinan, Pudong District, an urban waterlogging model coupled with the rainfall runoff sub-model, underground network sub-model and the overland flow sub-model has been set up by MIKE FLOOD. After the validation with the actual reports of the waterlogging in Huinan on Oct. 8th, 2013, the model is adopted to simulate the overland flood before and after Gongji Road Rain Pump works to study the impact of Gongji Road Rain Pump on the waterlogging disaster. The results are analyzed and the conclusions are obtained: when Gongji Road Rain Pump runs, the total flooded area will significantly decrease to .49 km2, about 21%, meanwhile, the drowned duration will be shortened in 6 hours, ahead 10 hours. Therefore, Gongji Road Rain Pump can alleviate the waterlogging, but some other measures are still needed to be taken to solve the waterlogging disaster.展开更多
Soybean is an important upland crop,but its productivity is often limited by anaerobic stress caused by waterlogging.The ability to adjust root growth under environmental constraints is an important physiological trai...Soybean is an important upland crop,but its productivity is often limited by anaerobic stress caused by waterlogging.The ability to adjust root growth under environmental constraints is an important physiological trait for adapting to an everchanging environment,and root pruning is an artificial technique for regenerating the root system.In the present study,we investigated whether root pruning in soybean can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effects of anaerobic stress.Soybean plants were affected by anaerobic stress at the germination,vegetative stage 1(V1),and reproductive stage 1(R1)stages,and then the plants were treated with root pruning just after the stress treatment.Soybean plants at the germination stage were treated with root cap and tip removals after hypoxia(N_(2)treatment).Root cap removal was more effective in suppressing the inhibitory effects of hypoxia than root tip removal(5 mm from the tip).The shoot dry weights of the soybean plants with and without root cap removal after hypoxia were 51.2 and 73.8%of the control,respectively,while the root dry weights of plants with and without root cap removal after hypoxia were 43.2 and 62.8%of the control,respectively.As root cap removal effectively enhanced soybean growth after anaerobic stress,the root cap may be the candidate tissue for the stress memory mechanism.When soybean plants at the V1 stage of growth were affected by anaerobic stress,the branch number,pod weight in the main stem,root length,and root surface area of the soybean plants treated with anaerobic stress at the R1 stage significantly decreased compared with those of the control.In contrast,root pruning(2 mm from the tip)immediately after the stress treatment enhanced root growth,branch number,and pod weight.The branch number,pod weight,root length,and root surface area of the plants treated with root pruning were 1.13,1.14,1.12,and 1.13 times higher than those of plants treated with anaerobic stress.Plasmolysis was observed in the root meristem,columella,and cortical cells in soybean roots subjected to anaerobic conditions.However,damage was not observed in the newly emerged roots after root pruning in plants treated with anaerobic stress.These results suggested that root pruning is effective in enhancing soybean growth after anaerobic stress.This effectiveness may be due to the regeneration and elongation of healthy lateral roots during the recovery period.When soybean plants were affected by anaerobic stress at the R1 stage,root pruning just after the stress treatment was ineffective.Thus,suppressing the growth reduction due to anaerobic stress at reproductive stages using only root pruning may be difficult.展开更多
【目的】为缩小单一赋权方法结果差异性,解决评价过程专家规避后悔心理造成评价结果失真的问题,采用博弈论和后悔理论评价城市洪涝灾害韧性。【方法】从城市洪涝灾害韧性属性和韧性维度2个方面构建22个评价指标;运用博弈论集合OWA(Order...【目的】为缩小单一赋权方法结果差异性,解决评价过程专家规避后悔心理造成评价结果失真的问题,采用博弈论和后悔理论评价城市洪涝灾害韧性。【方法】从城市洪涝灾害韧性属性和韧性维度2个方面构建22个评价指标;运用博弈论集合OWA(Ordered Weighted Average operator)算子和改进CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)法,充分考虑主客观因素对权重的作用,得到指标综合权重;引入有限理性的后悔理论,通过构建效用值、后悔-欣喜值、感知效用值矩阵评价西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性等级,并将评价结果与模糊层次分析法、OWA算子和后悔理论法,改进CRITIC和后悔理论法、后悔理论4种方法的结果进行对比,验证所采用方法的可靠性和有效性。【结果】结果表明:西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性评价值为4.62,韧性等级为Ⅲ级,属于中等韧性。其中灞桥区为Ⅳ级,新城区和未央区为Ⅲ级,碑林区、莲湖区和雁塔区为Ⅱ级,呈现东北区域韧性强于西南区域的特点。【结论】根据博弈论赋权结果可知:透水面积占比、汛期单日最大降雨量、互联网覆盖率、排水管网密度、主城区道路易积水点数量和植被覆盖率6个指标是影响西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性的主要指标,为城市洪涝灾害韧性管理提供参考。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971189)Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-340)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100471276)
文摘Spectral remote sensing technique is usually used to monitor flood and waterlogging disaster.Although spectral remote sensing data have many advantages for ground information observation,such as real time and high spatial resolution,they are often interfered by clouds,haze and rain.As a result,it is very difficult to retrieve ground information from spectral remote sensing data under those conditions.Compared with spectral remote sensing tech-nique,passive microwave remote sensing technique has obvious superiority in most weather conditions.However,the main drawback of passive microwave remote sensing is the extreme low spatial resolution.Considering the wide ap-plication of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) data,an AMSR-E data unmixing method was proposed in this paper based on Bellerby's algorithm.By utilizing the surface type classifi-cation results with high spatial resolution,the proposed unmixing method can obtain the component brightness tem-perature and corresponding spatial position distribution,which effectively improve the spatial resolution of passive microwave remote sensing data.Through researching the AMSR-E unmixed data of Yongji County,Jilin Provinc,Northeast China after the worst flood and waterlogging disaster occurred on July 28,2010,the experimental results demonstrated that the AMSR-E unmixed data could effectively evaluate the flood and waterlogging disaster.
文摘Lixiahe region is one of the susceptible area to flood and waterlogging disasters in China due to its low topographic relief and having difficulty in draining floodwater away.The condition will be more serious if sea level rises in the future.The estimated results by some scientists indicate that the sea level could rise probably 20-100 cm by 2050.However,what the effect will future sea level rise exerts on flood drainage and on flood or waterlogging disasters? A hydrological system model has been developed to study the problem in the lower reaches of the Sheyang River basin.Predicted results from the model show that,if sea level rises,drainage capacity of each drainage river will decrease obviously,and the water level will also rise.From the change of drainage capacity of drainage rivers the trends of flood and waterlogging disasters are analyzed in the paper if the severe flood that happened in the past meets with future sea level rise.Some countermeasures for disaster reduction and prevention against sea-level rise are put forward.
文摘The application of unsteady simulation to lightening urban storm waterlogged disaster involves six blocks: the main program, the database of drainage networks, the abstractions and losses block, the calculating inflow of sewer block, the drainage networks routing block and the waterlogged areas calculating block. This model can be used for simulating sewer surcharge and calculating area and water depth of waterlogged areas under storm conditions. The best design of rebuilding storm sewer system or combined sewer system can be provided by simulating existing state of built drainage pipeline. The model was used for rebuilding Shenyang drainage works last year, and the good results were obtained.
文摘The evaluation method, model and process for the flood and waterlogging disaster condition by GIS,RS and GPS technology and the method for setting up disaster condition database, dyke database and historical disaster damage database are presented. An index of flood damage degree(FDD) used to evaluate the relative degree of disaster loss and divide flood and waterlogging area is suggested. The value of flood damage degree can be calculated as follows :taking the various disaster losses of sample area in a base year as standard value and computing the ratios of various disaster loss values in different areas and years to the standard flood disaster loss values, then summing up the weighted ratios. The computed results are the value of flood damage degree in the every year. The macroscopic flood disaster distribution can be evaluated by the values of flood loss degree.
文摘To study the rainstorm waterlogging disaster in Huinan, Pudong District, an urban waterlogging model coupled with the rainfall runoff sub-model, underground network sub-model and the overland flow sub-model has been set up by MIKE FLOOD. After the validation with the actual reports of the waterlogging in Huinan on Oct. 8th, 2013, the model is adopted to simulate the overland flood before and after Gongji Road Rain Pump works to study the impact of Gongji Road Rain Pump on the waterlogging disaster. The results are analyzed and the conclusions are obtained: when Gongji Road Rain Pump runs, the total flooded area will significantly decrease to .49 km2, about 21%, meanwhile, the drowned duration will be shortened in 6 hours, ahead 10 hours. Therefore, Gongji Road Rain Pump can alleviate the waterlogging, but some other measures are still needed to be taken to solve the waterlogging disaster.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(JP20K06003 to M.I.)。
文摘Soybean is an important upland crop,but its productivity is often limited by anaerobic stress caused by waterlogging.The ability to adjust root growth under environmental constraints is an important physiological trait for adapting to an everchanging environment,and root pruning is an artificial technique for regenerating the root system.In the present study,we investigated whether root pruning in soybean can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effects of anaerobic stress.Soybean plants were affected by anaerobic stress at the germination,vegetative stage 1(V1),and reproductive stage 1(R1)stages,and then the plants were treated with root pruning just after the stress treatment.Soybean plants at the germination stage were treated with root cap and tip removals after hypoxia(N_(2)treatment).Root cap removal was more effective in suppressing the inhibitory effects of hypoxia than root tip removal(5 mm from the tip).The shoot dry weights of the soybean plants with and without root cap removal after hypoxia were 51.2 and 73.8%of the control,respectively,while the root dry weights of plants with and without root cap removal after hypoxia were 43.2 and 62.8%of the control,respectively.As root cap removal effectively enhanced soybean growth after anaerobic stress,the root cap may be the candidate tissue for the stress memory mechanism.When soybean plants at the V1 stage of growth were affected by anaerobic stress,the branch number,pod weight in the main stem,root length,and root surface area of the soybean plants treated with anaerobic stress at the R1 stage significantly decreased compared with those of the control.In contrast,root pruning(2 mm from the tip)immediately after the stress treatment enhanced root growth,branch number,and pod weight.The branch number,pod weight,root length,and root surface area of the plants treated with root pruning were 1.13,1.14,1.12,and 1.13 times higher than those of plants treated with anaerobic stress.Plasmolysis was observed in the root meristem,columella,and cortical cells in soybean roots subjected to anaerobic conditions.However,damage was not observed in the newly emerged roots after root pruning in plants treated with anaerobic stress.These results suggested that root pruning is effective in enhancing soybean growth after anaerobic stress.This effectiveness may be due to the regeneration and elongation of healthy lateral roots during the recovery period.When soybean plants were affected by anaerobic stress at the R1 stage,root pruning just after the stress treatment was ineffective.Thus,suppressing the growth reduction due to anaerobic stress at reproductive stages using only root pruning may be difficult.
文摘【目的】为缩小单一赋权方法结果差异性,解决评价过程专家规避后悔心理造成评价结果失真的问题,采用博弈论和后悔理论评价城市洪涝灾害韧性。【方法】从城市洪涝灾害韧性属性和韧性维度2个方面构建22个评价指标;运用博弈论集合OWA(Ordered Weighted Average operator)算子和改进CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)法,充分考虑主客观因素对权重的作用,得到指标综合权重;引入有限理性的后悔理论,通过构建效用值、后悔-欣喜值、感知效用值矩阵评价西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性等级,并将评价结果与模糊层次分析法、OWA算子和后悔理论法,改进CRITIC和后悔理论法、后悔理论4种方法的结果进行对比,验证所采用方法的可靠性和有效性。【结果】结果表明:西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性评价值为4.62,韧性等级为Ⅲ级,属于中等韧性。其中灞桥区为Ⅳ级,新城区和未央区为Ⅲ级,碑林区、莲湖区和雁塔区为Ⅱ级,呈现东北区域韧性强于西南区域的特点。【结论】根据博弈论赋权结果可知:透水面积占比、汛期单日最大降雨量、互联网覆盖率、排水管网密度、主城区道路易积水点数量和植被覆盖率6个指标是影响西安市主城区洪涝灾害韧性的主要指标,为城市洪涝灾害韧性管理提供参考。
