Quality of Service Improvement with Optimal Software-Defined Networking Controller and Control Plane Clustering

The controller is indispensable in software-defined networking(SDN).With several features,controllers monitor the network and respond promptly to dynamic changes.Their performance affects the quality-of-service(QoS)in SDN.Every controller supports a set of features.However,the support of the features may be more prominent in one controller.Moreover,a single controller leads to performance,single-point-of-failure(SPOF),and scalability problems.To overcome this,a controller with an optimum feature set must be available for SDN.Furthermore,a cluster of optimum feature set controllers will overcome an SPOF and improve the QoS in SDN.Herein,leveraging an analytical network process(ANP),we rank SDN controllers regarding their supporting features and create a hierarchical control plane based cluster(HCPC)of the highly ranked controller computed using the ANP,evaluating their performance for the OS3E topology.The results demonstrated in Mininet reveal that a HCPC environment with an optimum controller achieves an improved QoS.Moreover,the experimental results validated in Mininet show that our proposed approach surpasses the existing distributed controller clustering(DCC)schemes in terms of several performance metrics i.e.,delay,jitter,throughput,load balancing,scalability and CPU(central processing unit)utilization.

Intelligent Control Plane Techniques for Next Generation Optical Switching Networks

For the next generation optical switching networks, the intelligent control plane is a key enabling technique. In this paper, we review our recent research activities related to Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) and Open Flow-based control planes for both Wave length Switched Optical Networks (WSON) and Elastic Optical Networks (EON).

Transferring in control plane for 5G heterogeneous networks

The heterogeneous network with the separation of the control plane and user plane(C/U) is an evolutionary approach to the fifth generation(5 G) to achieve high system coverage and capacity. To minimize signaling load of the core network when there is a macro base station(BS) failure in the control plane, a scheme of transferring the control of small cells under the coverage of the failure macro BS to the neighbor macro BSs is proposed. The average handover rates between small cells related to user mobilities, the extended coverage of the neighboring macro BSs under the constraint of transmitting power and the load balance index of the system are analyzed, based on which the formula of maximizing the handovers processed by macro BSs is constructed and further solved by the convex optimization methods. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively increase the total handovers processed by the macro BSs and thus reduce the signaling load of the core network.

A Novel Optical Control Plane for Switching an Electro-Optical Hybrid Node in Translucent WDM Optical Networks

In a translucent network scenario, development of an optical control plane (OCP) that is aware of the location and number of available regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs) is of paramount importance. However, current generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) protocol suite does not consider the distribution of regenerator and AOWC availability information to all the network nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel optical control plane (OCP) architecture that 1) disseminates information about network components (i.e. regenerators and AOWCs) to all the network nodes, and 2) evaluates candidate routes which use fewest amounts of network components. Performance of the proposed OCP is compared with a recently proposed hybrid OCP approach in terms of blocking performance, number of deployed components and lightpath establishment setup times. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed OCP approach demonstrates low connection blocking and establishes lightpaths by 1) minimizing the overall network cost owing to the deployment of minimum total number of network components, and 2) demonstrating acceptable lightpath establishment setup times at all traffic loads. Further, the proposed OCP methodology is compatible and suitable for controlling the operations of a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node which is a latency efficient technology capable of delivering a cost effective implementation suitable for large scale deployment.

A Virtual Router Cluster System Based on the Separation of the Control Plane and the Data Plane

This paper proposes a virtual router cluster system based on the separation of the control plane and the data plane from multiple perspectives,such as architecture,key technologies,scenarios and standardization.To some extent,the virtual cluster simplifies network topology and management,achieves automatic conFig.uration and saves the IP address.It is a kind of low-cost expansion method of aggregation equipment port density.

Design of Novel S-plane Controller of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Established on Sliding Mode Control

Based on the deep analysis of the mathematical model of an autonomous underwater vehicle( AUV),comprehensive considerations are given to the coupling effect of AUV's longitudinal velocity on the other degrees of freedom. In the meantime,discussions are made on the influence of residual buoyancy and restoring moment.A novel S-plane controller established on sliding mode control( SMC) is hereby proposed in this study. The strengths of traditional S-plane controller including simple structure and easily adjustable parameters are maintained in the improved design while the weakness of unsatisfactory control effect at the time of high-speed operation is also overcome. Lyapunov function is introduced to make the stability analysis of the controller before it is successfully applied to the basic motion control of AUV-X. Then the comparative experiment test is carried out between the traditional S-plane controller and the novel S-plane controller. The effectiveness and feasibility of the novel S-plane controller established on sliding mode control in the AUV basic motion control is verified by the comparative analysis of experiment results.

ESTIMAING AMOUNT OF EXPLOSIVE FOR FRACTURE PLANE CONTROL BLASTING WITH NOTCHED BOREHOLES

With the development of fracture mechanics,the fracture plane control blasting with notched borcholes hascome into being.This technique is used to create a satisfactory presplit along the contour of an excavation inrock.However,the amount of explosive loaded in each hol usually is determined by trial and error.Because ofthis,two approaches estimating the amount of explosive for the blasting technique are suggested.

Fracture Plane Control in Rock Blasting

Blasting operation dissipates much of the blasting energy in crushing the rock at the borehole and the resulting cracks are randomly oriented. There is very little control of the fracture plane. In order to control the fracture plane, many methods have been applied. This paper discusses a new blasting method in which a high degree of fracture control can be achieved while minimizing the ground shock.

Design of an Adaptive Controller for Dive-plane Control of a Torpedo-shaped AUV

Underwater vehicles operating in complex ocean conditions present difficulties in determining accurate dynamic models. To guarantee robustness against parameter uncertainty, an adaptive controller for dive-plane control, based on Lyapunov theory and back-stepping techniques, was proposed. In the closed-loop system, asymptotic tracking of the reference depth and pitch angle trajectories was accomplished. Simulation results were presented which show effective dive-plane control in spite of the uncertainties in the system parameters.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FRACTURE PLANE CONTROL BLAST WITH NOTCHED BOREHOLES

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INFORMATION DESIGN OF UNIVERSAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM OF PLANE CONTROL NETWORKS

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软件定义网络中操作成本优化的控制路径恢复

软件定义网络(software defined network,SDN)是一种新兴的网络范式,其解耦了控制平面和数据平面,实现了网络管理的灵活性。然而,控制平面的逻辑集中化带来了新的挑战,即在各种故障情况下确保较高的可用性。文章在带内控制平面的前提下,提出一种控制平面恢复方法,该方法重复利用旧的控制路径规则,并建立相应的数学模型;最终提出一种考虑复用控制规则的树形恢复算法,并证明当控制路径以最短路径树的形式部署时,算法的近似度为3。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的有效性。

基于Super-Twisting滑模S面的无人机路径跟踪控制

针对小型固定翼无人机在执行任务时跟踪精度低以及容易受外界风影响的问题,设计基于Super-Twisting滑模S面(STSM S-Plane)的路径跟踪控制器,同时采用内外双环控制模式。外环即速度环采用Super-Twisting滑模控制,内环即姿态环采用S面控制。考虑到S面控制求导易导致积分爆炸的问题引入了二阶微分器,并对外界风组成进行建模研究。最后通过空间特殊曲线来验证所设计算法的控制性能。仿真结果表明,所设计的算法可以实现固定翼无人机对期望路径的精确跟踪,并具有良好的鲁棒性和抗干扰性能。

考虑车辆稳定的避障路径自适应模型预测跟踪

为了提高车辆在稳定行驶前提下的避障路径跟踪控制精度,设计了自适应模型预测路径跟踪控制器和稳定控制器。根据车辆运动特性,建立了车辆在横向和横摆向共三个自由度的车辆动力学方程;基于路径跟踪控制需要,建立了预瞄跟踪控制模型。在避障路径跟踪方面,提出了预测时域随车速和路径曲率自适应变化方法;以提高避障路径跟踪精度和控制量增量最小为优化目标,将路径跟踪控制问题转化为二次型问题,实现了自适应优化求解和时域滚动控制。在车辆行驶稳定方面,从车辆状态的稳定性预判、稳定力矩的计算和分配等方面设计了稳定控制器。经仿真验证,这里的方法能够将车辆状态控制在相平面的双线法稳定区域内,实现了车辆行驶的稳定性和安全性;在避障路径跟踪方面,这里的方法的最大跟踪误差和绝对误差均值远小于传统模型预测控制、文献[14]模糊滑模控制,充分证明了这里的方法在避障路径跟踪控制中的高精度和有效性。

微克飞行器MEMS气动控制微系统

针对微克飞行器对毫米级的控制系统的需求,借助MEMS技术,提出一种微型化的气动控制系统。借助蠕动电极可累积作用效果的特点,使控制系统在力与体积之间达到良好的平衡,达到在小体积内获得高驱动力的目标,通过理论分析和尺寸优化完成结构的设计,并进行有限元仿真分析。仿真结果表示,最终设计的微系统面积为22 mm×12 mm,可以产生433 mN的驱动力,可使控制面实现偏转角在12°范围内的角度调控。

可扩展的网络验证技术:研究现状与发展趋势

互联网作为国家信息基础设施的重要组成部分,已经在各个领域发挥着巨大的作用.随着其规模不断扩大和应用持续深入,我们也面临着意图不一致的网络行为可能导致的灾难性危害.为了确保互联网的正常运行和网络行为的一致性,我们迫切需要可部署的网络验证技术,以确保网络运行时的行为与网络运维人员的意图一致.当前已经有许多关于网络验证技术的研究,这些研究帮助用户实现自动检测网络错误,并进一步分析错误产生的原因.然而,为了满足互联网规模不断扩大的需求,可扩展性问题成为在互联网部署网络验证技术的一项重要挑战.即如何在满足时间和空间复杂度约束的前提下,快速发现并排查网络策略的错误,真正将网络验证技术应用于实际,成为一个研究热点.本文从数据面验证和控制面验证两个方面出发,深入研究和总结了现有的网络验证研究工作,并探索了基于时空优化的可扩展性技术,对这些方案的特点进行了系统性分析.最后,本文总结和展望了网络验证可扩展技术的未来研究趋势,为该领域的研究人员提供一定的参考.

固定翼UAV路径跟踪的全局稳定积分滑模S面控制

针对固定翼无人机的三维路径跟踪控制问题,设计了一种基于全局稳定积分滑模S面模型的内外环控制器。控制器外环采用全局稳定积分滑模控制,内环采用S面控制。设计控制器外环的全局稳定积分滑模控制律,并采用Lyapunov理论证明所设计控制律的稳定性。对内环的指令信号设计S面控制器,考虑到S面控制器中求导的复杂性,引入二阶微分器,解决内环中导数存在积分爆炸的问题。半物理仿真试验结果表明,提出的控制器能精确跟踪期望路径,具有良好的控制性能和抗干扰性能。

A Safe and Reliable Heterogeneous Controller Deployment Approach in SDN

Software-Defined Networking(SDN)provides flexible and global network management by decoupling control plane from data plane,and multiple controllers are deployed in the network in a logically centralized and physically distributed way.However,the existing approaches generally deploy the controllers with the same type in the network,which easily causes homogeneous controller common-mode fault.To this end,this paper proposes heterogeneous controller deployment in the SDN,considering the different types of controllers and relevant criteria(e.g.,delay,control link interruption rate,and controller fault rate).Then,we introduce a Safe and Reliable Heterogeneous Controller Deployment(SRHCD)approach,consisting of two stages.Stage 1 determines the type and the number of heterogeneous controllers required for the SDN network based on the dynamic programming.Stage 2 divides the SDN network into multiple subnets by k-means algorithm and improves the genetic algorithm to optimize the heterogeneous controller deployment in these SDN subnets to ensure reliable switch-controller communications.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the control plane fault rate and increase the attack difficulties.Besides,the switch-controller delay has been lowered by 16.5%averagely.

分布式驱动车辆直接横摆力矩与转向控制

为了进一步提高车辆在转向行驶过程中的横向稳定性,针对分布式驱动电动汽车,提出了一种在分层集成架构下利用相平面法确定稳定区域控制车辆运动状态稳定的控制策略。由二自由度模型得到的理想侧向速度、理想横摆角速度与实际差值作为上层控制器输入值,上层控制器采用双滑膜控制器结构分别对理想侧向速度和理想横摆角速度进行追踪,分别得到控制量附加转角和附加横摆力矩;下层控制器主要依据相平面法得到的边界值协调控制转向控制和横摆力矩控制的输入输出值,通过最优分配算法将轮胎力和转向角分配到四轮,最终实现对车辆稳定性控制。对控制算法进行仿真验证,证明了所提控制策略的有效性和可行性。