Fault Detection for Motor Drive Control System of Industrial Robots Using CNN-LSTM-based Observers

The complex working conditions and nonlinear characteristics of the motor drive control system of industrial robots make it difficult to detect faults.In this paper,a deep learning-based observer,which combines the convolutional neural network(CNN)and the long short-term memory network(LSTM),is employed to approximate the nonlinear driving control system.CNN layers are introduced to extract dynamic features of the data,whereas LSTM layers perform time-sequential prediction of the target system.In terms of application,normal samples are fed into the observer to build an offline prediction model for the target system.The trained CNN-LSTM-based observer is then deployed along with the target system to estimate the system outputs.Online fault detection can be realized by analyzing the residuals.Finally,an application of the proposed fault detection method to a brushless DC motor drive system is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.Simulation results indicate the impressive fault detection capability of the presented method for driving control systems of industrial robots.

Programmable Logic Controller Block Monitoring System for Memory Attack Defense in Industrial Control Systems

Cyberattacks targeting industrial control systems(ICS)are becoming more sophisticated and advanced than in the past.A programmable logic controller(PLC),a core component of ICS,controls and monitors sensors and actuators in the field.However,PLC has memory attack threats such as program injection and manipulation,which has long been a major target for attackers,and it is important to detect these attacks for ICS security.To detect PLC memory attacks,a security system is required to acquire and monitor PLC memory directly.In addition,the performance impact of the security system on the PLC makes it difficult to apply to the ICS.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a system to detect PLC memory attacks by continuously acquiring and monitoring PLC memory.The proposed system detects PLC memory attacks by acquiring the program blocks and block information directly from the same layer as the PLC and then comparing them in bytes with previous data.Experiments with Siemens S7-300 and S7-400 PLC were conducted to evaluate the PLC memory detection performance and performance impact on PLC.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system detects all malicious organization block(OB)injection and data block(DB)manipulation,and the increment of PLC cycle time,the impact on PLC performance,was less than 1 ms.The proposed system detects PLC memory attacks with a simpler detection method than earlier studies.Furthermore,the proposed system can be applied to ICS with a small performance impact on PLC.

GRU-based Buzzer Ensemble for Abnormal Detection in Industrial Control Systems

Recently,Industrial Control Systems(ICSs)have been changing from a closed environment to an open environment because of the expansion of digital transformation,smart factories,and Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).Since security accidents that occur in ICSs can cause national confusion and human casualties,research on detecting abnormalities by using normal operation data learning is being actively conducted.The single technique proposed by existing studies does not detect abnormalities well or provide satisfactory results.In this paper,we propose a GRU-based Buzzer Ensemble for AbnormalDetection(GBE-AD)model for detecting anomalies in industrial control systems to ensure rapid response and process availability.The newly proposed ensemble model of the buzzer method resolves False Negatives(FNs)by complementing the limited range that can be detected in a single model because of the internal models composing GBE-AD.Because the internal models remain suppressed for False Positives(FPs),GBE-AD provides better generalization.In addition,we generated mean prediction error data in GBE-AD and inferred abnormal processes using soft and hard clustering.We confirmed that the detection model’s Time-series Aware Precision(TaP)suppressed FPs at 97.67%.The final performance was 94.04%in an experiment using anHIL-basedAugmented ICS(HAI)Security Dataset(ver.21.03)among public datasets.

An Intelligent Approach for Intrusion Detection in Industrial Control System

Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)systems are computer systems that gather and analyze real-time data,distributed control systems are specially designed automated control system that consists of geographically distributed control elements,and other smaller control systems such as programmable logic controllers are industrial solid-state computers that monitor inputs and outputs and make logic-based decisions.In recent years,there has been a lot of focus on the security of industrial control systems.Due to the advancement in information technologies,the risk of cyberattacks on industrial control system has been drastically increased.Because they are so inextricably tied to human life,any damage to them might have devastating consequences.To provide an efficient solution to such problems,this paper proposes a new approach to intrusion detection.First,the important features in the dataset are determined by the difference between the distribution of unlabeled and positive data which is deployed for the learning process.Then,a prior estimation of the class is proposed based on a support vector machine.Simulation results show that the proposed approach has better anomaly detection performance than existing algorithms.

Information Security Evaluation of Industrial Control Systems Using Probabilistic Linguistic MCDM Method

Industrial control systems(ICSs)are widely used in various fields,and the information security problems of ICSs are increasingly serious.The existing evaluation methods fail to describe the uncertain evaluation information and group evaluation information of experts.Thus,this paper introduces the probabilistic linguistic term sets(PLTSs)to model the evaluation information of experts.Meanwhile,we propose a probabilistic linguistic multi-criteria decision-making(PL-MCDM)method to solve the information security assessment problem of ICSs.Firstly,we propose a novel subscript equivalence distance measure of PLTSs to improve the existing methods.Secondly,we use the Best Worst Method(BWM)method and Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation(CRITIC)method to obtain the subjective weights and objective weights,which are used to derive the combined weights.Thirdly,we use the subscript equivalence distance measure method and the combined weight method to improve the probabilistic linguistic Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(PL-VIKOR)method.Finally,we apply the proposed method to solve the information security assessment problem of ICSs.When comparing with the existing methods such as the probabilistic linguistic Tomada deDecisão Iterativa Multicritério(PL-TODIM)method and probabilistic linguistic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(PL-TOPSIS)method,the case example shows that the proposed method can provide more reasonable ranking results.By evaluating and ranking the information security level of different ICSs,managers can identify problems in time and guide their work better.

Review of PLC Security Issues in Industrial Control System

Programmable Logic Controllers(PLC),core of industrial control systems,is widely used in industrial control systems.The security of PLC is the key to the security of industrial control systems.Nowadays,a large number of industrial control systems are connected to the Internet which exposes the PLC equipment to the Internet,and thus raising security concerns.First of all,we introduce the basic principle of PLC in this paper.Then we analyze the PLC code security,firmware security,network security,virus vulnerability and Modbus communication protocol by reviewing the previous related work.Finally,we make a summary of the current security protection methods.

Corrosion in Control Systems Decrease the Lifetime of the Electronic Devices of the Industrial Plants of Mexicali,BC,Mexico

The principal factor to determine the economical value of the products manufactured in the electronics industry is due to the productive yielding. This is important for the cost of the articles fabricated in this type of industrial plants installed in Mexicali city, where around 80% of companies are, and which fabricate electronic devices and systems, or have industrial electronic systems and machines to their manufacturing process. Mexicalicity is located in theBaja CaliforniaStateof the northwest ofMexico, which is a border city with Calexico in theCaliforniaStateof the United States of America (USA). The region located in Mexicali, is a desert area. Geothermal plant is located in this area, which is an important industry and supplies electricity to this city and its valleys and some cities on southwest of United States for daily activities. This company emits hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a main air pollutant that reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere, generating sulfur oxides (SOX). This chemical is dispersed to the city of Mexicali in which industrial plants are located with electronic control systems, and penetrates to indoor rooms. Those cause the corrosion process. The presence of corrosion leads to the deterioration of electrical connectors, the connections of electronic systems and the decreasing of the lifetime of these control systems. Other air pollutants that are considered as chemical agents which cause damage to materials used in the electronics industry, are the sulfurs and nitrogen oxides (NOX), emitted from the traffic vehicle and some industries. This causes the low productive yielding of electrical and electronic devices and systems used in the companies of this city, and is a major concern to specialized people, managers and owners. To analyze the productive yielding of electronic devices and systems installed in indoor of the electronics industry. For this reason, to know the principal causes of it, a study in three industrial plants, to determine the grade level of deterioration of the electronic control systems (ECS) used in the electronics industry of this city was made. The results showed that at major air pollution concentration detected by specialized methods, the lifetime of the ECS was decreased by the generation of corrosion in their electrical connectors and connections. This was caused for the levels of air pollutants mentioned above, than exceed the air quality standards in some periods of the year, added with the levels upper of relative humidity levels (RH) and temperatures of 85% and 25°C in winter and 80% 35°C in summer, being a main factor of this electrochemical phenomenon.

Home control system based on ZigBee wireless sensor networks

A new scheme of the home control system based on ZigBee wireless sensor networks is presented. The design and development of the software and hardware of the proposed system are given. In addition to the basic data acquisition and processing functions, the gateway supports the Bluetooth-based local interface and the general packet radio service （GPRS）-based remote interface. Users on the client service side can use a pocket PC or notebook PC to achieve real-time data acquisition and control instruction implementation, or remotely control the home control system through a mobile phone by sending a short message. The Labview graphical development environment is adopted to create PDA applications running on pocket PCs and monitoring platform established on notebook PCs. Except for the gateway, other nodes in the system work in sleep mode most of the time on the system, and thus it improves the lifetime of the whole system efficiently.

A Study on PC/104 Embedded Automatic Balancing Control System

In this paper,an embedded real-time control system for automatic rotor balancing was studied.Benefiting from the modular design,this system can be easily re-constituted or expanded under different working conditions.The special designed hardware resists harsh environment.As an embedded application,it was very important to save system consumptions on both hardware and software,so the algorithms for unbalance vibration identification and attenuation were deduced,meantime a unified fast algorithm structure was achieved through the geometric analysis.Based on this structure,the signal processing algorithm was tested by an open data source,while the control algorithm was simulated using a basic rotor model,and then connected to a hyper gravity machine running online auto-balancing.The result confirms that the unbalancing vibration is effectively restrained.

Design and Implementation of Embedded Web Server in Industrial Control Systems

In the traditional project of industry control, the field operator is the only man who watches production condition at the production spot. Enterprise administers cannot obtain real-time production status and make real-time decision if they don’t reach the production spot. Because of the development of Embedded Web Server such status is being changed. The remote monitor and control mode based on Embedded Web Server provides complete exact real-time information for managers, and makes it possible to make a decision in real time. In the paper, the design and implements of Embedded Web Server are presented and the key realization technology of it is described in detail. EWS (Embedded Web Server) will effectively lower system operating cost and improve maintaining efficiency, which has wide application prospect and popularization value in industrial control systems.

PC-Based Automated Control System for Jordan Northern Grain Silo

This paper presents a PC-based automated control system operation of the Northern Grain Silo of Jordan. The system connects to a PLC (programmable logic controller) device, and combines operator interface, PLC programming and monitoring functions into one platform. The PLC portion handles direct operations control, while the PC portion handles interfacing and data intensive functions. A simulation package is developed. The package generates a graphical user interface for real-time graphic animations of the Grain Silo operation. We discuss anticipated benefits of such a system and phases of implementation.

Internet of Things Enabled Intelligent Energy Management and Control System for Heavy Equipment Industrial Park and Fuzzy Assessment of Its Schemes

In order to solve the problems of poor informationflow,low energy utilization rate and energy consumption data reuse in the heavy equipment industrial park,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology is applied to construct the intelligent energy management and control system(IEMCS).The application architecture and function module planning are analyzed and designed.Furthermore,the IEMCS scheme is not unique due to the fuzziness of customer demand and the understanding deviation of designer to customer demand in the design stage.Scheme assessment is of great significance for the normal subsequent implementation of the system.A fuzzy assessment method for IEMCS scheme alternatives is proposed to achieve scheme selection.Fuzzy group decision using triangular fuzzy number to express the vague assessment of experts is adopted to determine the index value.TOPSIS is modified by replacing Euclidean distance with contact vector distance in IEMCS scheme alternative assessment.An experiment with eight IEMCS scheme alternatives in a heavy equipment industrial park is given for the validation.The experiment result shows that eight IEMCS scheme alternatives can be assessed.Through the comparisons with other methods,the reliability of the results obtained by the proposed method is discussed.

Time-stamped predictive functional control for networked control systems with random delays

The random delays in a networked control system (NCS) degrade control performance and can even destabilize the control system.To deal with this problem,the time-stamped predictive functional control (PFC) algorithm is proposed,which generalizes the standard PFC algorithm to networked control systems with random delays.The algorithm uses the time-stamp method to estimate the control delay,predicts the future outputs based on a discrete time delay state space model,and drives the control law that applies to an NCS from the idea of a PFC algorithm.A networked control system was constructed based on TrueTime simulator,with which the time-stamped PFC algorithm was compared with the standard PFC algorithm.The response curves show that the proposed algorithm has better control performance.

CAGCN:Centrality-Aware Graph Convolution Network for Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control Systems

In industrial control systems,the utilization of deep learning based methods achieves improvements for anomaly detection.However,most current methods ignore the association of inner components in industrial control systems.In industrial control systems,an anomaly component may affect the neighboring components;therefore,the connective relationship can help us to detect anomalies effectively.In this paper,we propose a centrality-aware graph convolution network(CAGCN)for anomaly detection in industrial control systems.Unlike the traditional graph convolution network(GCN)model,we utilize the concept of centrality to enhance the ability of graph convolution networks to deal with the inner relationship in industrial control systems.Our experiments show that compared with GCN,our CAGCN has a better ability to utilize this relationship between components in industrial control systems.The performances of the model are evaluated on the Secure Water Treatment(SWaT)dataset and the Water Distribution(WADI)dataset,the two most common industrial control systems datasets in the field of industrial anomaly detection.The experimental results show that our CAGCN achieves better results on precision,recall,and F1 score than the state-of-the-art methods.

Quality Control System for Light Industry

In the next three to five years, China’s light industry will upgrade major product quality generally to world level. This will be done by strengthening quality control and supervision and the improvement in technology. The campaign was announced by Yu Zhen, president of the China National Council of Light Industry at the beginning of this year.

Upgraded Poloidal Field Control System for HT-7 Tokamak

This paper reviews how we have designed the upgraded poloidal field control system on HT-7 superconducting Tokmak by applying advanced computer technologies and Multivariable decoupling control theory. This paper emphasizes on designing the method of the control system,including system components and their functions.

Performance Enhancements in the EAST Digital Plasma Control System

The EAST plasma control system （PCS） is in continuous development to satisfy the EAST experimental requirements. In order to realize low latency and distortion-free signal transmission between PCS and servo systems such as the poloidal field power supply, in-vessel coil power supply and real-time scope, reflective memory boards （RFM） were applied. The new hardware layout and enhanced performance are reported. Newly implemented PCS control algorithms for gas control and real-time data display are also presented.

Development of the simulation platform between EAST plasma control system and the tokamak simulation code based on Simulink

Plasma control system（PCS）,mainly developed for real-time feedback control calculation,plays a significant part during normal discharges in a magnetic fusion device,while the tokamak simulation code（TSC） is a nonlinear numerical model that studies the time evolution of an axisymmetric magnetized tokamak plasma.The motivation to combine these two codes for an integrated simulation is specified by the facts that the control system module in TSC is relatively simple compared to PCS,and meanwhile,newly-implemented control algorithms in PCS,before applied to experimental validations,require numerical validations against a tokamak plasma simulator that TSC can act as.In this paper,details of establishment of the integrated simulation framework between the EAST PCS and TSC are generically presented,and the poloidal power supply model and data acquisition model that have been implemented in this framework are described as well.In addition,the correctness of data interactions among the EAST PCS,Simulink and TSC is clearly confirmed during an interface test,and in a simulation test,the RZIP control scheme in the EAST PCS is numerically validated using this simulation platform.

Research on A Master - slave Multi - microcomputers Control System for Hollow Spindle Fancy Yarn Spinning Machine

In this paper, a successfully studied and developed master - slave muld - microcomputers control system based on PC - BUS for hollow spindle fancy yarn spinning machine, mainly Its overall scheme, software and hardware construction, is introduced. Spinning experiments show that the system achieves satisfactory result. This system can solve the diftkultles of mechatronical fusion between domestic hollow splndk fancy yarn spuming muchine and its microcomputer control technology.