Advanced Functional Electromagnetic Shielding Materials:A Review Based on Micro‑Nano Structure Interface Control of Biomass Cell Walls

Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.

Association of the glycemic background patterns and the diabetes management efficacy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.

Passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

Patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury level.However,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface electromyography.In this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord injury.Eleven patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were recruited.Surface electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity protocol.The results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of activation.Although the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically significant.These findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

A matrix metalloproteinase-responsive hydrogel system controls angiogenic peptide release for repair of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

利用VectorControl.Net组件进行DWG与SVG文件格式的转换研究

随着信息化要求的不断提高,我们对于测量数据的管理,已经不仅限于电子归档和建库管理,还必须做到能基于网络发布测量数据及其属性数据,使数据管理更加直观、高效,甚至实现与客户端进行友好地交互体验。如今,AutoCAD图形文件作为测量数据中的重要数据格式,实现其网络发布已成为当前研究的热点。一种有效方式就是将DWG文件转换为基于XML(Extensible Markup Language)可扩展标记语言标准、专为网络设计的SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics)格式文件,再将SVG文件在网络上发布,从而实现基于网络的测量数据共享。对此,本文首先分析了DWG文件的数据格式,并采用Automation ActiveX二次开发技术获取DWG文件中图形元素的几何信息和属性信息。其次,分析了SVG文件的格式及其与DWG文件格式的图元映射关系,给出了部分转化代码。然后介绍了VectorControl.Net组件的使用,最后讨论了如何转换DWG文件到基于控件生成的SVG文件,便于网络发布。

综合提升新能源高占比受端电网小干扰和暂态电压稳定性的SVG优化配置方法

由于新能源发电设备的弱支撑性,新能源高占比的受端电网的电压支撑强度难以满足系统安全稳定运行的要求。为了解决现有静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)配置方法未能充分提升系统小干扰电压稳定性和暂态电压稳定性的问题,提出了一种综合考虑系统小干扰电压稳定和暂态电压稳定的SVG优化配置方法。首先,在第一阶段考虑SVG投资运行总成本和系统小干扰电压稳定裕度,在第二阶段引入SVG接入对系统故障后暂态电压稳定裕度的影响。然后,利用基于组合赋权法和相对熵距离的改进理想解法得到最优配置方案。最后,应用PSDBPA对新能源高占比受端电网算例进行分析,验证了所提配置方法能充分发挥SVG对系统电压稳定的提升作用。

SVG协同双馈风电场的暂态控制策略研究

为了充分考虑装设静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)的双馈风电场故障状况下的非线性特性,使用一种参数自适应超扭曲滑模控制器(super-twisting adaptive sliding mode control,STASMC)对多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)系统的零动态(zero dynamics,ZD)方法进行改进,提出一种ZD-STASMC方法来协调控制双馈机组和SVG。使用ZD方法将原始系统部分线性化,简化了控制设计任务。为了进一步提高在参数不确定性和外部扰动下的电压调节能力,将ZD方法与STASMC相结合。通过STASMC构造辅助输入提升了ZD方法的鲁棒性,减少了建模误差和实际过程中各种误差的影响。改进后的ZD方法减小了线性化误差的影响,加强了双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)的暂态性能。最后,通过算例系统在三相故障下的仿真验证了所提ZD-STASMC控制的有效性。

构网型逆变器与SVG并联系统无功功率协调控制策略

以静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)为例,针对构网型逆变器和SVG并联系统的电压稳定性问题,提出构网型逆变器与SVG并联系统无功功率协调控制策略。将并联系统的运行状态总结为四种工况,通过工况识别、无功补偿量计算、无功功率分配策略、工况切换,来协调不同工况下构网型逆变器与SVG注入公共耦合点的无功功率,使并联系统在各种情况下均可稳定可靠工作。在MATLAB中搭建模型并进行仿真,结果表明所提控制策略可以实现工况的快速识别与切换、无功补偿量的计算、无功功率的分配,以及对公共耦合点电压的快速支撑。

Recent Progress in Reinforcement Learning and Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Advanced Control Applications

Reinforcement learning(RL) has roots in dynamic programming and it is called adaptive/approximate dynamic programming(ADP) within the control community. This paper reviews recent developments in ADP along with RL and its applications to various advanced control fields. First, the background of the development of ADP is described, emphasizing the significance of regulation and tracking control problems. Some effective offline and online algorithms for ADP/adaptive critic control are displayed, where the main results towards discrete-time systems and continuous-time systems are surveyed, respectively.Then, the research progress on adaptive critic control based on the event-triggered framework and under uncertain environment is discussed, respectively, where event-based design, robust stabilization, and game design are reviewed. Moreover, the extensions of ADP for addressing control problems under complex environment attract enormous attention. The ADP architecture is revisited under the perspective of data-driven and RL frameworks,showing how they promote ADP formulation significantly.Finally, several typical control applications with respect to RL and ADP are summarized, particularly in the fields of wastewater treatment processes and power systems, followed by some general prospects for future research. Overall, the comprehensive survey on ADP and RL for advanced control applications has d emonstrated its remarkable potential within the artificial intelligence era. In addition, it also plays a vital role in promoting environmental protection and industrial intelligence.

高压级联SVG电流PR控制策略

对SVG在出现无功阶跃扰动时的补偿控制进行深入研究。SVG在无功功率调节时,如果出现阶跃扰动,无功功率的调节会直接影响有功功率的调节,这是因为传统的旋转坐标系控制方法对于有功功率和无功功率的控制环路之间存在耦合关系。为此,文中引入了有功和无功的解耦控制。另外,无功的阶跃信号会引起直流母线电压的突变,故将直流分量引入装置侧输出电流的值,并将这个直流分量滤除,保证控制的稳定性。最后在仿真的基础上,以光伏电站为背景对所提方法进行现场验证,结果充分证明了该算法的有效性。

发电机组低负荷下的SVG无功补偿技术应用分析

低负荷运行容易导致发电机组无功功率不足、电压不稳定等问题,影响电力系统的稳定性和可靠性。探讨了在发电机组低负荷条件下应用静止无功发生器(SVG)技术进行无功补偿的途径。分析了SVG在维持电压稳定、改善功率因数以及减轻低负荷运行对发电机组的不良影响等方面的表现和有效性,并通过实验和仿真开展评估验证。

Finite-time Prescribed Performance Time-Varying Formation Control for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems With Non-Strict Feedback Based on a Neural Network Observer

This paper studies the problem of time-varying formation control with finite-time prescribed performance for nonstrict feedback second-order multi-agent systems with unmeasured states and unknown nonlinearities.To eliminate nonlinearities,neural networks are applied to approximate the inherent dynamics of the system.In addition,due to the limitations of the actual working conditions,each follower agent can only obtain the locally measurable partial state information of the leader agent.To address this problem,a neural network state observer based on the leader state information is designed.Then,a finite-time prescribed performance adaptive output feedback control strategy is proposed by restricting the sliding mode surface to a prescribed region,which ensures that the closed-loop system has practical finite-time stability and that formation errors of the multi-agent systems converge to the prescribed performance bound in finite time.Finally,a numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the developed algorithm.

Vibration Control of A Flexible Marine Riser System Subject to Input Dead Zone and Extraneous Disturbances

An observer-based adaptive backstepping boundary control is proposed for vibration control of flexible offshore riser systems with unknown nonlinear input dead zone and uncertain environmental disturbances.The control algorithm can update the control law online through real-time data to make the controller adapt to the environment and improve the control precision.Specifically,based on the adaptive backstepping framework,virtual control laws and Lyapunov functions are designed for each subsystem.Three direction interference observers are designed to track the timevarying boundary disturbance.On this basis,the inverse of the dead zone and linear state transformation are used to compensate for the original system and eliminate the adverse effects of the dead zone.In addition,the stability of the closed-loop system is proven by Lyapunov stability theory.All the system states are bounded,and the vibration offset of the riser converges to a small area of the initial position.Finally,four examples of flexible marine risers are simulated in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

高压SVG级联H桥模块等电位研究

高压级联型SVG装置由数个H桥模块级联而成,由于其电压等级、绝缘要求高,H桥模块不接地,处于悬浮状态。IGBT工作会产生大量的热量,因此开关器件衬底需要紧贴散热器表面以更好的散热,但同时也形成了较大的分布电容。散热器受IGBT开关电压和分布电容影响会感应电压,悬浮散热器就相当于电磁辐射源,会产生严重的电磁干扰。本文通过建立H桥模块近场耦合模型,分析了散热器悬浮的危害,并搭建仿真模型进行验证。最后针对散热器悬浮及等电位联结对模块电磁干扰影响的研究,搭建试验平台,通过多维度比较,最终得到散热器直流中点等电位联结为最佳方式。

A Control Method for SVG Based on Differential Geometry Nonlinear Control

The control method for SVG is researched in this paper. Based on the working mechanism of SVG, the logic switch function is introduced to establish the dynamic mathematic model. A differential geometry variable control method is provided and the differential geometry linear theory is used to convert the nonlinear system to a linear system. Then based on the former work the control of SVG is devised. Finally, the control of SVG is simulated and the result shows the differential geometry nonlinear control is robust and stable comparative to the traditional PID control method and it is an effective to control the SVG.

基于LADRC的双馈风机与SVG协调控制的并网系统研究

为了解决双馈风机(doubly fed induction generator,DFIG)在并网或运行时给电网带来的稳定性问题,提出了静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)与DFIG协同补偿无功的方法,并在此基础上通过线性自抗扰控制(linear active disturbance rejection control,LADRC)代替传统的PI控制来控制变流器,以及加装超级电容储能对DFIG的变流器直流侧控制进行优化。最后结合风电场的实际情况,在MATLAB中搭建了使用LADRC的含超级电容的双馈风机并网模型,并对其并网时的交直流波动以及无功功率的传输进行了仿真分析,实验结果验证了该控制策略可以提高双馈风机稳定运行的能力,解决功率波动时变流器交直流侧功率不平衡的问题,与SVG的协同控制策略可以提高系统的低电压穿越能力,提高了整个风力发电系统的稳定性。

Control of highly pathogenic avian influenza through vaccination

The stamping-out strategy has been used to control highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in many countries,driven by the belief that vaccination would not be successful against such viruses and fears that avian influenza virus in vaccinated birds would evolve more rapidly and pose a greater risk to humans.In this review,we summarize the successes in controlling highly pathogenic avian influenza in China and make suggestions regarding the requirements for vaccine selection and effectiveness.In addition,we present evidence that vaccination of poultry not only eliminates human infection with avian influenza virus,but also significantly reduces and abolishes some harmful characteristics of avian influenza virus.

An Integrated Control Framework for Torque Vectoring and Active Suspension System

Four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles(FWID-EV)endow a flexible and scalable control framework to improve vehicle performance.This paper integrates the torque vectoring and active suspension system(ASS)to enhance the vehicle’s longitudinal and vertical motion control performance.While the nonlinear characteristic of the tire model leads to a relatively heavier computational burden.To facilitate the controller design and ease the load,a half-vehicle dynamics system is built and simplified to the linear-time-varying(LTV)model.Then a model predictive controller is developed by formulating the objective function by comprehensively considering the safety,energy-saving and comfort requirements.The in-wheel motor efficiency and the power loss of tire slip are treated as optimization indices in this work to reduce energy consumption.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through the rapid-control-prototype(RCP)test.The results demonstrate the enhancement of the energy-saving as well as comfort on the basis of vehicle stability.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control lie at the heart of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The dramatic increase in intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow.Mitochondria are directly affected by direct factors such as ischemia,hypoxia,excitotoxicity,and toxicity of free hemoglobin and its degradation products,which trigger mitochondrial dysfunction.Dysfunctional mitochondria release large amounts of reactive oxygen species,inflammatory mediators,and apoptotic proteins that activate apoptotic pathways,further damaging cells.In response to this array of damage,cells have adopted multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms through evolution,including mitochondrial protein quality control,mitochondrial dynamics,mitophagy,mitochondrial biogenesis,and intercellular mitochondrial transfer,to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions.Specific interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of recent research advances in mitochondrial pathophysiological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage,particularly mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.It also presents potential therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial quality control in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A Blockchain-Based Access Control Scheme for Reputation Value Attributes of the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things(IoT)access controlmechanism may encounter security issues such as single point of failure and data tampering.To address these issues,a blockchain-based IoT reputation value attribute access control scheme is proposed.Firstly,writing the reputation value as an attribute into the access control policy,and then deploying the access control policy in the smart contract of the blockchain system can enable the system to provide more fine-grained access control;Secondly,storing a large amount of resources fromthe Internet of Things in Inter Planetary File System(IPFS)to improve system throughput;Finally,map resource access operations to qualification tokens to improve the performance of the access control system.Complete simulation experiments based on the Hyperledger Fabric platform.Fromthe simulation experimental results,it can be seen that the access control system can achieve more fine-grained and dynamic access control while maintaining high throughput and low time delay,providing sufficient reliability and security for access control of IoT devices.