Total Amount Control Test of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Phosphate Fertilizer on Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize the suitable application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for winter wheat.[Method] A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the yield of winter wheat.[Result]The quadratic simulation function between the application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.6611x^2＋20.091 x ＋234.85,with a correlation coefficient of0.970 8,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of 228.0 kg/hm^2.The quadratic simulation function between the application of phosphate fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.572 6x^2＋13.168 x ＋340.4,with a correlation coefficient of 0.921 95,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of phosphate fertilizer of 172.5 kg/hm^2.[Conclusion] This study provides a scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on winter wheat.

Study on the Total Amount Control of Atmospheric Pollutant Based on GIS

To provide effective environmental management for total amount control of atmospheric pollutants. Methods An atmospheric diffusion model of sulfur dioxide on the surface of the earth was established and tested in Shantou of Guangdong Province on the basis of an overall assessment of regional natural environment, social economic state of development, pollution sources and atmospheric environmental quality. Compared with actual monitoring results in a studied region, simulation values fell within the range of two times of error and were evenly distributed in the two sides of the monitored values. Predicted with the largest emission model method, the largest emission of sulfur dioxide would be 54 279.792 tons per year in 2010. Conclusion The mathematical model established and revised on the basis of GIS is more rational and suitable for the regional characteristics of total amount control of air pollutants.

Harmoniousness analysis of total amount control of water use

Based on the fundamental principles of total amount control of water use, the harmony theory was used in this study to develop a concept of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use. Based on this concept, the harmoniousness of total amount control of water use was analyzed in terms of the supply and demand of water resources, water resources management, water use benefits, and water-saving level. An evaluation index system of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was established, and a method for calculation of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and fuzzy comprehensive analysis （FCA） methods. The new evaluation index system was applied to a certain area in Jiangsu Province, China. The degree of harmony of total amount control of water use over this area was calculated for different years. Results indicate that the evaluation index system and calculation method proposed in this study are feasible, and such a harmoniousness analysis can provide scientific references for the strict water resources management system that will be implemented in China in the near future.

Study on the Environmental Quality Guarantee Ratio on the Basis of Total Air Pollutant Emission Amount Control

The hourly and daily air quality concentration in the total air pollutant emission amount control zone is not sure to be continuously up to national ambient air quality standard, even though the total annual air pollutant emission is permitted under the total air pollutant emission amount control (TAPEAC) on the basis of A-value method. So the concept of the environmental quality guarantee ratio (EQGR) for TAPEAC is advanced in this paper and its quantitative formula is figured out for both hourly and daily EQGR. It is concluded that the EQGR is related with the yearly arrangement of A-value besides the pollutant type. According to the meteorological data in a lower area along Yangtze River in 2000, the yearly A-value trend is analyzed. Based on the data, the hourly EQGR of SO 2 and NO 2 is respectively 97.4% and 90.2%, and daily EQGR respectively 90.2% and 79.5%.

How Do Power Enterprises Deal with Total Quantity Control

This paper describes the relation and difference of "emission up to standards" and "total quantity control" ofmain atmospheric pollutants, as well as their legal status. It points out that the total quantity control is a good approachto solve a problem that environmental quality do not yet reach the requirements in an area where emission concentrationhas came up to standards, or to solve a problem that the interregional transportation of pollutants (e. g. acid rain) arises.And further, it put forward five proposals for the total quantity control.[

China's Total Emission Control Policy:a Critical Review

As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission control policy in the past 10 years and explore emerging issues in its implementation. The article has three sections: a summary of the implementation experience, issues with the design and implementation of the policy, and policy recommendations.

Three-Dimensional Water Quality Model Based on FVCOM for Total Load Control Management in Guan River Estuary,Northern Jiangsu Province

Guan River Estuary and adjacent coastal area(GREC) suffer from serious pollution and eutrophicational problems over the recent years.Thus,reducing the land-based load through the national pollutant total load control program and developing hydrodynamic and water quality models that can simulate the complex circulation and water quality kinetics within the system,including longitudinal and lateral variations in nutrient and COD concentrations,is a matter of urgency.In this study,a three-dimensional,hydrodynamic,water quality model was developed in GREC,Northern Jiangsu Province.The complex three-dimensional hydrodynamics of GREC were modeled using the unstructured-grid,finite-volume,free-surface,primitive equation coastal ocean circulation model(FVCOM).The water quality model was adapted from the mesocosm nutrients dynamic model in the south Yellow Sea and considers eight compartments:dissolved inorganic nitrogen,soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP),phytoplankton,zooplankton,detritus,dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP),and chemical oxygen demand.The hydrodynamic and water quality models were calibrated and confirmed for 2012 and 2013.A comparison of the model simulations with extensive dataset shows that the models accurately simulate the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamics and water quality.The model can be used for total load control management to improve water quality in this area.

Impacts of Total Energy Consumption Control and Energy Quota Allocation on China′s Regional Economy Based on A 30-region Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.

广泛应用于电信行业的 Total Control新版本增加新特性

３Ｃｏｍ公司最近推出的ＴｏｔａｌＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ系统（ＴＣＳ）版本３．６包含向用户提供更快捷性能和扩展业务新选择的新型强力工具。ＴＣＳ识别ＴｏｔａｌＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ内许多构件的互操作性和测试组合。这些新特性包括三个重要的增加项和一系列变化，它们均包含在与...

Unique influences of reboiler inventory control on the operation of totally reboiled reactive distillation columns

In this work,the dynamics and operation of the totally reboiled reactive distillation columns are visualized in terms of transfer function based process models.This kind of processes is found to be characterized by underdamped step responses due to the special topological configuration and the intricate interplay between the reaction operation and the separation operation involved.The under-dampness can be substantially alleviated through the tight inventory control of bottom reboiler and this presents beneficial effects to process dynamics and operation.Two totally reboiled reactive distillation columns,separating,respectively,a hypothetical synthesis reaction from reactants A and B to product C,and a real decomposition reaction from 1,4-butanediol to tetrahydrofuran and water,are employed to demonstrate these uncommon behaviors.The results obtained give full support to the above qualitative interpretation.Despite the strong influences of reaction kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the reacting mixtures,the totally reboiled reactive distillation columns are generally considered to present such unique behaviors and require tight inventory control of bottom reboiler to facilitate their control system development.

Control study of short-term curative effect of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty using metal-on-metal large-diameter femoral head for the elderly patients with femoral neck fractures

Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the elderly patients

基于水环境容量的污染物总量控制研究

目前有关水环境容量和污染物总量控制的理论研究已经非常成熟,我国污染物总量控制正在由目标总量控制向理想状态的容量总量控制过渡。本文将污染物总量控制与水环境容量的研究发展相结合,阐述了污染物总量控制的具体方法,并以水环境数学模型为例详细介绍了污染物控制总量的确定及总量分配。根据研究进展和工作实际指出,当地方经济发展与环境保护处于对立面时,现有的目标总量控制以及总量分配难免会有失偏颇,建议探索出一条适合我国国情的中国特色容量总量控制和总量分配方法。

Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

This paper tries to integrate game theory, a very useful tool to resolve conflict phenomena, with optimal capital cost allocation issue in total emission control. First the necessity of allocating optimal capital costs fairly and reasonably among polluters in total emission control was analyzed. Then the possibility of applying game theory to the issue of the optimal capital cost allocation was expounded. Next the cooperative N person game model of the optimal capital cost allocation and its solution ways including method based on Shapley value, least core method, weak least core methods, proportional least core method, CGA method, MCRS method and so on were delineated. Finally through application of these methods it was concluded that to apply game theory in the optimal capital cost allocation issue is helpful to implement the total emission control planning schemes successfully, to control pollution effectively, and to ensure sustainable development.

Design and Control of Self-Heat Recuperative Distillation Process for Separation of Close-Boiling Mixtures: n-Butanol and iso-Butanol

In order to explore the advantages of self-heat recuperative distillation(SHRD) process, the design and control of the SHRD process was studied for the separation of n-butanol and iso-butanol mixtures. The economic superiority of SHRD process is presented when a comparison on the total annual cost(TAC) of the conventional distillation process, the vapor recompression distillation process and the SHRD process was made. For the SHRD process, 37.74% and 11.35% savings of TAC can be achieved as compared to the conventional distillation process and vapor recompression distillation process, respectively. The dynamic characteristics of this promising SHRD sequence had been studied, and the dynamic responses demonstrated that 10% changes in both feed flow rate and feed composition can be well handled by the control strategy with dual-temperature control. It is proven that the SHRD system not only can provide economical savings but also can operate normally with good controllability.

南昌市总额控制下按病组分值付费医保支付方式改革实践

医保支付方式改革是深化医改的重要环节。南昌市于2020年开始实行总额控制下按病组分值付费的医保支付方式改革,取得良好成效。医保统筹基金支出运行平稳,定点医疗机构医保资金略有盈余,对定点医疗机构约束效果明显,人均住院费用和平均住院天数均不同程度下降,引导医疗机构主动合理控费。后续需要精细化设置质量系数考核指标,制定激励措施鼓励医疗新技术新项目的开展。

Investigation of Current Control Techniques of AC-DC Interleaved Boost PFC Converter

This paper presents the comparison of various current control strategies employed for an interleaved power factor correction (PFC) boost converter for improving the power quality. The major control strategies discussed in this paper are: peak current control, average current control, hysteresis control, borderline current control and non-linear control. These strategies are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance of the proposed converter is compared under open loop and closed loop operation. From the results, the input current waveform was close to input voltage waveform implying improved power factor and reduced total harmonic distortion for nonlinear current control technique. Experimental results validate the proposed method.

控制单元污染源排污许可总量限值优化研究——以永定河流域为例

排污许可证制度是目前普遍采用的水环境管理的重要制度之一,在水污染控制和水环境质量改善中发挥着重要作用。通过将基于水环境容量约束和基于流域排放标准的允许排放量进行对比,构建了控制单元排污许可总量限值管理模式和污染源排污许可总量限值优化方法。基于永定河流域典型控制单元的实证研究表明,在执行流域排放标准时,北京段典型控制单元可满足水环境质量改善需求,但张家口段典型控制单元仍需要削减CODCr210.388 t/a。张家口段典型控制单元内2家污水处理厂上游间接排放固定源需分别削减CODCr0.002和32.039 t/a。

邯郸市东部平原区目标ET分析

在全球水资源稀缺的大环境下,我国的水资源也面临着诸多严重的问题,基于水资源状况,想要实现水资源协调可持续发展必须得提高对水资源总量管理的科学性,本文以邯郸市东部平原区为研究对象,采用相应目标ET计算方法,对研究区不同水平年目标ET进行确定分析。结果表明,1990-2012年系列多年平均目标ET为46.2亿m^(3),降水~可消耗ET的线性相关程度较高,相关系数为0.9559;经计算,丰水年、平水年、枯水年目标ET分别为50.1亿m^(3),47.1亿m^(3),44.3亿m^(3)。目标ET的确定可提高对水资源总量管理的科学性。

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺案例回顾与思考

重庆某地生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理规模为100 m3/d,主体工艺流程采用“预处理+生化MBR+膜过滤”工艺,运行3年出水水质稳定达到GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》表2标准。针对工程运行情况,从运行特点、存在问题、优化建议等几方面进行了回顾和思考,分别给出了使用无浓缩液的工艺、规模需适当扩大1.4~2.0倍、对渗滤液总量控制要在场区内外都实施的优化建议,可对今后渗滤液处理工程的建设提供借鉴。

论新时代排污许可制度与污染物总量控制制度的衔接策略

在新一轮改革中,应将排污许可制度作为管理核心制度。为了推动排污管理制度落实,改革和完善需要相关制度,因此,需要做好排污许可制度和污染物总量控制制度的衔接。本文分析了排污许可制度的优势,根据现实情况探讨污染物许可制度的保障措施,并针对具体制度提出衔接策略。通过研究,保证两种制度的有效衔接,并推动制度改革的有效落实。