Effect of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Process Coupled to Drying and Freezing on Antioxidant Activity of Green “Poblano” Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>L.)

Different food operations have been intensified through assisting them by instant controlled pressure drop DIC treatment. Such processes should be defined in order to preserve the main nutritional and sensorial contents of the raw material. The present paper is dedicated to study the evolution of the main bioactive compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) and functional properties such as the antioxidant activity of processed samples in the case of Green “Poblano” Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Results issued from DIC-assisted hot air drying, and DIC-assisted freezing, allowed to identifying the impact of DIC studied operating parameters, which were the saturated steam pressure and the processing time, and the best DIC treatment correlated with the considered operation.

Energy Analysis of Pid Controlled Heat Pump Dryer

In this experimental study, a heat pump dryer was designed and manufactured, in which drying air temperature was controlled PID. Manufactured heat pump dryer was tested in drying kiwi, avocado and banana from among tropical fruits and energy and exergy analyses were made. Drying air temperature changed between 40 oC - 40.2 oC while drying the tropical fruits. Before the drying process in heat pump dryer, initial moisture contents were determined as 4.31 g water / g dry matter for kiwi, 1.51 g water / g dry matter for avocado and 4.71 g water / g dry matter for banana. Then tropical fruits were dried separately in heat pump dryer. Drying air temperature was kept unchanged with the error of +0.2 oC. Drying air velocity changed between 0.3 and 0.4 m/s in a period of 310 min. COPws of the heat pump dryer was calculated as 2.49 for kiwi, 2.47 for banana and 2.41 for avocado during the experiments. EUR changed between 13 % and 28 % for kiwi, 18% and 33% for avocado and 13% and 42% for banana in heat pump dryer.

油菜薹中啶虫脒残留质控样品的制备与评价

为保障油菜薹中啶虫脒农药残留快速检测结果的准确性和可靠性,建立油菜薹中啶虫脒质控样品的制备方法并进行评价。采用基质加标、真空冷冻干燥的方法制备冻干质控样品。采用液相色谱质谱串联的检测方法对质控样品中的啶虫脒含量进行测定,通过随机抽样检验以评估样品的均匀性,通过观察质控样品在一个月内啶虫脒含量变化以评估样品的稳定性。该方法制备的油菜薹中啶虫脒农药残留质控样品均匀性和稳定性良好,便于储存和运输,适用于快检产品验证、盲样考核等快速检测领域。本研究建立了一种流程简单的油菜薹冻干粉质控样品制备方法,为蔬菜中农药残留质控样品制备共性关键技术研究提供了数据参考。

干血斑保存温度对新生儿遗传代谢病筛查结果的影响

目的探讨血斑卡在不同储存温度条件下对筛查标志物检测结果的影响,为提高新生儿遗传代谢病筛查前样本质量提供参考依据。方法纳入宜宾市妇幼保健院新生儿100例,每例采集干血斑3份,分别放置于2~8℃冷藏、20~24℃常温及37℃孵箱三种不同温度,储存48小时后进行新生儿遗传代谢病筛查,对不同储存条件下的结果进行分析。结果TSH、Phe、17α-OHP及G-6-PD四项指标的在不同保存条件下的检测结果均存在差异(P<0.05)。以低温存储的样本作为参考,发现37℃储存样本检测结果的精密度、及与参考值的相关性相对于常温存储均有所下降。从筛查结果的角度,37℃样本检测中产生了大量的假阳性结果,尤其是在G-6-PD缺乏症的检测中,假阳性率达到了90%。结论样本保存不当可能影响检测精密度、增加检测假阳性率。干血斑样本应尽量在低温运输及存储,尤其应当避免暴露于37℃及以上的环境,避免因保存不当产生假阳性结果。

基于模糊控制的高温热泵果脯干燥系统设计

针对高温热泵干燥技术替代传统蒸汽或热风干燥在果脯烘干中的应用场景,研制高温热泵干燥系统。结合热交换器结构与换热特性,分析果脯干燥工艺特点,将模糊逻辑控制应用于热泵干燥过程;考虑干燥箱的热场分布、温度梯度控制与干燥时间的耦合,对模糊控制器、模糊规则表进行详细设计,采用可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)控制的热泵干燥控制系统进行龙眼干燥实验测试。结果表明,模糊控制具有良好的稳态和瞬态性能,具有温度调节快、误差小、干燥效率高、节能效果好等优势,适用于干燥工艺复杂、温度调节要求高、减少人为干预影响品质的果蔬类农产品深加工。

湘味卤豆干中腐败微生物的分离鉴定及控制

目的:更好地控制湘味卤豆干腐败微生物的生长,保证湘味卤豆干的食品安全。方法:采用平板划线法进行初筛,结合菌落形态观察、革兰氏染色、16S rDNA和ITS序列鉴定湘味卤豆干中的腐败微生物。结果:共分离筛选得到9株菌株,KZ2780-3和KZ2780-4为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、NZ2559-1为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、JZ2559-5为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、FZ2559-2为肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、SZ2641-5为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)、RZ2641-7为溶血性葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus haemolyticus)、BZ2780-1为鲍氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baui)、CZ2780-5为橘青霉(Penicillium citri)。结论:引起湘味卤豆干腐败的菌株是枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、屎肠球菌、溶血性葡萄球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、橘青霉。湘味卤豆干的控制方法是超高温瞬时杀菌技术、等离子体杀菌技术、天然抑菌物质结合生物防腐剂、真空包装、气调保鲜等。

含35种诊断标志物的新生儿筛查干血片质控物的研制

目的研制基于我国人群血液基质的含35种诊断标志物的新生儿筛查干血片质控物。方法通过外源添加方式,将包含13种氨基酸、19种肉碱及琥珀酰丙酮、乳清酸、溶血膦酯酰胆碱-26等35种诊断标志物添加到中国人群血液基质中,混合后再滴定滤纸上风干,得到高、低浓度新生儿筛查干血片质控物。采用非衍生化流动注射串联质谱法对干血片质控物进行均匀性、稳定性测试。结果干血片质控物均匀性良好,35个诊断标志物的检测浓度值在靶值3个标准偏差(±3SD)范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.01%~16.67%;45℃存储条件下,该质控物可保存至少9 d;-20℃存储条件下,6个月稳定性良好。结论研制的干血片质控物,可用于新生儿筛查实验室的室内质控。

Self-adaptive PID controller of microwave drying rotary device tuning on-line by genetic algorithms

The control design, based on self-adaptive PID with genetic algorithms(GA) tuning on-line was investigated, for the temperature control of industrial microwave drying rotary device with the multi-layer(IMDRDWM) and with multivariable nonlinear interaction of microwave and materials. The conventional PID control strategy incorporated with optimization GA was put forward to maintain the optimum drying temperature in order to keep the moisture content below 1%, whose adaptation ability included the cost function of optimization GA according to the output change. Simulations on five different industrial process models and practical temperature process control system for selenium-enriched slag drying intensively by using IMDRDWM were carried out systematically, indicating the reliability and effectiveness of control design. The parameters of proposed control design are all on-line implemented without iterative predictive calculations, and the closed-loop system stability is guaranteed, which makes the developed scheme simpler in its synthesis and application, providing the practical guidelines for the control implementation and the parameter design.

Evaluation of New Formulation of Oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) for Weed Control Efficacy and Bulb Yield in Onion

A field experiment were conducted for two years at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during kharif season of 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) on weed control in onion. Weeds constitute one of the biggest problems in agriculture that not only reduce the yield and quality of onion but also utilize essential nutrients. Hence, weed control is essential for increasing onion production. Based on two years field experimentation, it was found that pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) at400 g.ha-1 gave significantly lower total weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the intervals. Application of new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) at200 g.ha-1 as pre-emergence herbicide can keep the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increase the bulb weight (42.56 and43.87 g) and yield (15940 and15610 kg.ha-1) in onion. Unweeded control accounted for lower bulb yield which inturn reflected through higher weed index of 60.6 and 56.1 per cent, respectively during both the years, due to heavy competition of weeds for nutrients, space and light.

A mathematical model for optimized operation and controlin a CDQ-Boiler system

Based on analyzing the thermal process of a CDQ （coke dry quenching）-Boiler system, the mathematical model for opti-mized operation and control in the CDQ-Boiler system was developed. It includes a mathematical model for heat transferring process in the CDQ unit, a mathematical model for heat transferring process in the boiler and a combustion model for circulating gas in the CDQ-Boiler system. The model was verified by field data, then a series of simulations under several typical operating conditions of CDQ-Boiler were carried on, and in turn, the online relation formulas between the productivity and the optimal circulating gas, and the one between the productivity and the optimal second air, were achieved respectively. These relation equations have been success- fully used in a CDQ-Boiler computer control system in the Baosteel, to realize online optimized guide and control, and meanwhile high efficiency in the CDQ-Boiler system has been achieved.

Moisture Control Methods in Silk Reeling Process of Tobacco Based on the Random Forest Regression

The moisture control of materials in silk reeling technology of tobacco is regarded as the key factor influencing the inner quality of cigarette. In this paper, according to the statistical data of the silk reeling production line of Yunyan (Ruanzhen brand) of Qujing cigarette factory from June 2013 to May 2014, it is feasible to apply the random forest regression model to study the problem of moisture control theoretically. In the perfuming stage of silk reeling, a random forest regression model is established to describe the change of moisture content of finished cut tobacco in the export link of perfuming stage, aroused by several factors including incoming water content and different environment. According to the model, good moisture control in the export link of perfuming stage (accordance with the technological standards) can be realized by adjusting the regulating reference value of incoming moisture under specific workshop environments. In the drying stage of silk reeling, the most effective method of moisture control is to adjust the cylinder wall temperature by means of analyzing the correlation coefficients among variables which influence the moisture content of cut tobacco in the export link of drying stage and then establishing another random forest regression model. And this method is consistent with the traditional production experiences. In conclusion, these methods referred above provide strong theoretical basis for stable moisture control in the export link of perfuming stage.

Remote Monitoring of Surfaces Wetted for Dust Control on the Dry Owens Lakebed, California

Extensive dust control on the dry Owens Lake mainly uses constructed basins that are flooded with shallow depths of fresh water. This dust control is mandated by law as a minimum percent of the area of each individual wetting basin. Wetted surfaces are evaluated for area and degree of wetness using the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band of Landsat TM, or similar earth observation satellite sensor. The SWIR region appropriate for these measurements lies within the electromagnetic spectrum between about 1.5 and 1.8 μm wavelengths. A threshold value for Landsat TM5 band 5 reflectance of 0.19 was found to conform with surfaces having a threshold for adequate wetting at a nascent point where rapid drying would occur following loss of capillary connection with groundwater. This threshold is robust and requires no atmospheric correction for the effects of aerosol scatter and attenuation as long as the features on the image appear clear. Monthly monitoring of surface wetting has proven accurate, verifiable and repeatable using these methods. This threshold can be calibrated for any Earth observation satellite that records the appropriate SWIR region. The monitoring program is expected to provide major input for the final phase of the dust control program that will have a focus to conserve water and resources.

食品安全快速检测冻干质控样品研究进展

快速检测技术因快速、简便、准确、灵敏等优点被广泛用于食品和食用农产品的快速筛查,已成为基层食品安全监管的重要技术支撑。快速检测实验室常用冻干质控样品进行质量控制,但目前食品安全快速检测应用中还存在一些有待解决的问题,如快检产品质量参差不齐影响检测结果准确性等。本文主要综述了冻干质控样品的特点、制备、评价方式以及在食品安全快速检测中的应用,并对其发展前景及面临的挑战进行了总结与展望。

Effect of Halosulfuron Rate and Application Timing on Volunteer Azuki Bean Control in White Bean

Three field experiments were carried out during 2017-2019 at the University of Guelph Huron Research Station near Exeter, Ontario, Canada to determine the effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 or 50 g∙ai∙ha-1) and application timing (POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3) on volunteer azuki bean control in white bean. At POST 1, halosulfuron at 25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 controlled volunteer azuki bean 46% - 50% at 1 week after application (WAA), controlled decreased to 16% - 25% at 8 WAA. At POST 2, volunteer azuki bean controlled decreased from 34% - 39% at 1 WAA to 17% - 27% at 8 WAA. A similar trend was observed at POST 3. Halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 reduced biomass 49%, 64% and 69%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST 2 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g∙ai∙ha-1, but decreased biomass 51% at 37.5 g∙ai∙ha-1 and 49% at 50 g∙ai∙ha-1. Similarly, halosulfuron applied POST 3 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g∙ai∙ha-1, but decreased biomass 40% at 37.5 g∙ai∙ha-1 and 44% at 50 g∙ai∙ha-1. There was as much as 19%, 22% and 25% dockage with halosulfuron applied POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3, respectively. Volunteer azuki bean interference reduced white bean yield 40%. Reduced volunteer azuki bean interference with halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 37.5 or 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 resulted in an increase in white bean yield relative to the weedy control;however white yield was less than the weed-free control. This study concludes that halosulfuron at rates and application timings evaluated does not provide adequate control of volunteer azuki bean in white bean.

基于西兰花尾菜为载体的解淀粉芽胞杆菌PHODG36颗粒剂研制及其对棉花黄萎病的防治效果

本研究以防病促生的解淀粉芽胞杆菌PHODG36为有效成分、西兰花尾菜干粉和草炭为载体研制出解淀粉芽胞杆菌颗粒剂,在温室和田间小区条件下,研究该颗粒剂对棉花出苗和植株生物量的影响,并评价其对棉花黄萎病的防治效果。结果表明,制备的颗粒剂外观为黑色、短柱状、平均长度为8 mm,芽胞含量为1.5×10^(9)CFU/g。与空白对照相比,培养基质中添加0.1%-0.5%颗粒剂的校正出苗率差异不显著,而随着颗粒剂用量的增加(1%和2%),棉花校正出苗率呈显著下降趋势。颗粒剂用量0.3%处理对棉花株高、植株鲜重和干重的促生率分别为14.53%、16.38%和17.05%。综合考虑上述因素,确定颗粒剂最佳用量为0.3%;温室防病试验表明,土壤中添加0.3%颗粒剂对棉花黄萎病的防治效果为61.60%。采用田间撒施法研究颗粒剂在500、1000和1500 kg/667 m^(2)剂量下对黄萎病的防治效果,结果表明该菌剂500 kg/667 m^(2)对黄萎病的防治效果最高,达到67.28%。综合分析表明,解淀粉芽胞杆菌颗粒剂能够有效降低黄萎病的发生,为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控提供了产品储备。

藏红花冻干泡腾片治疗原发性痛经气滞血瘀证的随机双盲对照临床研究

目的评价藏红花冻干泡腾片治疗气滞血瘀型原发性痛经的有效性及安全性,为其临床推广应用提供参考。方法采用前瞻性随机双盲安慰剂平行对照临床研究设计,纳入60例患者,区组随机分为治疗组与对照组,经过3个月洗脱期后,分别给予藏红花冻干泡腾片和安慰剂治疗2个月经周期,并连续随访2个月。结果对照组患者治疗前后无明显变化;治疗组患者治疗后症状明显减轻,与治疗前比较有显著差异;所有受试者均未出现不良反应。结论藏红花冻干泡腾片能够有效治疗气滞血瘀型原发性痛经,远期疗效和安全性较好,值得临床进一步深入研究。

基于HDT气流式烘梗机的控制优化提高烘梗风选出口水分稳定性

为进一步提高烘梗风选出口水分稳定性,降低制梗丝线的过程损耗率,稳定产品工艺质量,利用基于HDT气流式烘梗机的比例-积分-微分(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)控制系统进行优化改进,利用因子分析法、响应曲面法、全因子实验设计等方法,围绕各项设备参数、工艺流程设计等方面进行研究,优化HDT气流式烘梗机的控制模式和参数,减小烘梗风选出口水分的波动,并有效提升烘梗风选出口水分合格率。

烤烟非烟物质控制措施及成效分析

为控制烟叶原料中的杂物,为卷烟提供纯净化的原料,本文分析了烤烟中非烟物质的种类及来源,并从树立质量意识、大田生产、收购、分选、打叶复烤等方面提出了相应的控制措施。通过落实控制措施,烤烟Ⅰ类、ⅡⅢ类杂物含量分别下降86.84%~91.45%、50.59%,成品片烟ⅡⅢ类杂物含量下降50.59%。

叶面喷施稀土对千年桐幼苗生长和生理的影响

The seedlings of Vernicia montana derived from seeds soaking with water (the first group)or 300 mg5L -1 mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution (the second group) were treated with various concentrations of mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution by foliage spraying. The results showed that the seedling heights sprayed with 100 和 1 000 mg·L -1 of the first group and with 50 和 100 mg·L -1 of the second group were significantly higher than the controls, and the diameter at ground level sprayed with 300 mg·L -1 of the second group was significantly greater than the control, being 26.92% more than the latter; except for spraying with 0 mg5L -1 and 700～1 500 mg5L -1 of the second group, the seedling dry weight above ground of others was 29.13%～73.91% greater than the control, whereas the seedling dry weight under ground of others was 20.78%～116.88% greater than the control; the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b for all spraying seedling were 91.67%～191.67% and 87.5%～306.25% greater than the control, respectively, and soluble proteins and soluble sugars were 16.00%～179.78% and 10.73%～105.65% greater than the control, respectively. Compared with the control, the activity of SOD tended to increase, whereas the contents of MDA decreased. These indicated that spraying leaves with optimum concentration of mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution could markedly promote the growth of seedlings and improve resistance ability of V. montana seedlings to bad environment. On the whole, the effects of spraying the leaves of seedling with 50～500 mg5L -1 mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution, which were derived from seeds soaking with 300 mg·L -1 mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution, were good.

挂面干燥工艺研究及其关键参数分析

研究挂面干燥工艺对产品质量的影响,确定挂面干燥工艺的关键控制点.采用智能温度湿度记录仪在线监测烘房挂面干燥过程的温度和相对湿度;测定挂面干燥脱水曲线,以及干燥后挂面产品的水分含量、色泽和抗弯强度;应用相关性分析和逐步回归分析方法确定挂面干燥工艺参数与产品质量性状之间的关系,以及关键控制点.结果表明,挂面产品的水分含量、色泽a＊值和抗弯强度的变异系数较大,且与烘房温度和相对湿度的关系最为密切.烘房一区温度和四区相对湿度是挂面干燥过程的关键控制点.本研究为确定合理的挂面干燥工艺参数和关键控制点提供了依据.