Experimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber coupler

Coupling plane wave into a single-mode fiber （SMF） with high and steady coupling efficiency is crucial for fiber- based free-space laser systems, where random angular jitters are the main influencing factors of fiber coupling. In this paper, we verified a new adaptive-optic device named adaptive fiber coupler （AFC） which could compensate angular jitters and improve the SMF coupling efficiency in some degree. Experiments of SMF coupling under the angular jitter situation using AFC have been achieved. Stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is employed as the control strategy, of which the iteration rate is 625 Hz. In closed loop, the coupling efficiency keeps above 65% when angular errors are below 80/3tad. The compensation bandwidth is 35 Hz at sine-jitter of 15 ~rad amplitude with average coupling efficiency of above 60%. Also, experiments with simulated turbulence have been studied. The average coupling efficiency increases from 31.97% in open loop to 61.33% in closed loop, and mean square error （MSE） of coupling efficiency drops from 7.43% to 1.75%.

Identification of Bamboo Viscose Fibers and Conventional Viscose Fibers

Bamboo viscose fibers and conventional viscose fibers were measured by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analyzer/FTIR spectrometer (TG-FTIR) respectively. At last, the method based on the testing of the Fourier transform near infrared (NIR) spectra was proposed to identify these two kinds of fibers. The discrimination models between bamboo viscose fibers with conventional viscose fibers were built by means of Ward's algorithm and Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) after the first derivative and vector normalization pretreatment, and were verified finally. The results indicate that these two kinds of fibers are similar in their morphology both of cross-section and longitudinal direction. What's more, the FTIR spectra, the thermostability, and decomposition products of TG-FTIR experiment are similar, and the testing results contribute little to the effective identification of the two fibers. However, the accuracy of the NIR spectra model is high, and the two kinds of fibers can be classified into two separated groups to achieve the identification simply and exactly.

Wavelength dependent loss of splice of single-mode fibers

After reviewing three different definitions of mode field diameter of single-mode fibers, coupled efficiency calculation methods associated with lateral offset, longitude separation and wavelength, the effects produced by them, and the influences of splicing defects were discussed in detail. The regularities of the effects were studied according to the first order derivation of couple efficiency formula, and a simplified formula for couple efficiency calculation was presented under the circumstance of slight misalignment, with respect to wavelength, 2, and in a good agreement with the theoretical model. The simplified formula provides a new but simple approach to evaluate wavelength dependent couple efficiency of single-mode fibers. Theoretical analyses and numerical calculations show that, when those defects exist, the wavelength produces additional effects on the couple loss that growth of wavelength causes an increase on the couple efficiency for the lateral offset or longitude separation whereas lessens the couple efficiency due to angular misalignment or mode fields mismatching, and that the wavelength degrades the couple efficiency distinctly when λ≥2.5 μm whereas it distorts the couple slightly in range of λ≤2λ≤2 μm.

Single-mode antiresonant terahertz fiber based on mode coupling between core and cladding

Based on the index-induced mode coupling between the higher-order mode in core and the fundamental mode in cladding tubes,the single-mode operation can be realized in any antiresonant fibers(ARFs)when satisfying that the area ratio of cladding tube and core is about 0.46:1,and this area ratio also should be modified according to the shape and the number of cladding tubes.In the ARF with nodal core boundary,the mode in core also can couple with the mode in the wall of core boundary,which can further enhance the suppression of high-order mode.Accordingly,an ARF with conjoint semi-elliptical cladding tubes realizes a loss of higher-order mode larger than 30 dB/m;simultaneously,a loss of fundamental mode loss less than 0.4 dB/m.

FAST EVALUATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBERS

This paper describes a method for fast engineering evaluation of the transmission characteristicsof single-mode optical fibers.A versatile microcomputer program is presented which can be utilized to ana-lyze mode field characteristics of single-mode fibers with arbitrary refractive index profiles.Our computationshows that the mathematical algorithm and the corresponding programs developeod in this paper are rela-tively simple and accurate enough for the engineenring design of single-mode fibers for optical communica-tion systems.

Single-polarization single-mode hollow-core negative curvature fiber with nested U-type cladding elements

Hollow-core negative curvature fibers(HC-NCFs)have become one of the research hotspots in the field of optical fiber because of their potential applications in the data and energy transmissions.In this work,a new kind of single-polarization single-mode HC-NCF with nested U-type cladding elements is proposed.To achieve the single-polarization single-mode transmission,we use two different silica tubes in thickness,which satisfy the resonance and anti-resonance conditions on the U-type cladding elements and the cladding tubes,respectively.Besides,the elliptical elements are introduced to achieve good single-mode performance.By studying the influences of the structure parameters on the propagation characteristics,the optimized structure parameters are obtained.The simulation results show that when the wavelength is fixed at 1550 nm,the single-polarization single-mode transmission is achieved,with the polarization extinction ratio of 25749 and minimum high-order mode extinction ratio of 174.Furthermore,the confinement loss is only 0.0015 dB/m.

Frequency-stabilized Yb：fiber comb with a tapered single-mode fiber

We demonstrate a stable Yb：fiber frequency comb with supercontinuum generation by using a specially designed tapered single-mode fiber, in which a spectrum spanning from 500 nm to 1500 nm is produced. The carrier-envelope offset signal of the Yb：fiber comb is measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 40 dB and a linewidth narrower than 120 kHz. The repetition rate and carrier-envelope offset signals are simultaneously phase locked to a microwave reference frequency.

A tunable comb filter using single-mode/multimode/polarization-maintaining-fiber-based Sagnac fiber loop

A novel tunable comb filter composed of a single-mode/multimode/polarization-maintaining-fiber-based Sagnac fiber loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The filter tunability is achieved by rotating the polarization controller. The spectral shift is dependent on rotation direction and the position of the polarization controller. In addition, the adjustable range achieved by rotating the half-wave-plate polarization controller is twice higher than that of the quarter-wave-plate one.

Convention of Optical Vortices in Two-Helix Long-Period Fiber Gratings

An effective method to fabricate two-helix long-period fiber gratings （TH-LFGs） is presented. Based on the coupling mode theory, the conversion of optical vortices （OVs） in TH-LFGs are analyzed in detail. The conversions of OVs with different topological charges： 0 → ±2 and 1 → 3 are simulated as three examples and the conversion efficiency higher than 98% can be realized.

Self-starting all-fiber PM Er:laser mode locked by a biased nonlinear amplifying loop mirror

A compact all-fiber polarization-maintaining Er:laser using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror is reported. Fundamental single-pulse mode-locking operation can always self start, with a cavity round-trip decreased from ~ 4.7 m to~ 1.7 m. When the pulse repetition rate is 121.0328 MHz, output pulse is measured to have a center wavelength/3-d B spectral bandwidth/radio frequency signal to noise ratio(SNR)/pulse width of 1571.65 nm/18.70 nm/80 d B/477 fs, respectively. Besides, three states including the exponential growth, damping state, and steady state are investigated through the build-up process both experimentally and numerically. Excellent stability of this compact Er:laser is further evaluated,demonstrating that it can be an easy-fabrication maintenance-free ultrafast candidate for the scientific area of this kind.

Polarization Characteristics of the Deformed Low-Mode Fiber Waveguides with Polarization Conservation

In this work the results of polarization researches of low-optical fiber waveguides with conservation of polarization are presented. Obtained results quite convincingly testify regarding a high sensitivity low-mode regime of work of an optical fiber to anisotropic external influences, in comparison with one-mode regime of work of the same fibre. This result, can represent a big practical value at the realization of high-sensitivity fiber-optical devices of different physical values.

A high-efficiency grating coupler between single-mode fiber and silicon-on-insulator waveguide

We present the design of a diffractive grating structure and get the optimal parameters which can achieve more than 75%coupling efficiency（CE） between single-mode fiber and silicon-on-insulator（SOI） waveguide through 2D finite-different time-domain（FDTD） simulation.The proposed architecture has a uniform structure with no bottom reflection element or silicon overlay.The structure,including grating couplers,adiabatic tapers and interconnection waveguides can be fabricated on the SOI waveguide with only a single electron-beam lithography（ICP） step,which is CMOS-compatible.A relatively high coupling efficiency of 47.2%was obtained at a wavelength of 1562 nm.

Matched-Cladding Single-Mode Optical Fiber Optimized at 850 nm Wavelength

A single-mode optical fiber with quadratic curve index profile in core layer is introduced. The profile is optimized at 850 ran wavelength. The 850 nm bandwidth of this fiber can reach up to 2056.35 MHz.km. This fiber can be used at 850 nm, 1310 nm, and 1550 nm wavelength.

A fiber micro-vibration sensor based on single-mode fiber ring laser

A new micro-vibration sensor based on single-mode fiber ring laser is put forward. The Mach-Zehnder interferometric （MZI） detection technique is presented for interrogating laser frequency shift due to the measurand （piezoelectric transducer （PZT） is used to simulate the micro-vibration） induced laser cavity strain from both single- and multi-mode lasers. In the experiment, compared with multi-mode laser sensors, the single-mode laser sensor is proved to be a sensor with high resolution. When the PZT is driven by the analog signal （0.03 rad near 2 kHz）, the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of output signal from the single-mode laser sensor is close to 55 dB and the sensitivity of the sensor is about 5 ×10^-5 rad/Hz1/2.

Transmission of 2.5 Gb/s WDM Channels Spaced at 5 GHz over 480 km of Single-Mode Fiber

We demonstrate the transmission of 2.5-Gb/s WDM signals spaced at 5 GHz over 480 km of single-mode fiber. The results indicate that it should be possible to transmit more than one thousand 2.5-Gb/s channels spaced at 5 GHz over long distance.

LP_(01) to LP_(11) mode convertor based on side-polished small-core single-mode fiber

An all-fiber LP_(01)-LP_(11) mode convertor based on side-polished small-core single-mode fibers(SMFs) is numerically demonstrated. The linearly polarized incident beam in one arm experiences π shift through a fiber half waveplate, and the side-polished parts merge into an equivalent twin-core fiber(TCF) which spatially shapes the incident LP_(01) modes to the LP_(11) mode supported by the step-index few-mode fiber(FMF). Optimum conditions for the highest conversion efficiency are investigated using the beam propagation method(BPM) with an approximate efficiency as high as 96.7%. The proposed scheme can operate within a wide wavelength range from 1.3 μm to1.7 μm with overall conversion efficiency greater than 95%. The effective mode area and coupling loss are also characterized in detail by finite element method(FEM).

麦麸及麦麸膳食纤维常规粉碎和超微粉碎物化特性比较

为明确普通粉碎和超微粉碎对麦麸和麦麸膳食纤维物化特性影响,对处理后的麦麸和麦麸膳食纤维持水性、持油性、吸水膨胀性、黏度、阳离子交换能力及对油脂、胆固醇、胆酸钠和葡萄糖吸附能力进行了测定。结果表明:麦麸膳食纤维比麦麸具有更高的WHC和OHC,而超微粉碎处理可进一步提升麦麸膳食纤维WHC和OHC,分别为4.99 g/g和6.30 g/g;在胆酸钠浓度为3 mg/mL时,超微粉碎麦麸及麦麸膳食纤维胆酸钠吸附量最高,分别为40.58 mg/g和46.08 mg/g;在葡萄糖浓度为50~100 mmol/L范围内,超微粉碎后麦麸及麦麸膳食纤维葡萄糖吸附量亦明显上升。pH7时,普通粉碎处理后麦麸胆固醇吸附能力低于麦麸膳食纤维,而超微粉碎处理后麦麸胆固醇吸附能力高于麦麸膳食纤维。普通粉碎的麦麸对不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸吸附量最高,分别达到1.56 g/g和1.13g/g。研究表明麦麸及麦麸膳食纤维表通过处理后现出不同物化特性,这将为麦麸食品化利用及对食品体系物化特性影响提供理论依据。

三倍体毛白杨常规APMP与P-RCAPMP的制浆研究

对三倍体毛白杨分别进行了常规APMP与P RCAPMP制浆的研究 ,通过对两种浆料性能的比较发现 ,在相同化学药品用量、相同化学药品分配、相近打浆度时 ,P RCAPMP具有较高的松厚度、白度、不透明度和光散射系数 ,而常规APMP具有较高的紧度和物理强度 ;纤维质量分析和纤维筛分分析表明 ,常规APMP具有较多的长纤维组分 ,较少的细小纤维组分和粗大纤维束 ,其纤维平均长度略长于P RCAPMP ,而两者的纤维卷曲指数和纤维扭结指数基本相同。

核电站常规岛主厂房基于性能的抗震分析

常规岛主厂房是一种特殊的工业建筑结构,具有质量、刚度分布不均、多错层等特点,其抗震重在保证电厂运行功能在设防预期的水准地震作用下不中断,避免重大设备损坏而造成的严重财产损失。基于性能的抗震设计方法是目前国际上先进的抗震设计方法。首次将设计流程引入到核电站常规岛主厂房结构抗震设计中,在小震和中震弹性分析基础上,采用基于纤维模型理论的PER-FORM-3D软件对典型常规岛主厂房整体结构进行大震动力弹塑性时程分析。并参考美国基于性能抗震规程ASCE-41及FEMA356制定构件变形性能指标,对构件的变形响应进行评估。最后针对主厂房的抗震性能给出了相应的设计建议。

转基因抗虫棉sGK9708与不同类型品种杂种的遗传及优势分析

利用转基因抗虫棉sGK9708与7个常规棉、7个优质棉、8个转Bt基因抗虫棉和6个彩色棉品系分别配制杂交组合,对其性状的遗传效应和杂种优势进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)常规棉、优质棉和转基因抗虫棉类型的子棉产量以显性效应为主,加性效应也起较大作用,纤维品质性状的遗传变异主要来自于加性效应。(2)彩色棉类型的子棉产量性状以加性效应起主导作用,纤维品质等性状的遗传变异受显性和加性效应共同控制。(3)转基因抗虫棉类型的衣分和铃重具有极显著的显性效应,常规棉类型以加性效应为主导,优质棉和彩色棉类型由加性和显性效应共同决定。(4)彩色棉类型的子棉产量性状具有负向群体超亲优势,纤维长度和强度具有一定的正向群体超亲优势。