Conversational Analysis of Power and Solidarity in Chinese Community Correction Discourse

This paper mainly discusses the power and solidarity among participants in the community correction discourse from sociolinguistic perspective by adopting the methodology of conversation analysis.Through the comparative study of the steps of Initial Evaluation and Entry Ceremony in community correction,this paper analyses the power and solidarity in the features of adjacency pair and turn-taking,and finds that the step of Initial Evaluation is relatively negotiable and represents the social relationship of solidarity,while the step of Entry Ceremony stresses more on social distance and power relationship.The reasons that cause the power and solidarity in the Initial Evaluation and the Entry Ceremony from the perspective of social identity and social purposes are also explored.

Strategies for Fostering Interaction in Online Classrooms:A Conversation Analysis of Teacher-Student Verbal Interaction in Random Questioning in Pandemic-Initiated Online Teaching

This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-recorded online lessons between a math teacher and her students during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 11 to May 10,2022,four interactional segments are selected as the focus of the study.The results of the conversation analysis of the segments showed that students’modesty,lack of confidence,lack of ability,and network delay are the main factors affecting online teacher-student interaction.By encouraging students to answer questions,enlightening students to give answers,enriching students’answers,and entertaining the teaching atmosphere(“4Es”strategies),the teacher solved the problems successfully.The findings from this study can provide pedagogical experience and implications for practical teaching.

The Implication of Conversation Analysis in Oral English Teaching

Learners from the traditional Chinese English Classroom immerse in 'perfect English'.However,the Standard English makes them loose the chance to discover the talking rules behind the language,and leads them into an embarrassed situation,when stating a real talk with a native English speaker.From conversation analysis of a real English conversation,the learner can see how a native speaker reacts in a real conversation,how and when he/she gains the talking turns and how he/she responds to others' speech.Meanwhile,it offers a chance to learn the phenomenon in an ordinary conversations,such overlapping,pause,interruption,disfluency,etc.They make the real conversation not as 'perfect' as it is in the textbook,but they can help the learner to be well prepared for a talk in the real life.

An Inquiry Into the Multimodal Teaching and Learning of EFL in Open University of China—Research Based on a Sharing Community of WeChat Group Chat of Students of Taizhou Radio&TV University

With the availability of technology,multimodal teaching and learning becomes an important part of English teaching and learning among English teachers in China and Chinese adult students.WeChat group chat is a platform where the multimodal resources are thrived,namely,links to an official account,photos of English expressions that come in the form of screen shots,etc.And to a group chat with English learning as a specific goal,the multimodal resources include the English conversations between teachers in the group and the teacher’s lecture as well.In order to figure out how exactly the multimodal teaching facilitates learning,and how the peer learning promotes learning,we carry out research based on a sharing community of WeChat group chat of students of Taizhou Radio&TV University organized by teachers of English as a foreign language(EFL).With the sizable data,this paper brings multimodal interaction,sociolinguistic interaction,and conversational analysis together.We explore how the teachers and students participate in the chat with their specific identities by means of a detailed analysis of the selected chat in the group within consecutive 10 months in a year(from March 5th,2019 to December 26th,2019)as well as the data analysis of a questionnaire.This paper contributes to the literature of how to motivate the adult students to participate in the English learning group chat.It also has potential applicability for educators to develop strategies for language learners to guide them in creating and transmitting their social identities.

“Em”:Pragmatics Borrowing in Chinese Wechat Conversations:among Female University Students in China

The term“pragmatics borrowing”refers to a conscious use of foreign pragmatic marker within or between utterances.Distinctive pragmatics functions of using the“cross-linguistic”pragmatic markers in online conversations have become a research focus.In a sample of Wechat communication among university students,the English pragmatics marker“em”and its variations occurred frequently.By analyzing its spelling variations,placement,pragmatic meanings and functions,the study indicates that,besides using it as a hesitator,chat participants consciously use this foreign pragmatic marker as a buffer for later utterance,which is usually an apology or a request,to soften the intonation and give the addressee an impression of politeness.

The Interface Between Pragmatics and Conversation Analysis

In his authoritative and brilliant account of Pragmatics,Levinson(1983)included Conversation Analysis(CA)firmly as part of Pragmatics.Others have perhaps been more cautious,even sceptical,about whether CA is really relevant to the Pragmatics programme;and it has to be said that some conversation analysts have been rather stand-offish about being associated with Pragmatics,regarding CA’s programme as very different from that of Pragmatics.Whilst there are many differences and divergences between CA and Pragmatics,my own view is that CA shares with Pragmatics a number of focal interests that lie at or close to the heart of each.So I will explore some connections between them,focusing on the contributions CA makes to our understanding of the pragmatics of language use,especially in three of the foundational areas of Pragmatics—namely Implicature(e.g.from Grice 1975),Speech Acts(social action)(e.g.from Austin 1962 and Searle 1969)and Presupposition and Well-Formedness(e.g.from Lakoff1971).I will show examples that demonstrate the distinctiveness of CA’s approach to these core pragmatic aspects of language use—in the spirit of demonstrating how CA’s approach complements and does not detract from approaches in Pragmatics.

Using Conversation Analysis to Study Gender:An alternative to the ‘gender-differences’ paradigm

Research on gender and language has typically been underpinned by the premise that women and men are essentially different,and that these differences are evident in how they talk.In this paper,I introduce—and argue in favour of—the conversation analytic(CA)approach to gender as an alternative to a gender-differences paradigm.I describe what I take to be the three main challenges that conversation analysts have levied against such an approach,which I summarise as:a question of evidence,a question of relevance,and a question of existence(or ontology).I then describe,and critically evaluate,the classic solution to these questions that conversation analysts have proposed:a focus on‘participant orientations’to gender.I suggest that—in addition to correcting some of the mistaken analyses of interactional phenomena evident in gender-differences research—CA can inspire new ways of thinking about old research questions.I also propose that the question of what counts as an orientation to gender and,relatedly,how best to analyse the taken-for-granted social world,provide particularly fruitful areas for future research.I conclude by calling on researchers and students of gender to avoid using the assumption of essential difference as the starting point for academic endeavour.

Referring to Third-Persons in English Interaction： A Single Case Analysis

Talking about and referring to others is a fundamentally human activity that relies on the meaningful use of referring expressions for interlocuters to be able to identify the specific individual( s) being spoken of. With a primary focus on practices for referring to third parties,the broad aim of this paper is to show that whilst the selection of referring expression is based on complex,deeply social and cultural conventions,it is also a highly systematic and orderly activity. More specifically,this paper explores an interactional 'puzzle' contained in a single piece of data,in which a daughter — in conversation with her mother — refers to her father( her mother's ex-husband) in three different ways in quick succession. In doing so,we illustrate the potential interactional import of referring expressions for accomplishing social action beyond indexing an individual. In analysing this single case,one procedure for doing conversation analytic work is also illustrated. That is,in contrast to building and analysing collections,this paper draws on and applies what is already known from previous conversation analytic literature about practices for referring to persons. In analysing one fragment in which reference to a third party is made,we will review the fundamentals of the organisation of person reference in English.

Language and Social Institutions: The Conversation Analytic View

This paper considers some of the main lines of development in the application of conversation analysis(CA)to interactions in work settings such as medicine,education,law enforcement,courts,mass media etc.The paper describes some basic differences between ordinary conversational interaction and work-based institutional talk,that center on the range of language practices deployed in the two types of environment,and the forms of social change to which each is subject.Subsequently,six basic dimensions of organization are identified as sites of research on institutional talk:(1)Turn-taking organization;(2)Overall structural organization of the interaction;(3)Sequence organization;(4)Turn design;(5)Lexical choice;(6)Epistemic and other forms of asymmetry.Finally research on the causes of change in institutional language practices,and on the consequences of language practices for the outcomes of interactions is described.

Synthesis,characterization,and photocatalytic activity of porous La–N–co-doped TiO_2 nanotubes for gaseous chlorobenzene oxidation

The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous chlorobenzene（CB） by the 365 nm-induced photocatalyst La/N–Ti O2, synthesized via a sol–gel and hydrothermal method, was evaluated. Response surface methodology（RSM） was used to model and optimize the conditions for synthesis of the photocatalyst. The optimal photocatalyst was 1.2La/0.5N–Ti O2（0.5） and the effects of La/N on crystalline structure, particle morphology, surface element content, and other structural characteristics were investigated by XRD（X-ray diffraction）, TEM（Transmission Electron Microscopy）, FTIR（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy）, UV–vis（Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy）, and BET（Brunauer Emmett Teller）. Greater surface area and smaller particle size were produced with the co-doped Ti O2 nanotubes than with reference Ti O2. The removal of CB was effective when performed using the synthesized photocatalyst,though it was less efficient at higher initial CB concentrations. Various modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models involving the adsorption of chlorobenzene and water on different active sites were evaluated. Fitting results suggested that competitive adsorption caused by water molecules could not be neglected, especially for environments with high relative humidity. The reaction intermediates found after GC–MS（Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry） analysis indicated that most were soluble, low-toxicity, or both. The results demonstrated that the prepared photocatalyst had high activity for VOC（volatile organic compounds） conversion and may be used as a pretreatment prior to biopurification.

Request-Granting-Resistance Sequence in Chinese Public Service Calls

This study draws on a database of 200 citizens’ telephone calls to a Chinese radio program phone-in helpline and uses conversation analysis as the methodology to examine citizens’ requests for assistance,officials’ granting responses to citizens’ requests,citizens’ or the host’s resistance to officials’ granting responses.It is found that citizens make complaints about their previous failure to solve their problems in a way that is not merely to legitimize their current requests for assistance but also to ask for an account of their previous failure to have matters satisfactorily resolved,since in many cases even when officials grant citizens’ requests,the granting is followed by those citizens’ pursuit of reasons for or remedy to their previous failed resolution attempts.The study also analyzed how citizens’ resistance to officials’ responses is handled and how the final agreement is reached.The findings of this study contribute to the study of turn design of requests and preference organization of responses to requests and have implications for responses to requests in service encounters.

A novel circuit architecture for fourth subharmonic mixers

A circuit topology for high-order subharmonic（SH） mixers is described.By phase cancellation of idle frequency components,the SH mixer circuit can eliminate the complicated design procedure of idle frequency circuits.Similarly,the SH mixer circuit can achieve a high port isolation by phase cancellation of the leakage LO, RF and idle frequency signals.Based on the high-order SH mixer architecture,a new Ka-band fourth SH mixer is analyzed and designed,it shows the lowest measured conversion loss of 8.3 dB at 38.4 GHz and the loss is lower than 10.3 dB in 34-39 GHz.Measured LO-IF,RF-LO,RF-IF port isolation are better than 30.7 dB,22.9dB and 46.5 dB,respectively.