Pre-Seismic Electromagnetic Effects

Along with intense rock strain and rock bursting processes at the late stage of earthquake preparation, mechanical-electrical energy conversion appears in the seismogenic region and its nearby rock formations, which correspondingly stimulate certain electromagnetic effects. The paper mainly analyzes the pre-seismic electromagnetic effect of the ionosphere and proposes a method of monitoring VLF radio waves over the additional ionized region and so on. It is deemed that the method is of significance for short and imminent term prediction of strong earthquakes.

Effect of conversion from cyclosporine A to tacrolimus on patients with chronic allograft nephropathy

Objective To investigate the effect of conversion from cyelosporine A ( CsA ) to tacrolimus ( Tac) on chronic allograft nephropathy ( CAN) . Methods 153 CAN patients undergoing kidney transplantation received CsA,mycophenolate mofetil ( MMF) and

The mid-long term effect of conversion from cyclusporine to trcrolimus in patients with kidney

Objective To verify the efficacy and safety of conversion from cyclosporine ( CsA) to tacrolimus ( Tac) in renal transplant recipients. Methods The clinical data of conversion from CsA to Tac in renal transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. In 97 petients undergoing kidney transplantation,there were 62 cases of chronic al-

Mechanical model for failure modes of rock and soil under compression

The failure modes of rock and soil under compression are complex phenomena that have not been explained in a mechanical perspective. However, large amounts of studies indicate that the failure modes of rock and soil samples can be categorized into eight types. In this work, the inner tensile stress and the dissipation and conversion of energy of rock and soil under compression are analyzed, then the effective conversion coefficient of energy is deduced, thus the tensile failure criterion of rock and soil under compression is established. Combined with the shear strength criterion of Mohr–Coulomb, a tensile joint shear strength criterion for rock and soil under compression is built. Therefore, a mechanical criterion model concerning the failure modes of rock and soil under compression is established and verified by tests. This model easily explains the test results in the existing literature and many natural phenomena, such as collapse.

Combining CLUE-S and SWAT Models to Forecast Land Use Change and Non-point Source Pollution Impact at a Watershed Scale in Liaoning Province, China

Non-point source(NPS) pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent(CLUE-S) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. However, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effectively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.

Ferromagnetic resonance frequency shift model of laminated magnetoelectric structure tuned by electric field

Based on Smith-Beljers theory and classical laminate theory, an explicit model is proposed for the ferromagnetic resonance （FMR） frequency shift of a stress-mediumed laminated magnetoelectric structure tuned by an electric field. This model can effectively predict the experimental phenomenon that the FMR frequency increases under a parallel magnetic field and decreases under a perpendicular magnetic field when the electric field ranges from - 10 kV/m to 10 kV/m. Besides, this theory further shows that the FMR frequency increases monotonically as the angle between the direction of the external magnetic field and the outside normal direction of the laminated structure increases, and the frequency will increase as great as 7 GHz. In addition, when the angle reaches a certain critical value, the external electric field fails to tune the FMR frequency. When the angle is above the critical value, the increase of the electric field induces the FMR frequency to increase, and the opposite scenario happens when it is below the critical value. When the angle is 90~ （parallel magnetic field）, the FMR frequency is the most sensitive to the change of the electric field.

Application of Piezoelectric Materials in a Novel Linear Ultrasonic Motor based on Shear-induced Vibration Mode

A novel linear ultrasonic motor based on d15 effect of piezoelectric materials was presented. The design idea aimed at the direct utilization of the shear-induced vibration modes of piezoelectric material. Firstly, the inherent electromechanical coupling mechanism of piezoelectric material was investigated, and shear vibration modes of a piezoelectric shear block was specially designed. A driving point’s elliptical trajectory induced by shear vibration modes was discussed. Then a dynamic model for the piezoelectric shear stator was established with finite element（FE） method to conduct the parametric optimal design. Finally, a prototype based on d15 converse piezoelectric effect is manufactured, and the modal experiment of piezoelectric stator was conducted with laser doppler vibrometer. The experimental results show that the calculated shear-induced vibration modes can be excited completely, and the new linear ultrasonic motor reaches a speed 118 mm/s at noload, and maximal thrust 12.8 N.

Development of Optical Voltage Transducer Based on Dual-Mode Highly Elliptical-Core Polarization Maintenance Fiber

This paper describes an optical voltage transducer （OVT） for the 35 kV electric power system based on modular interference in dual-mode highly elliptical-core polarization maintenance fiber （E-Core PMF）. The temperature and environmental perturb- bation can be compensated automatically. In the scheme, a quartz crystal cylinder wrapped with highly elliptical-core fiber plays the role of voltage sensor head. The two interference output lobes＇ intensity from the E-core PMF is modulated with the converse piezoelectric effect of quartz crystal. A PZT wrapped with E-core PMF at ground potential serves as the static modular phase difference control and temperature compensation unit. The experiment results indicate that the OVT designed in this paper has satisfying performance and could successfully rejects the temperature perturbation.

Long-Term Clinical Effect of Tangyiping Granules(糖异平颗粒)on Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Objective： To evaluate the long-term clinical effect of Tangyiping Granules（糖异平颗粒, TYP） on patients with impaired glucose tolerance（IGT） to achieve normal glucose tolerance（NGT） and hence preventing them from conversion to diabetes mellitus（DM）. Methods： In total, 127 participants with IGT were randomly assigned to the control（63 cases, 3 lost to follow-up） and treatment groups（64 cases, 4 lost to follow-up） according to the random number table. The control group received lifestyle intervention alone, while the patients in the treatment group took orally 10 g of TYP twice daily in addition to lifestyle intervention for 12 weeks. The rates of patients achieving NGT or experiencing conversion to DM as main outcome measure were observed at 3, 12, and 24 months after TYP treatment. The secondary outcome measures included fasting plasma glucose（FPG）, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose（2h PG）, glycosylated hemoglobin（Hb A1c）, fasting insulin（FINS）, 2-h insulin（2hI NS）, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR）, blood lipid and patients＇ complains of Chinese medicine（CM） symptoms before and after treatment. Results： A higher proportion of the treatment group achieved NGT compared with the control group after 3-, 12- and 24-month follow-up（75.00% vs. 43.33%, 58.33% vs. 35.00%, 46.67% vs. 26.67%, respectively, P〈0.05）. The IGT to DM conversion rate of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the end of 24-month follow-up（16.67% vs. 31.67%, P〈0.05）. Before treatment, FPG, 2h PG, Hb A1 c, FINS, 2h INS, HOMA-IR, triglyceride（TG）, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had no statistical difference between the two groups（P〉0.05）. After treatment, the 2hP G, HbA 1c, HOMA-IR, and TG levels of the treatment group decreased significantly compared with those of the control group（P〈0.05）. CM symptoms such as exhaustion, irritability, chest tightness and breathless, spontaneous sweating, constipation, and dark thick and greasy tongue were significantly improved in the treatment group as compared with the control group（P〈0.05）. No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusion： TYP administered at the IGT stage with a disciplined lifestyle delayed IGT developing into type 2 DM.

Research of whispered speech vocal tract system conversion based on universal background model and effective Gaussian components

Directing to the weakness of the present fixed values mapping methods （method_F）, a vocal tract system conversion method based on the universal background model （UBM） is proposed for improving the performance of the speech conversion system from Chinese whis- pered speech to normal speech. For the numerous components of UBM, the errors produced by the acoustical probability density statistical model can＇t be ignored. Thus an effective Gaus- sian mixture components chosen method based on the posterior probability summation of the minimum spectral distortion is developed to optimizing the system performance. The proposed method （method_U） is analyzed and compared using the performance index （PI） based on Itakura-Saito spectral distortion measure. It is shown experimentally that the performance of method_U is more stability for different speakers and different phonemes than that of method_F. The average PI of method_U is better than method_F. It is shown that by selecting effective Gaussian mixture components, the PI of method_U can be further improved 5.11%. Subjective auditory tests also show that the proposed method can improve the definition and intelligibility of conversion speech.

Study of the photon identification efficiency with ALICE photon spectrometer

The efficiency for the detection and identification of photons with the ALICE PHOton Spectrometer PHOS has been studied with the Monte-Carlo generated data. In particular, the influence on the efficiency of the PHOS-module edge-effect and of the material in front of PHOS have been examined.