Cooling System Design Optimization of an Enclosed PM Traction Motor for Subway Propulsion Systems

This paper presents the design optimization of a self-circulated ventilation system for an enclosed permanent magnet(PM)traction motor utilized in the propulsion systems for subway trains.In order to analyze accurately the machine's inherent cooling capacity when the train is running,the ambient airflow and the related heat transfer coefficient(HTC)are numerically investigated considering synchronously the bogie installation structure.The machine is preliminary cooled with air ducts set on the motor shell,and the fluidic-thermal field distributions with only the shell air duct cooling are numerically calculated.During simulations,the HTC obtained in the former steps is applied to the external surface of the machine to model the inherent cooling characteristic caused by the train movement.To reduce the temperature rise and thus guarantee the motor's working reliability,an internal self-circulated air cooling system is proposed according to the machine temperature distribution.The air enclosed in the end-caps is driven by the blades mounted on both sides of the rotor core and forms two air circuits to bring the excessive power losses generated in the heating components to cool regions.The fluid flow and temperature rise distributions of the cooling system's structural parameters are further improved by the Taguchi method in order to confirm the efficacy of the internal air cooling system.

A Loss-model-based Efficiency Optimization Control Method for Induction Traction System of High-speed Train under Emergency Self-propelled Mode

Increasing attention has been paid to the efficiency improvement of the induction traction system of high-speed trains due to the high demand for energy saving. In emergency self-propelled mode, however, the dc-link voltage and the traction power of the motor are significantly reduced, resulting in decreased traction efficiency due to the low load and low speed operations. Aiming to tackle this problem, a novel efficiency improved control method is introduced to the emergency mode of high-speed train traction system in this paper. In the proposed method, a total loss model of induction motor considering the behaviors of both iron and copper loss is established. An improved iterative algorithm with decreased computational burden is then introduced, resulting in a fast solving of the optimal flux reference for loss minimization at each control period. In addition, considering the parameter variation problem due to the low load and low speed operations, a parameter estimation method is integrated to improve the controller's robustness. The effectiveness of the proposed method on efficiency improvement at low voltage and low load conditions is demonstrated by simulated and experimental results.

Dynamic analysis of traction motor in a locomotive considering surface waviness on races of a motor bearing

The traction motor is the power source of the locomotive.If the surface waviness occurs on the races of the motor bearing,it will cause abnormal vibration and noise,accelerate fatigue and wear,and seriously affect the stability and safety of the traction power transmission.In this paper,an excitation model coupling the time-varying displacement and contact stiffness excitations is adopted to investigate the effect of the surface waviness of the motor bearing on the traction motor under the excitation from the locomotive-track coupled system.The detailed mechanical power transmission path and the internal/external excitations(e.g.,wheel–rail interaction,gear mesh,and internal interactions of the rolling bearing)of the locomotive are comprehensively considered to provide accurate dynamic loads for the traction motor.Effects of the wavenumber and amplitude of the surface waviness on the traction motor and its neighbor components of the locomotive are investigated.The results indicate that controlling the amplitude of the waviness and avoiding the wavenumber being an integer multiple of the number of the rollers are helpful for reducing the abnormal vibration and noise of the traction motor.

Performance Evaluation of a 60kW IPM Motor for Medium Commercial EV Traction Application

This paper presented the design and performance analysis of a 60kW interior permanent-magnet(IPM)synchronous motor used as traction drive in a medium commercial electric vehicle(EV),according to the traction requirements of the electric vehicle under the rated operating conditions and overload conditions.The key dimensions were calculated on the basis of the permanent-magnet(PM)motor theory,and the 2D finite element method(FEM)simulation model of the IPM motor was built by using 2D Maxwell software.The influence geometric structures of the IPM motor including the PM dimensions and skewed PMs on electromagnetic torque were investigated,and the temperature distribution of the motor under rated operating condition and the condition of maximum speed were calculated.Finally,the simulation results of the IPM motor running in various operating modes were compared with the experimental results,which demonstrated that the designed IPM motor can match all requirements of the medium commercial electric vehicle driving applications.

Wide speed range for traction motor in braking force of electric braking control system

A vehicle stopping method using an electric brake until a traction motor is stopped is studied. At the moment of vehicle stop, electric brake is changed to control mode where torque is reduced at a low speed. Gradient is controlled by estimating the load torque of motor, thereby traction motor is not rotated after stop. In addition, coasting operation and brake test are performed from normal-opposite operation and start using a small-scale model comprising the inertial load equipment and the power converter. Further, traction motor is made to be equipped with a suspension torque. Pure electric braking that makes traction motor stop by an air brake at the time of stop is also implemented. Constant torque range and constant power range are expanded during braking so that braking force is secured with the electric brakes even in high speed region. Therefore, vehicle reduction effect can be expected by reducing parts related with an air brake which is not used frequently by using a pure electric brake in the M car in wide speed region. Further, maintenance of brake system can be reduced. Besides, ride comfort of passenger in the electric rail car, energy efficiency improvement, and noise reduction effect can be additionally expected. Further, an improved brake method that uses only an electric brake till motor stop is proposed by comparing those in the blending brake that uses an air brake while reducing brake torque at vehicle stop.

Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Traction Motor Production and Disposal

By the application of life cycle assessment(LCA) methodology, this paper estimates the environmental impacts of production and disposal of traction motors used in electric vehicles in China. The results show that the total energy use, the criteria emissions and the greenhouse gases(GHG) emissions of a traction motor production and disposal are about 2,899,MJ, 4.5,kg and 259.5,kg per motor, respectively. Among the regulated emissions, the SOxemission ranks first by total mass, followed by CO, PM10, NOx, PM2.5, and volatile organic compound(VOC). The motor material production stage accounts for most of the energy consumption and emissions, followed by the assembly stage and the end-of-life disposal stage. In this study, the environmental performance analysis is extended to the comparison between the use of secondary material and primary material for the material production stage. It is found that using 100% secondary material results in a 52.9% reduction in energy consumption, a 49.8% reduction in regulated emissions, and a 49.3% reduction in GHG emissions compared with the use of 100% primary material.

Improved Dynamics Model of Locomotive Traction Motor with Elasticity of Rotor Shaft and Supporting Bearings

The locomotive traction motor is described as a rotor-bearing system coupling the kinetic equations of the traction shaft and its support bearings with the determination of their elastic deformations in this study.Under the effect of excitations induced by the dynamic rotor eccentric distance and time-varying mesh stiffness,the elastic structure deformations of the shaft and support bearings are formulated in the vibration environment of the locomotive.In addition,the nonlinear contact forces between the components of the rolling bearing,the lubricating oil film,and radial clearance are comprehensively considered in this study.The results indicate that the elastic deformations of the shaft and bearings can change the dynamic responses of the traction motor and its support bearings.There are large differences between the ranges of the rotor motion calculated by the rigid and the flexible traction motor models when the intensified wheel-rail interaction is considered.With the increase of the rotor eccentricity,the results underscore the role of the elasticity of traction shaft and support bearings in dynamic researches of the traction motor.The critical value of the initial eccentric distance for the rub-impact phenomenon decreases from 1.23 mm to 1.15 mm considering the flexible effect of the shaft and bearings.This dynamics model of the traction motor can provide more accurate and reasonable simulation results for correlational dynamic researches.

Research and improvement of leakage protection system in traction motor

Because the leakage protection circuit in traction motor of coal mining machine is impacted by frequency converter devices,malfunctions appear frequently.This paper makes an in-depth analysis,proposes a solution of using the subtraction circuit to offset interference signals and conducts a simulation analysis.The above scheme,which is simple and easily realized,can improve the reliability of leakage protection device in traction motor.

Design of Axial-Flux Motor for Traction Application

This paper deals with the design of high power – low dimensions axial-flux permanent-magnet motor intended for trac-tion application. First, two motor configurations are analytically designed and compared using finite element calcula-tion. Then, the configuration yielding the best performances is integrated and modelled with the whole traction chain under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment in order to demonstrate the motor operation on a large speed band.

Analysis of Temperature Rise in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Traction Motors by Coupling the Equivalent Thermal Circuit Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics

To solve the problem of temperature rise caused by the high power density of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous traction motors,the temperature rise of various components in the motor is analyzed by coupling the equivalent thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics.Also,a cooling strategy is proposed to solve the problem of temperature rise,which is expected to prolong the service life of these devices.First,the theoretical bases of the approaches used to study heat transfer and fluid mechanics are discussed,then the fluid flow for the considered motor is analyzed,and the equivalent thermal circuit method is introduced for the calculation of the temperature rise.Finally,the stator,rotor loss,motor temperature rise,and the proposed cooling method are also explored through experiments.According to the results,the stator temperature at 50,000 r/min and 60,000 r/min at no-load operation is 68℃ and 76℃,respectively.By monitoring the temperature of the air outlets inside and outside the motor at different speeds,it is also found that the motor reaches a stable temperature rise after 65 min of operation.Coupling of the thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics is a strategy that can provide the average temperature rise of each component and can also comprehensively calculate the temperature of each local point.We conclude that a hybrid cooling strategy based on axial air cooling of the inner air duct of the motor and water cooling of the stator can meet the design requirements for the ventilation and cooling of this type of motors.

Study of Traction Motor Feedback Testing SystemControlled by Microcomputer

this paper describes the design of a feedback testing system for locomtive tractionmotor. The structures and features of the software and hardware of themicrocomputer control system have been studied. This testing system hasalready been put into operation successfully in several locomotive depots inChina.

轨道交通能量互馈式交流牵引传动综合测试系统的设计

针对轨道交通牵引传动系统性能测试与特性试验需求,设计一种列车交流牵引传动测试系统。系统由四象限整流器、DSP控制单元、牵引变流器、负载变流器、牵引电机与负载电机组成。牵引变流系统采用全新的“双变流器--交流电机负载反馈”方案,能量通过直流侧在牵引电机与负载电机之间互馈,避免试验过程中能量的大量消耗。系统可实现牵引变流器的牵引/制动工况性能测试,牵引电机性能测试、特性试验与功率测量,具有高智能化与自动化、安全可靠、测试准确度高、能量利用率高的优点。

CRH5动车组牵引脉冲整流器自适应优化控制方法研究

针对CRH5动车组牵引主回路脉冲整流器在牵引网压波动下的稳定性问题,提出一种基于自抗扰算法的参数自适应优化控制策略。在CRH5动车组牵引脉冲整流器现采用的dq双环控制结构基础上,针对电流内环采用最速综合fal函数实现控制响应及控制量大小随误差变化自适应调整,基于状态空间方程构建一阶线性自抗扰电压外环控制器以实现对系统扰动的观测及跟踪。由此改善控制器对外部扰动的估计及补偿能力,增强控制器对车网耦合特性变化的适应能力。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真对比分析了基于PID控制和基于参数自适应优化控制的dq电流控制器性能,仿真结果表明,基于参数自适应的dq电流优化控制策略下的整流器直流侧输出电压在启动过程中超调量更小,且在应对网压波动时输出电压波动恢复后的稳态误差小于指标值的1/6,抗干扰能力更强。为进一步验证该控制器应对网压低频振荡的抗扰动效果,在RT-LAB半实物实验平台上搭建动车组-牵引网级联耦合模型对比分析2种控制策略下的牵引网网压波形。结果表明:基于参数自适应的dq电流优化控制更能适应多列动车组同时接入而引发的扰动,抑制牵引网网压大幅度振荡;fal电流环的参数自适应特性能改善控制器动态特性,可根据瞬态误差及时调整控制器响应,且其控制参数适应范围较宽,易于整定。

考虑逆变器谐波耦合的牵引传动系统机电耦合振动特性研究

作为牵引传动系统能量转换的关键部件,牵引电机在电气激励作用下会受到各种冲击载荷和周期激振力的作用,从而产生机电耦合振动,威胁牵引传动系统的可靠运行。对此,基于双惯量模型对牵引传动系统机电耦合振动特性开展研究。首先,建立牵引电机的双惯量模型,依据此模型对其固有频率进行计算,并介绍了机械传动系统的同频受迫振动模态。其次,根据逆变器的开关特性,着重分析了脉宽调制(PWM)导致的边带谐波转矩对机电耦合同频共振的影响,探索逆变器的频率耦合产生的间谐波对机电耦合系统的影响。接着,以传递函数的形式对考虑双惯量负载的牵引传动系统进行建模,从频域角度对系统机电耦合共振特性进行理论分析。最后,利用硬件在环测试对所分析结果进行验证。

高速动车组用滚动轴承失效模式及对策展望

全面介绍了各主型高速动车组用轴箱轴承、齿轮箱轴承、牵引电动机轴承以及各类风机用轴承的型号、结构以及相应的车载和地面安全保证措施,汇总了轴承运行过程以及检修过程中的典型故障和主要失效模式,分析了轴承故障的产生原因,建议从车辆系统匹配设计角度确定旋转系统中轴承的边界载荷、顶层技术要求,优化轴承钢冶炼、热处理、机加工和组装等轴承制造工艺,以保证轴承产品质量一致性,进而避免轴承早期失效,为动车组安全运营,各系统旋转部件修程修制的制定和动车组用滚动轴承国产化提供借鉴和帮助。

基于耦合模型的地铁牵引电机轴承复合缺陷振动特性分析

为探究车辆运行工况下牵引电机轴承缺陷状态的振动特性,基于轨道-车辆耦合动力学及轴承动力学理论,提出一种包含齿轮传动系统和牵引电机的轨道-车辆-轴承耦合动力学模型。模型中综合考虑轨道不平顺、时变啮合刚度、轴承表面单一和复合缺陷等复杂激励。基于该动力学模型研究在轨道不平顺激励下牵引电机轴承在单一缺陷和复合缺陷状态下的振动特性。计算结果表明:相对于单一缺陷状态,牵引电机轴承在复合缺陷状态下所受到的缺陷冲击更加强烈和复杂;受轨道不平顺激励以及自身缺陷冲击的综合影响,电机轴承振动加剧;缺陷轴承的振动加速度会随着车辆运行速度的提高和缺陷宽度的增大而增大。计算结果可为牵引电机轴承的故障诊断和状态监测提供理论依据。

牵引异步电机气动和电磁混合噪声预测研究

高速列车牵引异步电机在高转速下的噪声主要由气动噪声和电磁噪声组成,且前者为主导成分。该研究为准确地预测该类型电机高转速下的气动和电磁混合噪声特性,首先建立了电机气动声源的仿真计算模型,包括基于计算流体动力学的流场计算和Lighthill声类比的声场计算;其次建立了电磁振动的计算模型,其中包含了Maxwell电磁场计算和基于模态叠加法的谐响应分析;最后通过有限元法和边界元法建立电机气动和电磁混合噪声的计算模型,最终得到电机混合噪声在各测点的总声压级和电机的声功率级,并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明,在4000 r/min和5600 r/min两个转速下的仿真计算的声功率级与试验值差距不超过0.6 dB(A),各测点总声压级与试验值接近,证明混合噪声的计算模型能够准确有效地预测牵引异步电机气动和电磁混合噪声。

基于流固耦合的牵引电机流动特性分析

为了研究电机轴向通风冷却系统的电动机内部情况,本文以某大型矿用电动车轮牵引电机为例,对其轴向通风冷却与传热进行了研究。基于流体力学以及传热学理论,结合电机轴向通风性能以及结构特点,建立了电机三维流动与传热耦合求解的有限元模型,并给出基本假设与相应的边界条件。通过计算电机内部的电磁场和温度场,采用有限体积法对三维流体场和温度场控制方程进行耦合,避免了利用经验公式计算模型间的换热系数带来的误差,能够获得更加精确的温升及冷却结果。在此基础上,通过对电机进行流固耦合计算,研究流量分配对通风冷却效果的影响,进而在原有模型上分析不同流量、不同定子流道、不同流道宽度对电机温度场及流阻的影响,并提供优化流道从而有效降低电机最热温度区域。通过对实际运行车辆电机温度场及冷却阻力监控验证了仿真计算的准确性。通过流固耦合分析方法将有助于电机的散热优化设计,为更大功率的电机综合物理场的准确计算提供了理论依据。