DISCRETIZATION APPROACH USING RAY-TESTING MODEL IN PARTING LINE AND PARTING SURFACE GENERATION

Surface classification, 3D parting line, parting surface generation and demoldability analysis which is helpful to select optimal parting direction and optimal parting line are involved in auto-matic cavity design based on the my-testing model. A new ray-testing approach is presented to classify the part surfaces to core/cavity surfaces and undercut surfaces by automatic identifying the visibility of surfaces. A simple, direct and efficient algorithm to identify surface visibility is developed. The algorithm is robust and adapted to rather complicated geometry, so it is valuable in computer-aided mold design systems. To validate the efficiency of the approach, an experimental program is implemented. Case studies show that the approach is practical and valuable in automatic parting line and parting surface generation.

DESIGN TECHNOLOGY FOR INJECTION MOLD PARTING SURFACE BASED ON CASES AND KNOWLEDGE

On the basis of the comprehensive analysis about the automatic generation of the injection mold parting surface, the parting surface design method which introduces knowledge and case-based reasoning （CBR） into the computer-aided design is described by combining with the actual characteristic in injection mold design, and the design process of case-based reasoning method is also given. A case library including the information of parting surface is built with the index of main shape features, The automatic design of the mold parting surface is realized combined with the forward-reasoning method and the similarity solution procedure. The rule knowledge library is also founded including the knowledge, principles and experiences for parting surface design. An example is used to show the validity of the method, and the quality and the efficiency of the mold design are improved.

A Ray-Testing Approach to Automatically Identify Surface Visibility in Parting Line Generation

It is critical to identify core/cavity and undercut surfaces of molds in parting line generation. A new Ray-Testing approach is presented to detect these surfaces by identifying the visibility of surfaces. A simple, direct and efficient algorithm to identify surface visibility is developed. Case studies show that the approach is practical and valuable in automated parting line generation.

Research on the Influence of Cutting Condition on the Surface Microstruct ure of Ultra-thin Wall Parts in Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting

In many fields of high-tech industry the ultra-t hi n wall parts are employed. In this paper the experiments were carried out to dis cuss the surface microstructure of the camera’s guided drawtube by applying ult rasonic vibration cutting device to the traditional lathe. The influence rule of the cutting condition on the surface roughness was put forward, which was drawn by comparing the ultrasonic cutting with the common cutting by use of the cemen ted carbide tool and the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool. The test results sh owed that the ultrasonic cutting performs better than the common cutting in the same condition. According to the test results analyzing, the surface characteriz ation is influenced clearly by the rigidity of the acoustic system and the machi ne tool, as well the setting height of the tool tip. Otherwise, the dense regula r low frequency vibration ripples will be scraped on the machined surface. When the tool tip is set higher than the rotating center of the work piece by three t imes of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, the vibration ripples behave alig ht; they turn light and shade alternatively when the tool tip is lower than the rotating center of the work piece by three times of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration. According to the test result analyzing, the following conclusions are put forward: 1) The surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting is better than that in common cutting. Under a one third critical cutting velocity, the value of th e surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting rise slightly along with the cutting v elocity, while in common cutting it decreases contrast to the cutting velocity; the curves of the surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting and common cutting see m to be alike, both increase along with the feed rate and the cutting depth, but the value in ultrasonic cutting is smaller in the same condition.2) The influen ce of the coolant on the surface roughness cannot be ignored. The kerosene can b e employed to improve the surface roughness in ultrasonic machining.3) In ultras onic cutting process of aluminum alloy ultra-thin wall work piece, the PCD tool performs better than the cemented carbide tools.4) The vibration ripples result from the not enough rigidity of the acoustic system and the improper setting he ight of the tool tip. The departure of the tool tip from the rotating center of the work piece to some extent causes the vibration ripples on the machined surfa ce.

A model of deformation of thin-wall surface parts during milling machining process

A three-dimensional finite element model was established for the milling of thin-walled parts. The physical model of the milling of the part was established using the AdvantEdge FEM software as the platform. The aluminum alloy impeller was designated as the object to be processed and the boundary conditions which met the actual machining were set. Through the solution, the physical quantities such as the three-way cutting force, the tool temperature, and the tool stress were obtained, and the calculation of the elastic deformation of the thin-walled blade of the free-form surface at the contact points between the tool and the workpiece was realized. The elastic deformation law of the thin-walled blade was then predicted. The results show that the maximum deviation between the predicted value and the actual measured machining value of the elastic deformation was 26.055 μm; the minimum deviation was 2.011 μm, with the average deviation being 10.154 μm. This shows that the prediction is in close agreement with the actual result.

Influences of material parameters on deep drawing of thin-walled hemispheric surface part

During deep drawing process,the material parameters of blank have a significant effect on the quality of the drawn part and the determination of process parameters. Here,a 3D finite element model is developed for the deep drawing process of a thin-walled hemispheric surface part. Then the influences of material parameters including hardening exponent n,yield stress σs and elastic modulus E on the process are investigated by simulation. The results show that the effects of n and σs on punch force,thickness variation and equivalent strain are more notable. The maximum equivalent plastic strain occurs outside the die corner. However,when the value of n is 0.03 or σs is smaller than 120 MPa,higher equivalent plastic strain occurs at ball top.

Redesigned Surface Based Machining Strategy and Method in Peripheral Milling of Thin-walled Parts

Currently, simultaneously ensuring the machining accuracy and efficiency of thin-walled structures especially high performance parts still remains a challenge. Existing compensating methods are mainly focusing on 3-aixs machining, which sometimes only take one given point as the compensative point at each given cutter location. This paper presents a redesigned surface based machining strategy for peripheral milling of thin-walled parts. Based on an improved cutting force/heat model and finite element method（FEM） simulation environment, a deflection error prediction model, which takes sequence of cutter contact lines as compensation targets, is established. And an iterative algorithm is presented to determine feasible cutter axis positions. The final redesigned surface is subsequently generated by skinning all discrete cutter axis vectors after compensating by using the proposed algorithm. The proposed machining strategy incorporates the thermo-mechanical coupled effect in deflection prediction, and is also validated with flank milling experiment by using five-axis machine tool. At the same time, the deformation error is detected by using three-coordinate measuring machine. Error prediction values and experimental results indicate that they have a good consistency and the proposed approach is able to significantly reduce the dimension error under the same machining conditions compared with conventional methods. The proposed machining strategy has potential in high-efficiency precision machining of thin-walled parts.

盖板件高效铣削表面粗糙度预测与工艺参数优化

为了保证7075铝合金盖板件铣削表面质量和提高铣削加工效率,进行工艺参数优化,通过响应曲面法(RSM)构建铣削加工表面粗糙度预测模型,分析铣削工艺参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律。基于表面粗糙度预测模型建立高效铣削工艺参数优化目标方程,采用改进的粒子群算法(PSO)对目标方程进行优化,运用优化后的工艺参数对某盖板件进行铣削加工。试验结果表明:采用优化后的工艺参数进行盖板件铣削加工可以满足表面粗糙度要求,验证了预测模型的准确性和改进PSO方法的可行性。

基于机器视觉的飞机电镀部件曲表面无损检测

[目的]为解决机器视觉在曲表面无损检测中算法复杂的问题,以及克服传统光源在曲表面检测中的局限性,开发了一套基于格栅光源的飞机电镀部件曲表面无损检测系统。[方法]该系统通过格栅光对电镀部件曲表面进行成像,随后进行图像分析,包括图像导入、预处理、Blob分析等步骤。[结果]该系统能够快速、准确地检测出电镀部件曲表面存在的缺陷,检测效率高且稳定可靠。[结论]该系统在飞机制造企业及航空公司飞机维护一线的初步工程应用中取得了良好效果,有望进一步推广。

激光沉积制造零件表面粗糙度预测及控制方法研究

针对激光沉积制造(LDM)成形零件表面粗糙度高、成形质量差,以及打印后必须进行机加工等后处理的问题,自主搭建成形平台,使用“小光斑、小层厚、小粉末粒径”的工艺方法打印具有不同倾斜角度的薄壁零件,并考虑熔道搭接、层间抬升量及成形角度的影响,基于增材制造分层切片原理,给出了不同几何特征下典型薄壁零件的理论表面粗糙度预测模型,通过实际打印薄壁零件对其进行三维共聚焦观测表面形貌和粗糙度,测量验证了所提出的表面粗糙度预测模型的正确性,并在此基础上提出了激光沉积制造零件表面粗糙度的控制策略。

难变形金属小模数齿形件电流辅助分形旋压成形工艺优化

目的针对30CrMnSiA合金结构钢小模数齿形件电流辅助分形旋压成形工艺,探究工艺参数对小模数齿形件成形质量的影响规律,分析工艺参数间的相关性,获得优化后的工艺参数组合。方法选取小模数齿形件齿廓偏差、齿距偏差、轮齿饱和度为成形质量响应指标,以电流密度、占空比以及旋轮进给速度为影响因素,设计响应面试验方案;根据有限元模拟结果建立成形质量回归预测模型,分析电流密度、占空比以及旋轮进给速度对小模数齿形件成形质量的影响规律,计算获得最优的参数组合并进行试验验证。结果电流密度、脉冲占空比、旋轮进给速度对小模数齿形件成形质量有显著影响,成形质量随着电流密度与占空比的升高而升高,随旋轮进给速度的升高而先升高后降低;且电流密度与旋轮进给速度、脉冲占空比与旋轮进给速度在对轮齿饱和度的影响上有一定的交互性;通过建立的回归模型预测得到的优化工艺参数如下:电流密度为17.5 A/mm2、脉冲占空比为40%、旋轮进给速度为0.6 mm/min。结论回归模型预测值与试验值的相对误差小于8%,说明所构建的成形质量回归预测模型是准确的,利用优化后的参数可制备出成形质量良好的小模数齿形件。

复杂曲面零件的五轴数控加工技术研究

随着科技水平的不断提升,精密复杂曲面零件的应用越来越广泛。曲面驱动是复杂曲面零件加工的重要方法,驱动刀轨的规划直接关系到曲面物理特性的调控,应用五轴数控加工技术能够提升复杂曲面零件的加工质量。文章主要研究复杂曲面零件的五轴数控加工技术,以佛像这个复杂曲面零件为例,分析了曲面驱动刀轨规划、工装方案设计、加工策略以及试制加工过程。在实际加工过程中,技术人员应充分理解驱动刀轨规划思路与原理,在粗加工、精加工中完善刀轨设计,并进行试制加工。

基于直驱机床的航空整体叶轮加工效率优化方法研究

为解决航空叶轮在复杂五轴联动加工过程中的效率和精度控制难题,本文基于直驱机床围绕加工参数对表面粗糙度和加工时间的影响进行了深入分析。首先通过与传统机床进行加工对比,证明了直驱机床的精度与速度方面的优势;其次针对原点坐标的研究揭示了原点位置对加工效率的影响,尤其是当原点接近A、C轴中心时,加工效率显著提高;最后通过正交试验法研究了转速、每齿进给量、切宽这3个关键因素,并发现每齿进给量是影响表面粗糙度的主导因素,其次是切宽,而转速的影响较小。在保证粗糙度小于1.6μm的前提下,以转速20000 r/mim、每齿进给量0.03 mm、切宽0.6 mm的参数组合获得最优结果。基于优化的工艺参数不仅提升了加工效率,节约了43.3%的加工时间,还确保了加工质量,为航空叶轮的精密加工提供了重要的技术参考,同时为基于直驱机床的复杂零件高效加工提供实践指导和理论依据。

复杂曲面机器人磨抛技术研究现状与趋势展望综述

在航空、能源、交通、军工等国家战略领域中,针对复杂曲面零件的自动化、高质量和高效率磨抛需求,对近年来国内外工业机器人磨抛加工关键技术及集成系统的研究和应用进展进行了综述。首先,从复杂曲面机器人磨抛机理及工艺优化、磨抛运动轨迹规划、磨削力控制等方面总结了复杂曲面机器人磨抛技术的研究成果;然后,介绍了国内外机器人磨抛集成系统应用现状;最后,分析了复杂曲面机器人磨抛技术的主要问题以及发展趋势,为该技术的发展提供了重要的指导和方向。研究结果表明:当前该技术存在的主要问题包括磨抛机理不够清晰,数学模型不够准确,复杂曲面机器人磨抛轨迹规划效率不高,磨抛力的控制仍不够精准等;另外,磨抛工艺参数优化、机器人力位混合控制、机器人高精度标定与误差补偿、基于数字孪生的机器人磨抛在线监控、机器人磨抛细分应用场景等方面的研究和实践将极大地推动机器人磨抛技术的发展和应用。

考虑各向异性的回转曲面件蠕变时效成形数值模拟与实验

针对铝锂合金回转曲面件蠕变时效成形各向异性问题,开展了基于Barlat91屈服各向异性准则和蠕变各向异性本构模型的回转曲面件蠕变时效成形数值模拟与实验研究。仿真结果表明,构件加载阶段发生塑性变形,呈现出■的塑变各向异性现象;考虑蠕变各向异性行为的构件的蠕变应变分布发生明显改变。进一步通过开展回转曲面件蠕变时效成形实验发现,所建立的蠕变各向异性模型对厚度变化、残余应力分布预测准确;相对于各向同性模型,型面精度的整体预测偏差减小9.3%,焊接边预测偏差减小91.5%,证明了所建铝锂合金蠕变时效各向异性本构模型的准确性和实际应用价值。

2022年7月内蒙古干旱半干旱区涝—旱转折事件的成因分析

2022年7月内蒙古中西部地区降水明显偏少,且呈前期偏多、后期偏少的涝—旱转折性分布特征,分析不同阶段环流分布差异和影响系统间的配置对进一步做好内蒙古汛期降水预测具有重要作用。利用内蒙古116站逐日降水量、国家气候中心130项气候指数、美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气科学研究中心(National Center for Enviromental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCEP/NCAR)逐日再分析资料和美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin⁃istration,NOAA)逐月海表温度资料,分析2022年7月内蒙古中西部地区涝-旱转折事件的成因。结果表明:(1)2022年7月内蒙古中西部地区降水量严重偏少,为该地区1991年以来同期降水最少、气象干旱最为严重。(2)7月1—11日降水相对偏多,冷空气路径偏北且强度较弱,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱,位置偏北、偏西,冷暖空气在内蒙古中西部地区交绥,加之这一时段高空西风急流位置偏北,内蒙古中西部位于急流轴以南,有利于高层辐散和上升运动发展。7月12—31日降水明显偏少,环流经向度加大,冷空气活动路径偏南且强度增强,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强且位置明显偏南,不利于水汽输送,加之高空西风急流位置偏南,内蒙古中西部位于急流轴以北,不利于高层辐散和上升运动发展;7月中旬后期至下旬高空西风急流南北向扰动偏强有利于激发东亚—西北太平洋经向遥相关波列,使得西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南从而导致降水偏少。(3)日本海至北太平洋西北部地区的海温异常是影响内蒙古中西部地区降水多寡的重要外强迫信号之一。2022年7月该海区海温异常偏高,其上空激发的气旋式环流减弱了南方暖湿水汽的经向输送,是导致内蒙古中西部降水由涝转旱的原因之一。

东昆仑东段浪木日地区地球化学异常信息提取方法研究及异常查证

青海沟里地区位于东昆仑造山带东段,根据水系沉积物地球化学测量已发现了多个矿床(点),具有较好的找矿潜力。本文选取沟里地区巴加别里赤尔幅(浪木日地区)1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量数据为研究对象,利用统计学方法和趋势面分析法两种方法进行异常信息提取。结果显示,趋势面分析法相较于传统统计法,圈定的异常面积更大、浓集中心更明确、分带特征更明显,且与已知矿床点的吻合度更高,整体上具有强化低背景异常的优势。同时利用趋势面分析法提取了3个元素组合,并对套合性和相关性突出,且与区内浪木日铜镍硫化物矿床相关的Cu-Zn-Cr-Co-Ni组合异常进行异常剖析。结合区内地质特征和浪木日矿区矿体分布情况,圈定了哲扎空龙洼东、龙里、瑙格木东和卡鲁南等找矿远景区,为区内下一步铜镍找矿工作提供了方向。

基于内外侧联动式抽芯的多分型面镂空式收纳桶模具设计

根据产品的使用性能和工艺特点,对镂空式收纳桶的产品结构和工艺进行了分析。基于产品镂空和桶槽分布位置的不同,设计了3层分型面的模具结构,以实现对各个成型部分的运动控制;镂空形状分布面积比较大,为提高成型质量、节省模具空间,巧妙设计了定模侧爆炸式滑块抽芯机构;由于产品底部的侧凹形状位于定模底部,空间狭窄且缺乏动力源,因此在定模底部设计了型腔侧浮动式斜顶机构,完成了底部侧凹的抽芯动作;针对产品边缘具有内外圆角的大尺寸桶槽,在动模内部设计了内外侧联动式抽芯机构。模具投产后,各个抽芯机构动作顺畅,产品脱模顺利,达到了预期目的。

黄河三角洲北部湿地沉积物重金属污染风险评价及来源分析

以黄河三角洲北部湿地39个表层沉积物样品为研究对象,测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As、Hg的含量,对其进行重金属污染风险评价及来源分析。结果表明:8种重金属元素在表层沉积物中平均含量由高到低顺序为:Cr>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg,除As外其含量均低于山东省土壤背景值;沉积物以砂质粉砂为主,重金属元素的空间分布特征相似,可能受到“粒度效应”的影响;基于地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法,揭示了Cd、Hg为研究区主要污染物和重要的潜在生态危害因子;相关分析和因子分析表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Hg可能来源于成土母质、工业活动以及油田开采,Ni、Cd可能来源于农业活动、水产养殖以及油田开采;聚类分析表明,可进一步把Cr单独分为一类;通过因子探测分析发现,黏土含量、TOC和含水率对潜在生态危害指数(RI值)解释力较大,表明其对RI值的影响较大;通过交互作用探测分析可知,任意两个影响因子交互作用后结果为双因子增强或非线性增强,表明复杂的环境加剧了湿地的潜在生态危害。

基于低相干干涉的孔类零件内表面测量系统研究

对孔类零件的内表面进行测量是判断其加工质量和使用寿命的重要手段。针对精密孔类零件内表面测量的需求,提出一种基于低相干干涉的内表面测量及信号处理方法,并搭建了完整的检测系统。对低相干干涉的测量原理进行了分析;搭建了以迈克尔逊干涉仪为主体,主要包含光源、探测器、数据采集仪、参考臂、样品臂等部分的检测系统;研究了干涉信号滤波以及包络峰值提取算法;最后,通过实验验证了此系统可以表征孔类零件的内部特征,并且其测量精度可达10μm以内。