Interpretation of Electric Pressure Cooker Alliance Standard

Recently, Shunde Electric Pressure Cooker Alliance （short for EPCA） successfully made four proposals on revision of the IEC international standard for electric pressure cooker with independent intellectual property rights, namely Elastic Structure Design, Anti-blocking Safety, Pressure Relief Safety and Lid Closing Safety. In the mean time, when participating in the activities related with revision proposals on IEC standard Electric Pressure Cooker, EPCA makes full use of the information and experience gained in these activities, improves and put forward the new-edition Electric Pressure Cooker Alliance Standard （hereafter referred to as Alliance Standard）. This article is an interpretation with this Alliance Standard aiming at bettering the pressure cooker enterprises＇ understanding with this standard, so as to guide the alliance enterprises to highlight the differentiated characteristics and product features in the links like products design, procurement of raw and auxiliary materials, manufacturing and sales, etc., as well as to let industrial peers learn about the characteristics of this standard and the products.

Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfers in a Metallic Pressure Cooker Isolated with Kapok Wool

In this work, a numerical study of heat transfers in a metallic pressure cooker isolated with kapok wool was carried out. This equipment works like a thermos, allowing finishing cooking meals only thanks to the heat stored at the beginning of cooking, which generates energy savings. Cooked meals are also kept hot for long hours. In our previous work, we have highlighted the performances of the pressure cooker when making common dishes in Burkina Faso. Also, the parameters (thickness and density) of the insulating matrix allowing having such performances as well as the influence of the climatic conditions on the pressure cooker operation were analyzed in detail in this present work. The numerical methodology is based on the nodal method and the transfer equations obtained by making an energy balance on each node have been discretized using an implicit scheme with finite differences and resolved by the Gauss algorithm. Numerical results validated experimentally show that the thickness of the kapok wool as well as its density play an important role in the pressure cooker operation. In addition, equipment performances are very little influenced by the weather conditions of the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

Optimum Inclination Angles of Booster Mirrors and Solar Radiation Availability on the Horizontal and Inclined Box Type Solar Cookers

Mathematical relations are developed to compute optimum inclination angle of booster mirror for horizontally placed cooker (λ) and for optimally inclined cooker (ψ) during all months (selected day) of the year at 30°N latitude for maximizing the reflected component of solar intensity onto the absorber plate of the cooker. A solar radiation model is also developed and used to compute the ratio of various solar intensities on horizontal, inclined and normal surface of the absorber plate for all months at 30°N latitude. These ratios give a clear indication of greater solar radiation availability on the optimally inclined cooker as compared to the horizontally placed cooker for faster cooking especially during winter months when solar radiation capture is small. Experimental validations have also been performed to access the accuracy of the developed relations and model.

Performance Assessment of a Box Type Solar Cooker Using Jatropha Oil as a Heat Storage Material

Solar cookers are a good option in developing countries with high solar potential for environmentally friendly cooking and reduced pressure on forests. However, they are still affected by the intermittency of the sun. In order to overcome this problem, in this work, a box type solar cooker integrated Jatropha oil as a heat storage material is fabricated and experimented with. The design was examined with a maximum stagnation temperature of 157.7°C. The recorded cooking power vanished between 78.4 and 103.6 W, while thermal efficiency varied from 41.26% to 58.78%. The energy transfer cycle test, including charge and discharge revealed that 91.18% of the heat lost through the cooker could be recovered by the heat storage unit and a large amount is restored to the system during cloudiness or a temperature perturbation.

Numerical Study of a Cylindro-Parabolic Cooker “Blazing Tube”

The objective of this work is to numerically determine the thermal performance of the parabolic cylinder cooker commonly “blazing tube”. These performances were determined by establishing heat balances at the different levels of the system. The equations obtained have been discretized;simplifying assumptions have been made to facilitate their resolution. We adopted Gauss Seidel’s method using MATLAB software to solve these equations. The temperatures of the coolant, the glass and the absorber were determined as a function of time and along the tube. The thermal efficiency was also determined. It emerged that the different temperatures evolve linearly as a function of the length of the tube. Yield and temperatures depend on the amount of sunshine.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of a Box-Type Solar Cooker in Unfavorable Climatic Conditions

A box-type solar cooker with an inclined surface, equipped with a concentration reflector to allow maximum energy to be collected, enabled cooking tests to be carried out in the rainy season. Different thermocouples were implanted on various places of the cooker. The temperature measurements from these sensors were taken every 10 minutes. The tests presented in this article relate to the preparation of eggs and rice. The absorber temperatures during the tests exceeded 100°C. The cooking times were between 1 h 50 min and 2 h 20 min despite the numerous cloudy periods. The cooker made it possible to reach sufficient temperatures for healthy cooking of food. The results obtained for these first tests are satisfactory and very encouraging.

Finite Element Modeling of a Solar Box Cooker: Temperature and Fluid Velocity Distributions

We studied the temperature distribution and fluid velocity in a box-type solar cooker by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in Ziguinchor southern of Senegal. Indeed, this is one of the sunniest countries in the world: more than 3000 hours of sunshine per year with an average temperature of around 30˚C. This abundant and exploitable solar energy contributes to the development of more efficient, profitable and clean sources of energy. This will help to satisfy the increasing demand of energy. This numerical model was validated by comparing the numerical results with those of the experiment carried out on a single day. The relative error obtained is below 3%. The model results confirmed the performance of this cooker as its cooking temperature is available for more than seven hours. They have shown that the temperature and internal fluid velocity fields are not homogeneous. The results, although preliminary and encouraging, are a first step towards the complete simulation of a solar cooker integrated into a drying column.

Experimental Study of a Metallic Pressure Cooker Insulated with Kapok Wool

This work is devoted to an experimental study of metallic pressure cooker insulated with kapok wool, a vegetal biodegradable fiber. Experiments conducted on the cooling of hot water in the equipment revealed very low heat losses and a time constant of 60 hours on average. As a result, the equipment makes it possible to finish cooking meals only thanks to the heat stored at the beginning of cooking and keeps cooked dishes warm for long hours. The thermal phase shift of the pressure cooker is around 7?h. Cooking tests conducted on some local dishes revealed about 70% butane gas savings for cooking cowpea and white rice, 38% for cooking fatty rice, 75% for pasta and couscous, and 30% for cooking potato stew. These results show that this technology can contribute to minimizing?energy consumption in the restaurant sector.

Solar Cookers for Fish Village

Collecting wood was areal pain in the fore-head. We used to goto the forest to collectwood thirty times or so eachwinter regardless of the snowor wind. We had to get up anhour or so after midnight andafter doing our chores wewould head off to the forest.We didn’t return until dusk,"said Ms.Zhongcujia,aged 52and a resident of Niamu orFish Village,located in JiancaCounty,Malho TibetanAutonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,China. FishVillage is nestled on a denud-ed west-facing mountainslope.

实施生产许可的压力锅产品产业情况报告

通过对压力锅产品情况,行业状况的和市场情况的概述,对压力锅产品的产业政策情况,标准情况,技术发展状况和生产许可对行业的技术要求的调研。提出了对实施生产许可的压力锅产品质量安全风险,生产加工过程风险分析,产品质量安全风险因子分析,产业风险情况,产业政策风险,公众安全风险的情况分析。

电饭煲中桶模具设计

对电饭煲中桶结构进行分析,设计了1副两板模,定模部分对多种不同结构的扣位进行成型,在定模设计了相应的滑块机构,为了驱动定模滑块脱模,在模架侧面安装辅助开模机构,将第1次开模设在定模座板与定模板之间。根据动模部分成型不同结构的扣位,分别设计了内滑块脱模结构和斜推脱模结构。模具采用普通流道浇注系统,从待成型塑件上端圆孔的内壁以4个潜伏式浇口进料。为了使模具温度均匀,在定模设置了直通水路,在动模设置了隔片式水井水路。

电磁炉骚扰电压不合格的应对措施

电磁炉在日常监督抽查中经常出现骚扰电压不合格的情况,。本文主要研究电磁炉骚扰电压测试不合格的原因及其抑制对策,通过增加滤波器等方式可以使其满足标准GB4343.1-2018的要求。本文从实际情况出发,为厂家提供一些解决方案,使其产品能通过电磁兼容测试。

谐波导致电磁炉加热失效的机理研究

近年来,谐波畸变导致电磁炉加热失效的问题时有发生,但机理不明。针对上述问题,从仿真和实验测试的角度探讨了电磁炉加热失效原因,首先搭建了电磁炉控制模型,分析了电磁炉保护配置对电磁炉正常工作的影响;其次,基于可编程电源开展了电磁炉谐波适应性测试,验证了浪涌保护动作是导致电磁炉无法正常工作的直接原因,而谐波产生的瞬时过电压是导致浪涌保护动作的根本原因。研究结论对于解决谐波导致电磁炉加热失效问题具有重要理论价值。

高压蒸煮试验下镀锡引脚腐蚀行为及机理研究

引脚金属镀层化学腐蚀是一种典型的封装缺陷,通常在高温、高压、高湿条件下容易出现,并对产品的可靠性和使用寿命造成严重影响。为研究镀锡引脚在高压蒸煮试验下的腐蚀情况,通过金相分析、扫描电镜分析、X射线光电子能谱等分析手段,对高压蒸煮条件下的镀锡引脚化学腐蚀情况进行了研究。结果表明,引脚上化学腐蚀主要是由于锡层-铜层-薄液膜之间的电化学反应造成的,镀锡层表面形貌粗糙会加剧腐蚀的形成。对此,提出了相应的改善措施,对于提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能具有重要的参考意义。

浅述新版GB4706.19第19.4条对电压力锅过压保护的影响

新版GB 4706.19对不同结构的电压力锅考核内容发生了很大变化。新版标准要求电压力锅的过压保护装置必须满足更高的安全和质量要求,以保障用户的使用安全。本文分别对两种非弹性结构压力锅和两种弹性结构压力锅的工作原理进行了详细分析,并提出了如何应对新版标准的过压保护措施。

An Economic Pressure Cooker

China’s PPI growth continues to risers its CPI growth keeps dropping. What does this mean for industry and the economy?

基于Fluent对燃气灶炉头混气室性能的探讨

燃烧器是燃气灶具的核心部件,对灶具的燃烧性能起决定性作用。燃烧器主要由引射器、炉头、火盖组成。经过多年的发展,通过对引射器引射性能的研究和对火盖尺寸的不断改进,燃气灶具的性能得到大幅提升。而炉头作为引射器和火盖之间的连接通道,由于同时受到两者的影响,存在多种不确定因素,故研究难度较大。本文通过仿真手段分析了某款家用燃气灶的炉头混气室体积对燃气-空气预混气的影响,并制定了优化方案。最后通过对比优化前后的实物燃烧效果,验证了优化方案的可行性,为灶具性能的进一步提升提供了另外一种参考思路。

侧加热器功率对电饭煲烹饪米饭品质影响研究

为改善发热盘加热式电饭煲炊饭不均匀的问题,通过锅内热对流、含水率、炊饭不均匀率和感官评价等指标探讨侧加热器功率对米饭品质的影响。在普通的5 L电饭煲本体(P=750 W底功率+不同的侧加热器功率)上验证,实验表明侧加热器功率40 W时米饭均匀度最好,为6.85%;侧加热器功率20 W时的米饭均匀度与40 W时相似,为7.96%;侧加热器功率20 W和40 W时热对流测试锅内各点平滑度最好;而侧加热器功率80 W时米饭样品感官评价得分最高。研究结果显示,针对5 L本体、750 W底功率的电饭煲,匹配20 W~40 W的侧加热器对米饭品质改善效果最好。

电饭煲铰链弹簧加速寿命试验技术研究

铰链弹簧是电饭煲产品的主要承载部件,寿命可靠性验证周期较长,本文基于加速寿命试验理论,开展了断口分析、有限元模拟以及加速寿命试验等工作,结果显示疲劳寿命对数特征值与试验折弯频率之间存在显著的负相关线性关系,并建立了一种具有双重加速效应的寿命试验模型,相比原始方案,0.33 Hz方案和0.50 Hz方案所需测试时长分别降低~69%和~88%,显著缓解了品质部门测试资源紧张的痛点问题。

不同烹炒方式对黄瓜食用品质的影响

以黄瓜为试验对象,探究电磁炉和明火灶烹炒对其色泽、质构、微观结构、香气成分和游离脂肪酸组成等食用品质的影响差异。研究结果表明,相较于电磁炉,明火灶烹炒的黄瓜受热更均匀,熟成度更高,因此色泽偏黄、总色差更大;烹炒后的黄瓜由于失水皱缩,其脆性、紧实度均有所下降,且明火灶和电磁炉中心处烹炒的黄瓜失水萎缩现象比电磁炉锅壁更为明显;烹炒黄瓜的主要香气成分为醛类和硫醚类化合物,明火灶烹炒黄瓜的总香气成分含量(5745.66μg/kg)远高于电磁炉烹炒的黄瓜(3017.13μg/kg);烹炒黄瓜产生的主要游离脂肪酸为棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,它们同样在明火灶烹炒的黄瓜中含量更丰富。综上,相较于电磁炉,明火灶烹炒可以赋予黄瓜更好的食用品质,是更佳的烹炒方式。