Effects of Facilities Condition on Occurrence of Freeze Injury and Fresh Pod Yield of Broad Bean

Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.

Effect of Cooling History on Yield Ratio of Fine-grain Ferrite/Pearlite Steel

Effect of different cooling history on yield ratio of HP295 steel for welded gas cylinder was studied and the result implied that both fine microstructure and good mechanical properties can be attained by using two-stage cooling and controlling the coiling temperature. The yield ratio of HP295 steel sheet was reduced to less than 0.8 by twostage cooling process. The pass percent of yield ratio was enhanced from less than 90% to 100%. The mechanical properties satisfied the criteria of GB6653-1994.

Temporal Stability of Sward Dry Matter and Nitrogen Yield Patterns in a Temperate Grassland

The objectives of the present study were to examine the spatial patterns of sward dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) yields in a grass silage field at first, second, and third cuts over a 3-year period; quantify their temporal stabilities with temporal stability maps; and assess the potential for site-specific management in each pasture-growing period using classified management maps. At cut 1, the spatial patterns of DM and N yields proved to be well defined and temporally stable and were likely to be due to differences in the net N mineralization rates across the field during spring. In contrast, at cut 2, the patterns of DM production were patchy and temporally unstable. It was concluded that, in principle, a simple site-specific approach to N fertilization would be possible in this field during spring at cut 1. At later harvests, the rationale for a site-specific approach to fertilizer management was less clear with logistics appearing to be more complex and less feasible.

Effects of mechanical operation-induced root injury on maize growth and yield

A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 by using artificial root pruning to simulate mechanical root injury caused by agricultural machinery components and reveal its effects on maize growth and yield.Quasi-level orthogonal experimental design was employed to create orthogonal tables with four factors of interest,namely,pruning time(jointing stage,JS;big trumpet period,BTP),pruning method(unilateral pruning,UNP;bilateral pruning,BIP),pruning distance(5,10,and 15 cm)and pruning depth(5,10,and 15 cm).Results revealed that (1)maize growth was inhibited at the beginning of root pruning;(2)stem diameter(SD)and plant height(PHE)were smaller than those of the control check(CK)but exceeded the latter after 20 d of root pruning in JS;(3)SD and PHE were always smaller than those of the CK under root pruning in BTP;(4)T8(BTP,BIP,5 cm of pruning distance and 15 cm of pruning depth)can reach to a significant level(p<0.01).The vertical distribution and total dry weight(TDW)of maize roots in soil were affected by different root pruning treatments.When pruning in JS,the root ratio in 0-10 cm soil was 11.6%in T2(JS,UNP,a pruning distance of 10 cm and pruning depth of 10 cm).When pruning in BTP,the root ratio of 10-20 cm soil layer increased by 15%.However,the TDW of maize decreased,the largest of which occurred in T8 at 53%.With the exception of a 0.43%increase in T3(JS,UNP,15 cm of pruning distance and 15 cm of pruning depth),the maize yield of all other treatments decreased compared with that of CK,and the largest reduction was in T8 at up to 19.1%.This finding suggests that a small pruning distance and a large pruning depth greatly influence the growth and yield of maize before and during pruning in BTP.The influence of BIP is greater than that of UNP.These results provide evidence for the effects of mechanical root injury on maize growth and yield and serve as a reference for the selection of mechanical topdressing parameters.

Study on difference between intravascular cooling system and traditional moderate hypothermia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Objective To study difference between intravascular cooling system and traditional moderate hypothermia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods Eighty sTBI patients were randomly divided into intravascular hypothermic groups (IVT) and traditional moderate hypothermia groups(HT) . Inclusion criteria included a Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score ≤8 and time from injury to admission must be within 12 hours.

Remedial Technical Measures Following Freezing Injury of Rapeseed

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of occurrence frequency of freezing injury on rapeseed production and remedial measures. [Method] The re- search utilized three turns of freezing injury during the growth period of winter-sown rapeseed in 2013, analyzed the freezing injury resistibility and the remedial mea- sures of ten varieties（combination）. [Result] The results showed that for different va- rieties （combinations） of rapeseed, compared cutting ones with non-cutting ones, the plant silique, seeds number and seed weight increased in diverse level, ＂however, the plant yield remained the same. Correlation analysis suggested that freezing in- jury had the greatest impact on plant silique. [Conclusion] After cutting processing, yield traits were able to partially recover and showed kind of positive correlation with Plant yield.

Pendimethalin Residues from Weed Management in Dry Bean Can Cause Injury in Autumn Seeded Winter Wheat

There is little information on effect of pendimethalin residues in the soil used for weed management in dry bean, on winter wheat seeded 3 to 4 months after application in Ontario. A total of four field experiments were conducted over a four-year period (2008-2011) in Ontario to evaluate the effect of pendimethalin residues on winter wheat injury and yield grown in rotation with dry bean. Pendimethalin, applied PPI in dry bean, at 1080 and 2160 g ai ha-1 caused 1% to 3% injury and 4% to 9% winter wheat injury evaluated 1 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) in the fall and on approximately the first of May, June and July of the following year. Pendimethalin applied PPI in the spring at 1X or 2X manufacturer’s recommended rate (1080 or 2160 g ai ha-1) in dry bean caused no adverse effect on the winter wheat height evaluated in July of the following year and no adverse effect on maturity at harvest. Pendimethalin applied PPI at 1080 g ai ha-1 in dry bean in the spring caused no adverse effect on winter wheat yield, but pendimethalin applied at 2160 g ai ha-1 rate caused a 4% reduction in yield of winter wheat. Based on this study, pendimethalin applied PPI at 2160 g ai ha-1 has potential to cause injury and yield reduction in winter wheat grown in rotation with dry bean under Ontario environmental conditions.

Study on temper-rapid cooling process of low carbon steel produced by CSP

On the basis of the effect of carbon precipitation on the microstructure and properties of steel products below At temperature, a new thermal treatment method （temper-rapid cooling process） was studied. By the temper-rapid cooling process, the yield strengths of the high strength low carbon （HSLC） steel ZJ330 and SPA-H produced using the compact strip production （CSP） process increased from 340 to about 410 MPa and from 410 to about 450 MPa, respectively. The results indirectly indicated that there existed nanoscaled iron-carbon precipitates that have obvious precipitation effect on low carbon steel produced by CSP. The prospect of application is discussed.

Combined Spinal Epidural Catheters for Epidural Cooling, Cerebrospinal Fluid Aspiration and Spinal Intralipid Infusion for Treatment of Spinal and Brain Injuries, Diseases and Protection

A new proposal for spinal cord and brain treatment and protection due to injuries and diseases is made herein. It is composed of two 20G nylon catheters with 6 lateral holes arranged circumferentially within 3 cm from the tip and a closed end. One catheter is inserted into the epidural space and the other catheter is inserted into the spinal space in two different lumbar interspaces using an 18G Tuohy needle 90 mm. The epidural catheter is used for cooled saline injection and infusion. The spinal catheter is used for Intralipid spinal injections and CSF aspiration. The proposal is based on the current studies on spinal cord cooling and CSF aspiration as well as on the Intralipid resuscitation properties and lipid brain protection. A study is needed to evaluate the clinical value of this combined approach.

X65MO小直径厚壁HFW海底输送管研制

针对大厚径比HFW海洋管制管过程中纵向屈强比上升的问题,研究了化学成分、冷却工艺对X65MO管线钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,增加C元素含量或去除V元素有利于降低材料预拉伸后的纵向屈强比;试验材料在高温下卷取,其显微组织为铁素体+珠光体,轧态纵向拉伸曲线具有较长的屈服平台,预拉伸后具有最低的屈强比和最高的均匀延伸率;随着卷取温度降低,晶粒更加细小,贝氏体组织增加,预拉伸后的纵向屈强比上升幅度较大,而在相同卷取温度下,降低冷却速度有利于降低预拉伸后的纵向屈强比。根据研究结果制定了卷板工艺,试制了X65MO钢级Φ323.9 mm×14.3 mm HFW海管,管材横纵向屈强比等拉伸性能均满足规范要求。

冷凉区黑土有机质和玉米产量双提升技术探索及经济效益分析

为明确有机肥还田+保护性耕作措施下黑龙江省西部土壤有机质和作物产量的双提升技术效果,2021年10月,在黑龙江省西部齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区开展试验,以玉米为供试作物,设置5个处理:有机肥+深松40 cm(YS40)、秸秆留茬+深松40 cm(WS40)、有机肥+旋耕20 cm(YS20)、秸秆留茬+旋耕20 cm(WS20)、有机肥表施+免耕(YB);一个对照:秸秆留茬+免耕(CK)。结果表明:施入有机肥的处理能够提升深土层土壤肥力,在20~40 cm土层中YS20处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升11.56 g·kg^(-1)和0.57 g·kg^(-1);40~60 cm土层中YS40处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升2.83 g·kg^(-1)和0.28 g·kg^(-1)。土壤结构方面,在0~20 cm土层中YB处理的容重较CK降低17.5%、含水量提升35.5%,40~60 cm土层中YS40处理的容重较CK处理降低5.3%、含水量提升38.4%。有机肥与保护性耕作处理提高了玉米不同生育时期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和干物质积累量,进而提高了玉米产量,第二年的YS40、YS20、YB处理较CK处理分别增产14.5%、18.5%、11.4%。收益分析表明,与CK处理相比,2021年YB处理和2022年YS20处理收益增加最多,分别增加5770元·hm^(-2)和5223元·hm^(-2)。综上所述,黑龙江省西部薄层黑土实施有机肥还田+保护性耕作是提升土壤有机质、有机碳储量、全氮、全氮储量、玉米产量和经济效益的有效措施。

冷却速度对Ti微合金化Q355B屈服平台的影响研究

为了研究冷却速度对Ti微合金化Q355B屈服平台的影响,选取某钢厂Q355B-Ti热轧钢卷,在终轧温度和卷取温度不变的情况下,分别测定在12℃/s、13℃/s、14℃/s、16℃/s、18℃/s、21℃/s、26℃/s、30℃/s冷却速度下拉伸性能曲线和金相组织。结果表明,冷却速度在12~16℃/s区间时无明显屈服平台,18~30℃/s区间时产生屈服平台,金相组织为贝氏体+铁素体,随着冷速增大,贝氏体组织形貌由不规则羽毛状向规则多边形转变,晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒度由10级增大到11级。分析认为,Q355B-Ti热轧钢卷产生屈服平台需要冷却速度达到18℃/s的临界值,在工艺设计范围内,通过控制冷却速度可以达到抑制或促进屈服平台的产生。

北疆冷凉区玉米品种筛选试验

为了提高玉米产量,促进农业增产、农民增收,开展了品种筛选试验,以筛选出适宜北疆冷凉区种植的优良玉米品种。结果表明,参试的13个玉米品种熟期相对适中,各品种生育期均早于对照丰垦139,早熟2~7 d,说明各品种在此种植区域皆能安全成熟。KWS9384、兆合402、新玉76、KWS7461这4个品种综合性状表现优良,产量超过对照丰垦139,增产幅度6.24%~11.76%,其中以KWS9384增产较明显,增产幅度达11.76%;KWS7461虽然较丰垦139增产,但其株高、穗位高较高,生产上易发生倒伏;吉单494产量略低于对照丰垦139,但熟期适中,抗倒伏能力强,收获时籽粒含水率较低。综合分析各玉米品种的生育期、产量等因素,适宜北疆冷凉区种植的优良玉米品种有KWS9384、兆合402、新玉76和吉单494。

冷却速率对MarM247铸造合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

通过研究定向凝固Mar M247合金冷却速率和显微组织,显微组织同拉伸性能间的关系,推导出合金冷却速率同拉伸性能间的关系。结果表明,冷却速率0.15~2.00℃/s,随着冷却速率的增加,合金二次枝晶臂间距(λ^(2))、最大碳化物尺寸(C_(1))和共晶平均尺寸(E_(4))逐渐减小,且分别满足λ_(2)=42.68·^(■-0.2548),C_(1)=-22.95·log■+38.59,E_(4)=-11.21·log■+26.88关系式。而相同浇铸温度(1480℃)和模组结构,不同模壳温度(950℃、1000℃、1100℃、1180℃)试验浇铸所得铸件合金组织(二次枝晶臂间距、最大碳化物尺寸和共晶平均尺寸)同其屈服强度和抗拉强度也呈负相关关系。借助合金组织特征参数推导出的冷却速率和拉伸性能关系式,为利用冷却速率评估、计算铸件力学性能提供了参考。

颈部循环降温水毯在重症颅脑损伤病人术中脑保护中的应用效果

目的:设计一种颈部循环降温水毯运用在重症颅脑损伤病人手术过程中,探讨此方法对病人术中脑保护的可行性及应用效果。方法:将医院2021年8月—2022年7月60例行颅内血肿清除术的重症颅脑损伤病人随机分为对照组和试验组各30例,对照组麻醉诱导后为病人常规覆盖棉被后进行手术;试验组病人麻醉诱导后至手术结束期间全程颈部加用循环降温水毯,以维持病人颅内温度在32~35℃。分别于手术开始前(T0)、打开脑膜前(T1)、缝合脑膜前(T2)、术毕(T3)观察两组病人平均动脉压及脑氧饱和度,采集动脉血测定动脉血氧含量、采集静脉血测定血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NES)值、中枢神经特异蛋白(S100β蛋白)浓度,对术后1 h、24 h、72 h颅内压进行对比分析。结果:组内比较,与T0相比,两组动脉血氧含量、脑氧饱和度、血清NSE值、S100β蛋白浓度在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)均增高(P<0.05)。组间比较,对照组动脉血氧含量、脑氧饱和度均低于试验组,血清NSE值、S100β蛋白浓度均高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 h、24 h、72 h颅内压值试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。干预前两组病人在术前各项指标并无明显差异,两组平均动脉压无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:术中采用颈部循环降温水毯对重症颅脑损伤病人进行亚低温治疗,能够有效降低病人术中颅内压,改善脑氧代谢、降低脑损伤相关因子浓度,减轻对脑组织的损害进而对病人进行有效脑保护。

X70管线钢生产工艺及性能研究

通过合理设计X70管线钢成分,分析研究双机架轧制工艺、控冷工艺及矫直模型,同时采取标准化参数作业指导和设备改善两方面的攻关措施,成功生产出了性能合格的X70管线钢。验证结果表明,邯钢生产出的X70管线钢以粒状贝氏体组织为主,屈服强度、抗拉强度以及冲击韧性等力学性能良好,达到了标准和用户要求,产线具备进行稳定生产的能力。

高性能建筑结构用钢SN400B热轧工艺研究

针对某用户高性能建筑结构用钢SN400B的技术条件,并结合该钢种的高要求应用场合,进行了成分、热轧工艺设计,分析优化出炉温度、终轧温度、卷取温度、终轧与卷取温度差及层流冷却模式等参数,得出结论:较高的出炉温度可以提高强度却不利于延伸率提升;终轧与卷取温度差越大,强度越高,延伸率越低;密集冷却会造成强度较高而塑性较低,一般冷却可得到强度和塑性较佳的综合性能。

黔东南州丘陵冷凉区高产优质水稻品种筛选

为筛选出适宜黔东南州丘陵冷凉区域种植的高产优质水稻新品种,以生产上应用面积较大的F优498为对照,选用市场上销售的12个优质水稻新品种在贵州省丹寨县进行比较试验。结果表明,各参试品种生长情况、农艺性状正常,均可正常结实。从产量来看,甬优1540产量最高,为10 607.65 kg/hm^(2),极显著高于F优498,较F优498增产7.12%;其生育期为167 d,株高为108.8 cm,有效穗数为229.5万穗/hm^(2),穗长为20.0 cm,穗粒数为212.8粒,可作为优质稻品种在当地进一步开展示范推广。麟两优华占、蓉18优2348、荃优鄂丰丝苗及金龙优263的产量分别较F优498增产5.98%、4.55%、3.79%、0.38%,这4个品种中除金龙优263产量与F优498无显著差异外,其他3个品种产量均极显著高于F优498,可进一步多点试验示范。

广东冬季寒害对香蕉产量的影响

广东丰富的气候资源有利于香蕉生产的发展 ,但冬季寒害仍可使香蕉生产遭受重大损失 ,即使冬季最温暖的粤西南亦难幸免。阐述了广东香蕉寒害发生的情况 ,对几次突出的冬季寒害及其危害进行分析。严重影响广东香蕉主产区的寒害虽然平均约 5年左右一遇 ,但是 2 0世纪 90年代寒害出现较频繁 ,加上反季节种植的春夏蕉由于经济效益较高 ,种植面积迅速扩大 ,使得其抽蕾或花芽分化在冬季 ,造成香蕉遭受寒害的几率增大 ,对香蕉产量影响很大。为此 ,广东香蕉生产的发展要重视寒害、风害及市场变化带来的风险 ,必须因地因时制宜 ,合理布局 。

花期低温对寒地水稻颖花结实的影响

利用人工气候室在水稻开花期进行13℃,17℃,21℃和25℃等不同温度的处理,结果表明低温可降低水稻颖花的结实率,且不同品种水稻对低温的反应不同。低温的强度和持续时间与水稻颖花结实率呈明显的负相关关系,13℃气温持续12d,其颖花的结实率可降到30%以下。低温处理前、后开的颖花,其结实率随低温强度的加大和持续时间的延长而降低。