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Effect of Cooling Methods on Methane Conversion via Dielectric-Barrier Discharges 被引量:2
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作者 王保伟 杨宽辉 许根慧 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第5期575-580,共6页
Effects of cooling methods on stability and methane conversion rate using dielectric-barrier discharges (DBD) were systematically investigated in this article. The results showed that the methane conversion rate was... Effects of cooling methods on stability and methane conversion rate using dielectric-barrier discharges (DBD) were systematically investigated in this article. The results showed that the methane conversion rate was as high as 44.43% in a pure methane system at a flow rate of 100 mL·min^-1 and an input power of 234.2 W with air cooling. A dark greenish and soft film-like carbon was deposited on the outer surface of quartz tube when the outer electrode was watercooled, which decreased the methane conversion. With air cooling of inner electrode the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons was higher than that with other cooling methods, while the C3 hydrocarbons had higher selectivity with flowing water cooling. Cooling the inner electrode could restrain the carbon deposition, but would decrease the methane conversion rate. The stability of both reaction and plasma operation can be improved through cooling the reactor. From thermodynamic analysis, it was found that the effective collisions frequency among the reactant molecules and free electrons (e^-) increased with temperature, which in turn led to a higher methane conversion rate and a change in the distribution of products. 展开更多
关键词 dielectric-barrier discharges C2 hydrocarbons cooling methods METHANE
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Techno-Economic and Sustainability Analysis of Potential Cooling Methods in Irish Data Centres
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作者 Lee Gibbons Tim Persoons Sajad Alimohammadi 《Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control》 2021年第3期35-54,共20页
11% of Irish electricity was consumed by data centres in 2020. The Irish data centre industry and the cooling methods utilised require reformative actions in the coming years to meet EU Energy policies. The resell of ... 11% of Irish electricity was consumed by data centres in 2020. The Irish data centre industry and the cooling methods utilised require reformative actions in the coming years to meet EU Energy policies. The resell of heat, alternative cooling methods or carbon reduction methods are all possibilities to conform to these policies. This study aims to determine the viability of the resell of waste heat from data centres both technically and economically. This was determined using a novel application of thermodynamics to determine waste heat recovery potential in Irish data centres, and the current methods of heat generation for economical comparison. This paper also explores policy surrounding waste heat recovery within the industry. The Recoverable Carnot Equivalent Power (RCEP) is theoretically calculated for the three potential cooling methods for Irish data centres. These are air, hybrid, and immersion cooling techniques. This is the maximum useable heat that can be recovered from a data centre rack. This study is established under current operating conditions which are optimised for cooling performance, that air cooling has the highest potential RCEP of 0.39 kW/rack. This is approximately 8% of the input electrical power that can be captured as useable heat. Indicating that Irish data centres have the energy potential to be heat providers in the Irish economy. This study highlighted the technical and economic aspects of prevalent cooling techniques and determined air cooling heat recovery cost can be reduced to 0.01 €/kWhth using offsetting. This is financially competitive with current heating solutions in Ireland. 展开更多
关键词 IRELAND Data Centres TECHNO-ECONOMIC Novel cooling methods Heat Resell SUSTAINABILITY Energy Demand
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Microstructure and corrosion resistance of bone-implanted Mg-Zn-Ca-Sr alloy under different cooling methods 被引量:5
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作者 He-Ning Liu Kui Zhang +5 位作者 Xing-Gang Li Yong-Jun Li Ming-Long Ma Guo-Liang Shi Jia-Wei Yuan Kai-Kun Wang 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第3期643-650,共8页
The cooling gradient of Mg-3 Zn-1 Ca-0.5 Sr alloy in cast ingots under different cooling methods(air cooling,warm-water cooling and ice-water-mixture cooling) was examined and the effect of cooling rate on the structu... The cooling gradient of Mg-3 Zn-1 Ca-0.5 Sr alloy in cast ingots under different cooling methods(air cooling,warm-water cooling and ice-water-mixture cooling) was examined and the effect of cooling rate on the structure and corrosion properties was studied.The microstructure of the alloy was composed of α-Mg,Ca_(2) Mg_(6) Zn_(3) and Mg_(17)Sr_(2) phases.As the solidification cooling rate increased,the grain was refined,Zn and Sr were less segregated,the distributions of Zn and Sr were more uniform,and corrosion rate was found to first increase and then decrease;this contradicts the findings of recent research.With cooling rate increasing,the number of corroded microcouples comprising second phase and α-Mg increases.More α-Mg participates in corrosion,leading to a layered and deep corrosion pit and an increased corrosion rate.However,as the microstructure became sufficiently dense,the corroded structure protected the deep α-Mg from participating in corrosion,thus reducing the corrosion rate. 展开更多
关键词 Corrosion Mg-Zn-Ca-Sr MORPHOLOGY cooling methods
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High efficient Raman sideband cooling and strong three-body recombination of atoms
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作者 李玉清 刘震南 +7 位作者 王云飞 武寄洲 刘文良 付永明 李鹏 马杰 肖连团 贾锁堂 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第10期100-105,共6页
We report a highly efficient three-dimensional degenerated Raman sideband cooling(3D dRSC)that enhances the loading of a magnetically levitated optical dipole trap,and observe the strong atom loss due to the three-bod... We report a highly efficient three-dimensional degenerated Raman sideband cooling(3D dRSC)that enhances the loading of a magnetically levitated optical dipole trap,and observe the strong atom loss due to the three-body recombination.The 3D dRSC is implemented to obtain 5×10^(7)Cs atoms with the temperature of~480 nK.The cold temperature enables 1.8×10^(7)atoms loaded into a crossed dipole trap with an optimized excessive levitation magnetic gradient.Compared to the loading of atoms from a bare magneto-optical trap or the gray-molasses cooling,there is a significant increase in the number of atoms loaded into the optical dipole trap.We derive for the three-body recombination coefficient of L_(3)=7.73×10^(-25)cm^(6)/s by analyzing the strong atom loss at a large scattering length of 1418 Bohr radius,and discover the transition from the strong three-body loss to the dominant one-body loss.Our result indicates that the lifetime of atoms in the optical dipole trap is finally decided by the one-body loss after the initial strong three-body loss. 展开更多
关键词 matter wave atom cooling methods ultracold gases
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Adaptive battery thermal management systems in unsteady thermal application contexts
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作者 Kailong Liu Qiao Peng +3 位作者 Zhuoran Liu Wei Li Naxin Cui Chenghui Zhang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期650-668,I0014,共20页
With the increasing attention paid to battery technology,the microscopic reaction mechanism and macroscopic heat transfer process of lithium-ion batteries have been further studied and understood from both academic an... With the increasing attention paid to battery technology,the microscopic reaction mechanism and macroscopic heat transfer process of lithium-ion batteries have been further studied and understood from both academic and industrial perspectives.Temperature,as one of the key parameters in the physical fra mework of batteries,affects the performa nce of the multi-physical fields within the battery,a nd its effective control is crucial.Since the heat generation in the battery is determined by the real-time operating conditions,the battery temperature is essentially controlled by the real-time heat dissipation conditions provided by the battery thermal management system.Conventional battery thermal management systems have basic temperature control capabilities for most conventional application scenarios.However,with the current development of la rge-scale,integrated,and intelligent battery technology,the adva ncement of battery thermal management technology will pay more attention to the effective control of battery temperature under sophisticated situations,such as high power and widely varied operating conditions.In this context,this paper presents the latest advances and representative research related to battery thermal management system.Firstly,starting from battery thermal profile,the mechanism of battery heat generation is discussed in detail.Secondly,the static characteristics of the traditional battery thermal management system are summarized.Then,considering the dynamic requirements of battery heat dissipation under complex operating conditions,the concept of adaptive battery thermal management system is proposed based on specific research cases.Finally,the main challenges for battery thermal management system in practice are identified,and potential future developments to overcome these challenges are presented and discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-ion batteries Heat generation mechanism Battery thermal management system cooling methods Battery safety
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Micro-macro evolution of mechanical behaviors of thermally damaged rock:A state-of-the-art review 被引量:1
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作者 Yunmin Wang Jun Peng +2 位作者 Linfei Wang Chuanhua Xu Bibo Dai 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第7期2833-2853,共21页
The influence of thermal damage on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of different rocks has received much attention in the field of rock engineering.When the rocks are subjected to thermal treatment,the chan... The influence of thermal damage on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of different rocks has received much attention in the field of rock engineering.When the rocks are subjected to thermal treatment,the change of macroscopic characteristics and evolution of micro-structure would be induced,ultimately resulting in different degrees of thermal damage in rocks.To better understand the thermal damage mechanism of different rocks and its effect on the rock performance,this study reviews a large number of test results of rock specimens experiencing heating and cooling treatment in the laboratory.Firstly,the variations of macroscopic behaviors,including physical parameters,mechanical parameters,thermal conductivity and permeability,are examined.The variations of mechanical parameters with thermal treatment variables(i.e.temperature or the number of thermal cycles)are divided into four types.Secondly,several measuring methods for microstructure,such as polarizing microscopy,fluorescent method,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray computerized tomography(CT),acoustic emission(AE)and ultrasonic technique,are introduced.Furthermore,the effect of thermal damage on the mechanical parameters of rocks in response to different thermal treatments,involving temperature magnitude,cooling method and thermal cycle,are discussed.Finally,the limitations and prospects for the research of rock thermal damage are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Thermal damage Macroscopic characteristics Microstructure evolution Temperature magnitude cooling method Thermal cycle
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Influence of cooling speed on the physical and mechanical properties of granite in geothermal-related engineering 被引量:2
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作者 Longchuan Deng Xiaozhao Li +5 位作者 Yun Wu Fuqing Li Zhen Huang Yukun Ji Chunjiang Zou Zuxi Liu 《Deep Underground Science and Engineering》 2022年第1期40-57,共18页
In deep-earth engineering,the high earth temperature can significantly affect the rock's mechanical properties,especially when the rock is cooled during the construction process.Accordingly,whether the cooling spe... In deep-earth engineering,the high earth temperature can significantly affect the rock's mechanical properties,especially when the rock is cooled during the construction process.Accordingly,whether the cooling speed affects the mechanical and physical properties of rocks is worth to be investigated.The present study explored the influence of the cooling rate on the physical and chemical properties of granite heated at 25–800°C.The mechanical and physical properties involved in this study included uniaxial compression strength,peak strain,modulus,P-wave velocity,mass and volume,the change of which could reflect the sensitivity of granite to the cooling rate.Acoustic emission(AE)monitoring,microscopic observation,and X-ray diffraction(XRD)are used to analyze the underlying damage mechanism.It is found that more AE signals and large-scale cracks are accounted for based on the b-value method when the specimens are cooled by water.Furthermore,the microscopic observation by polarized light microscopy indicates that the density,opening degree,and connectivity of the cracks under water cooling mode are higher than that under natural cooling mode.In addition,the XRD illustrates that there is no obvious change in mineral content and diffraction angle at different temperatures,which confirms that the change of mechanical properties is not related to the chemical properties.The present conclusion can provide a perspective to assess the damage caused by different cooling methods to hot rocks. 展开更多
关键词 cooling methods GRANITE high temperature physical and mechanical properties thermal damage
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Analysis of the factors affecting thermal evolution of hot rolled steel during coil cooling 被引量:3
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作者 Jiefeng Cheng Zhengdong Liu Han Dong Yong Gan 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2006年第2期139-143,共5页
The thermal evolution of steel coil during cooling was simulated and investigated by the use of in-house Q-CSP software. The dependence of the thermal evolution of steel coil on cooling methods, temperature distributi... The thermal evolution of steel coil during cooling was simulated and investigated by the use of in-house Q-CSP software. The dependence of the thermal evolution of steel coil on cooling methods, temperature distribution of the strip before coiling, coil size and steel grades was also discussed. The study plays a significant role in helping steel makers to better understand and control the cooling process. 展开更多
关键词 steel coil temperature distribution cooling method SIMULATION
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Microstructure and Property of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron Prepared by Slope Cooling Body-Centrifugal Casting Method 被引量:3
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作者 Zhifu HUANG Jiandong XING Anfeng ZHANG 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第6期775-778,共4页
In this paper, the ring-type ingot of hypereutectic high Cr cast iron was obtained by slope cooling bodycentrifugal casting method (SC-CCM), and its microstructure and impact toughness were investigated, respectivel... In this paper, the ring-type ingot of hypereutectic high Cr cast iron was obtained by slope cooling bodycentrifugal casting method (SC-CCM), and its microstructure and impact toughness were investigated, respectively. The results indicated that, first, the primary carbides in the microstructure are prominently finer than those in the hypereutectic high Cr cast iron prepared by conventional casting method. Second, in the ring-type ingot, the primary carbides near radial outer field are finer than those near radial inner field; furthermore, there is dividing field in the microstructure. Finally, the impact toughness values of the specimens impacted on the radial outer face and on the radial inner face are improved respectively about 36% and 138% more than that of the hypereutectic high Cr one prepared by conventional casting method. 展开更多
关键词 Slope cooling body-centrifugal casting method Hypereutectic high Cr cast iron Primary carbides Microstructure Impact toughness
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Permafrost Characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Methods of Roadbed Construction of Railway 被引量:1
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作者 NIU Fujun XU Jian +2 位作者 LIN Zhanju WU Qingbai CHENG Guodong 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第5期949-958,共10页
Permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet railway is featured by abundant ground ice and high ground temperature. Under the influence of climate warming and engineering activities, the permafrost is under degradation process... Permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet railway is featured by abundant ground ice and high ground temperature. Under the influence of climate warming and engineering activities, the permafrost is under degradation process. The main difficulty in railway roadbed construction is how to prevent thawing settlement caused by degradation of permafrost. Therefore the proactively cooling methods based on controlling solar radiation, heat conductivity and heat convection were adopted instead of the traditional passive methods, which is simply increasing thermal resistance. The cooling methods used in the Qinghai-Tibet railway construction include sunshine-shielding roadbeds, crushed rock based roadbeds, roadbeds with rock revetments, duct-ventilated roadbeds, thermosyphon installed roadbeds and land bridges. The field monitored data show that the cooling methods are effective in protecting the underlying permafrost, the permafrost table was uplifted under the embankments and therefore the roadbed stability was guaranteed. 展开更多
关键词 PERMAFROST ROADBED cooling method Qinghai-Tibet railway
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Numerical simulation of the preparation of semi-solid metal slurry with damper cooling tube method 被引量:1
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作者 Haoqiang Yang Shuisheng Xie Lei Li 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2007年第5期443-448,共6页
In semi-solid forming process, preparing the slurry with rosette or globular microstructure is very important. A new approach named the damper cooling tube method (DCT), to produce the semi-solid metal slurry, has b... In semi-solid forming process, preparing the slurry with rosette or globular microstructure is very important. A new approach named the damper cooling tube method (DCT), to produce the semi-solid metal slurry, has been introduced. To optimize the technical parameters in designing the apparatus, the finite volume method was adopted to simulate the flow process. The temperature effects on the rheological properties of the slurries were also considered. The effects of the technical parameters on the slurry properties were studied in detail. 展开更多
关键词 semi-solid forming RHEOLOGY damper cooling tube method finite volume method
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Preparation of Thermosensitive Microcapsules Containing Water Soluble Powder by Melting Dispersion Cooling Method 被引量:1
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作者 Yoshinari Taguchi Natsukaze Saito +1 位作者 Atsunori Uchida Masato Tanaka 《Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences》 2016年第3期57-69,共14页
It was tried to prepare the thermosensitive microcapsules containing the water soluble solid powder by the melting dispersion cooling method and to establish the optimum preparation conditions. As a model water solubl... It was tried to prepare the thermosensitive microcapsules containing the water soluble solid powder by the melting dispersion cooling method and to establish the optimum preparation conditions. As a model water soluble solid powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate was adopted in order to generate carbon dioxide gas and as a thermosensitive shell material, olefin resin with the melting point of ca. 40°C was used. In the experiment, the concentration of olefin resin in the shell material solution was mainly changed together with the concentrations of the oil soluble surfactant species and the α-tocopherol as a modifier of shell. Addition of α-tocopherol into the shell material solution could prevent the core from breaking away during the microencapsulation process and result in the higher microencapsulation efficiency, because the dispersion stability of solid powder in the shell material solution could be increased due to the increase in affinity between the shell material solution and solid powder. Also, the microencapsulation efficiency increased with the concentration of olefin resin, became maximum at 50 wt% and then, decreased. The microcapsules were found to begin melting at 36°C and to generate carbon dioxide gas. 展开更多
关键词 Thermosensitive Microcapsules MICROENCAPSULATION Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Melting Dispersion cooling Method Olefin Resin
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Effect of cooling method on TiN precipitation behavior of high-titanium high-strength steel during solidification
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作者 Xue-jian Zhang Guang-wei Yang +4 位作者 Yong Wan Yong-hong Wen Chuan-sheng Tang Ming-qi Liu Li-jie Tian 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期1692-1703,共12页
Metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and TiN growth thermodynamic and kinetic equations were used to investigate the morphology,quantity,and size of TiN in the center of high-titanium high-strength s... Metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and TiN growth thermodynamic and kinetic equations were used to investigate the morphology,quantity,and size of TiN in the center of high-titanium high-strength steels under different solidification cooling rates.The results showed that TiN in the center of the experimental steels mainly existed in three forms:single,composite(Al2O3-TiN),and multi-particle aggregation.TiN began precipitating at around 1497℃(solidification fraction of 0.74).From the end of melting to solidification for 180 s,the cooling rates in the center of the experimental steels for furnace cooling,air cooling,refractory mold cooling,and cast iron mold cooling tended to stabilize at 0.17,0.93,1.65,and 2.15℃/s,respectively.The size of TiN in the center of the experimental steel cooled using furnace cooling was mainly concentrated in the 5-15 pm range.In contrast,the size of TiN in the center of the experimental steels cooled using air cooling,refractory mold cooling,and cast iron mold cooling were mainly concentrated in the 1-5 pm range.In addition,their density of TiN in the center of the experimental steels is signif-icantly higher than that of the furnace-cooled experimental steel.Thermodynamic and kinetic precipitation models of TiN established predicted the growth size of TiN in a high-titanium high-strength steel when the solidification cooling rates are not below 0.93℃/s. 展开更多
关键词 High-titanium steel cooling method TIN THERMODYNAMICS Kinetics
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Production of dual species Bose–Einstein condensates of ^(39)K and ^(87)Rb 被引量:1
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作者 Cheng-Dong Mi Khan Sadiq Nawaz +4 位作者 Peng-Jun Wang Liang-Chao Chen Zeng-Ming Meng Lianghui Huang Jing Zhang 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第6期266-274,共9页
We report the production of^(39) K and^(87) Rb Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs) in the lowest hyperfine states |F =1, m_(F) = 1 simultaneously. We collect atoms in bright/dark magneto-optical traps(MOTs) of^(39) K/^(8... We report the production of^(39) K and^(87) Rb Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs) in the lowest hyperfine states |F =1, m_(F) = 1 simultaneously. We collect atoms in bright/dark magneto-optical traps(MOTs) of^(39) K/^(87) Rb to overcome the light-assisted losses of^(39) K atoms. Gray molasses cooling on the D1 line of the^(39) K is used to effectively increase the phase density, which improves the loading efficiency of^(39) K into the quadrupole magnetic trap. Simultaneously, the normal molasses is employed for^(87) Rb. After the microwave evaporation cooling on^(87) Rb in the optically plugged magnetic trap,the atoms mixture is transferred to a crossed optical dipole trap, where the collisional properties of the two species in different combinations of the hyperfine states are studied. The dual species BECs of^(39) K and^(87) Rb are obtained by further evaporative cooling in an optical dipole trap at a magnetic field of 372.6 G with the background repulsive interspecies scattering length a_(KRb)= 34 a_(0)(a_(0) is the Bohr radius) and the intraspecies scattering length a_K= 20.05 a_(0). 展开更多
关键词 atom cooling methods ultracold collisions ultracold gases hyperfine interactions
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Preparation and Characterization of High Purity Al_(2-x)Mg_(x+y)Ti_(1-y)O_(5-0.5x-y) Solid Solution 被引量:1
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作者 陈捷 沈阳 阮玉忠 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第12期1652-1656,共5页
A small amount of mineralizer MgO was added into Al2TiO5 synthesized from the sludge of aluminum factory to form Al(2-x)Mg(x+y)Ti(1-y)O(5-0.5x-y) solid solution and inhibit the decomposition of Al2TiO5 solid ... A small amount of mineralizer MgO was added into Al2TiO5 synthesized from the sludge of aluminum factory to form Al(2-x)Mg(x+y)Ti(1-y)O(5-0.5x-y) solid solution and inhibit the decomposition of Al2TiO5 solid solution. It increased the content of Al2TiO5 solid solution and improved the thermal stability of materials. In this work,XRD and SEM methods were adopted to characterize the crystalline structure and microstructure of each kind of sample. Rietveld Quantification method was used to determine the content of crystalline phases in each sample. Results show as follows: the optimal addition concentration of MgO was 2.0%,and the corresponding content of Al2TiO5 solid solution which displayed irregular bulk shape was 100%; the addition of mineralizer MgO could enhance the flexural strength and thermal stability of Al2TiO5 solid solution materials. The optimal addition concentration of MgO determined by performance analysis was 2.0%,and its corresponding retention rate of thermal-shock flexural strength was 86.4%. Structure analysis and performance analysis resulted in good accordance. 展开更多
关键词 aluminum titanate solid solution MgO mineralizer water cooling method
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The homogenization temperature in the fluid inclusions of Ordovician halite and paleoclimatic implication 被引量:1
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作者 HU Bin KONG Fanjing +2 位作者 ZHANG Yongsheng ZHENG Mianping CHEN Jing 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第S1期10-11,共2页
1 Introduction The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions reflects the temperatures of the brines from which halite crystals grew.Therefore,it is a powerful mean to reveal the paleoclimate.Northern Shaanxi Sal... 1 Introduction The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions reflects the temperatures of the brines from which halite crystals grew.Therefore,it is a powerful mean to reveal the paleoclimate.Northern Shaanxi Salt Basin is located in the central and eastern of Ordos Basin.We have detail petrographical research and the homogenization 展开更多
关键词 Fluid inclusions in halite homogenization temperature cooling nucleation method halite of Northern Shaanxi Basin in Ordovician paleoclimate.
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The use of phase-change cooling strategy in proton exchange membrane fuel cells:A numerical study 被引量:4
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作者 YAN XiaoHui PENG YiMeng +4 位作者 SHEN YuanTing SHEN ShuiYun WEI GuangHua YIN JieWei ZHANG JunLiang 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第12期2762-2770,共9页
Thermal management is considered a critical issue in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),since it not only influences the cell performance but also impacts PEMFC’s reliability and durability.With the ever-inc... Thermal management is considered a critical issue in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),since it not only influences the cell performance but also impacts PEMFC’s reliability and durability.With the ever-increasing power density of PEMFC,traditional cooling approaches including air cooling and water cooling become difficult to meet the demand for highpower heat dissipation.Therefore,phase-change cooling is proposed for fuel cell application in this work,and the potential advantages are discussed and demonstrated via a mathematical model incorporating phase-change heat transfer.The thermal management performance is evaluated by temperature uniformity,maximum temperature difference,and the cooling capacity to compare the difference between phase-change cooling and traditional methods,which demonstrates that phase-change cooling owns a greatly improved thermal management performance.In addition,a simple method to broaden the operating temperature of phase-change cooling based on one certain coolant is offered,which is pressurizing in the coolant channel to regulate the boiling temperature that could further improve the application feasibility of phase-change cooling strategy in fuel cells. 展开更多
关键词 PEMFC thermal management cooling method temperature distribution phase-change cooling
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Flow Structure and Heat Exchange Analysis in Internal Cooling Channel of Gas Turbine Blade 被引量:3
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作者 Ryszard Szwaba Piotr Kaczynski +1 位作者 Piotr Doerffer Janusz Telega 《Journal of Thermal Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第4期336-341,共6页
This paper presents the study of the flow structure and heat transfer,and also their correlations on the four walls of a radial cooling passage model of a gas turbine blade.The investigations focus on heat transfer an... This paper presents the study of the flow structure and heat transfer,and also their correlations on the four walls of a radial cooling passage model of a gas turbine blade.The investigations focus on heat transfer and aerodynamic measurements in the channel,which is an accurate representation of the configuration used in aeroengines.Correlations for the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop used in the design of radial cooling passages are often developed from simplified models.It is important to note that real engine passages do not have perfect rectangular cross sections,but include coiner fillet,ribs with fillet radii and special orientation.Therefore,this work provides detailed fluid flow and heat transfer data for a model of radial cooling geometry which possesses very realistic features. 展开更多
关键词 cooling internal blade channels heat exchange transient liquid crystal method
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Effects of Cooling Paths on Through-Thickness Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heavy Gauge X80 Pipeline Steel 被引量:1
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作者 Xu-Dong Li Cheng-Ning Li +1 位作者 Guo Yuan Guo-Dong Wang 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第5期483-492,共10页
The effects of various cooling paths on uniformity of through-thickness microstructure and mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steel of 22.0 mm in thickness were studied. The finite difference method was employed to... The effects of various cooling paths on uniformity of through-thickness microstructure and mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steel of 22.0 mm in thickness were studied. The finite difference method was employed to calculate the temperature field during cooling. It was confirmed by the experimental result and temperature field calculation that the optimizing process was achieved by the ultra-fast cooling with medium cooling capacity(cooling rate of *23 K/s)followed by ultimate cooling capacity(cooling rate of *50 K/s). After optimization, the experimental steel displayed much uniform microstructure and the deviation of through-thickness hardness was controlled within 20 HV. In addition,the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the experimental steel were 621, 728 MPa and 21.5%, respectively,meeting the requirements of the API standard for X80 pipeline steels. 展开更多
关键词 X80 pipeline steel Ultra-fast cooling cooling path Finite difference method Microstructure Mechanical properties
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Controlled synthesis of hollow magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres: Effect of the cooling rate 被引量:2
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作者 Yong Hong Hongbing Shi +3 位作者 Xia Shu Yuchun Zheng Yong Zhang Yucfieng Wu 《Particuology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第4期24-28,共5页
The controlled synthesis of hollow magnetite (Fe3O4) nanospheres of varying sizes and structures was successfully obtained via a facile solvothermal process and varying cooling processes. The Fe3O4 nanospheres were ... The controlled synthesis of hollow magnetite (Fe3O4) nanospheres of varying sizes and structures was successfully obtained via a facile solvothermal process and varying cooling processes. The Fe3O4 nanospheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning elec- tron microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The diameters of the as-synthesized nanospheres were controlled at around 500-700 nm by simply changing the cool- ing rate, which had an obvious influence on the morphology and magnetic properties of these Fe3O4 nanospheres. While a low cooling rate triggered the formation and extension of the cracks present in the Fe3O4 nanospheres, a sudden drop of temperature tended to favor multi-site nucleation of the crystals as well as the formation of compact and smooth hollow nanospheres with superior crystallinity and high saturation magnetization. The growth mechanism of hollow magnetite oxide nanospheres was proposed and the correlation between the structure and the magnetic properties of the hollow nanospheres was discussed, which promises the potential of the hollow nanospheres in various applications such as drug delivery and cell separation. 展开更多
关键词 Solvothermal method Fe3O4 nanosphere Hollow structure cooling rate Magnetic property
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