Coal has been the main energy source in China for a long period.Therefore,the energy industry must improve coal power generation efficiency and achieve near-zero CO_(2) emissions.Integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC...Coal has been the main energy source in China for a long period.Therefore,the energy industry must improve coal power generation efficiency and achieve near-zero CO_(2) emissions.Integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)systems that combine coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells,such as solid oxide fuel cells or molten carbonate fuel cells(MCFCs),are proving to be promising for efficient and clean power generation,compared with traditional coal-fired power plants.In 2017,with the support of National Key R&D Program of China,a consortium led by the China Energy Group and including 12 institutions was formed to develop the advanced IGFC technology with near-zero CO_(2) emissions.The objectives of this project include understanding the performance of an IGFC power generation system under different operating conditions,designing master system principles for engineering optimization,developing key technologies and intellectual property portfolios,setting up supply chains for key materials and equipment,and operating the first megawatt IGFC demonstration system with near-zero CO_(2) emission,in early 2022.In this paper,the main developments and projections pertaining to the IGFC project are highlighted.展开更多
Abstract Here,we provide a status update of an integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)power-generation system being developed at the National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon in China at the megawatt thermal(MWth)sca...Abstract Here,we provide a status update of an integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)power-generation system being developed at the National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon in China at the megawatt thermal(MWth)scale.This system is designed to use coal as fuel to produce syngas as a first step,similar to that employed for the integrated gasification combined cycle.Subsequently,the solid-oxide fuel-cell(SOFC)system is used to convert chemical energy to electricity directly through an electrochemical reaction without combustion.This system leads to higher efficiency as compared with that from a traditional coal-fired power plant.The unreacted fuel in the SOFC system is transported to an oxygencombustor to be converted to steam and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Through a heat-recovery system,the steam is condensed and removed,and CO_(2) is enriched and captured for sequestration or utilization.Comprehensive economic analyses for a typical IGFC system was performed and the results were compared with those for a supercritical pulverized coal-fired power plant.The SOFC stacks selected for IGFC development were tested and qualified under hydrogen and simulated coal syngas fuel.Experimental results using SOFC stacks and thermodynamic analyses indicated that the control of hydrogen/CO ratio of syngas and steam/CO ratio is important to avoid carbon deposition with the fuel pipe.A 20-kW SOFC unit is under development with design power output of 20 kW and DC efficiency of 50.41%.A 100 kW-level subsystem will consist of 6920-kW power-generation units,and the MWth IGFC system will consist of 59100 kWlevel subsystems.展开更多
Integrated gasification fuel cells(IGFCs)integrating high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology with CO_(2)capture processes represents highly-efficient power systems with negligible CO_(2)emissions.Flame burni...Integrated gasification fuel cells(IGFCs)integrating high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology with CO_(2)capture processes represents highly-efficient power systems with negligible CO_(2)emissions.Flame burning with pure oxygen is an ideal method for fuel cell exhaust gas treatment,and this report describes experimental and numerical studies regarding an oxy-combustor for treating the exhaust gas of a 10 kW IGFC system anode.The applied simulation method was verified based on experiments,and the key performance indices of the combustor were studied under various conditions.It was determined that 315 K was the ideal condensation temperature to obtain flame stability.Under these pure oxygen flame burning conditions,CO was almost completely converted,and the dry mole fraction of CO_(2)after burning was C 0.958 when there was up to 5%excess O_(2).Overall,5%excess O_(2)was recommended to maximize CO_(2)capture and promote other environmental considerations.Additionally,the optimal tangential fuel jet angle to control the liner temperature was approximately 25°.The total fuel utilization had to be high enough to maintain the oxygen flame temperature of the anode exhaust gas below 1800 K to ensure that the system was environmentally friendly.The results presented herein have great value for designing IGFCs coupled with CO_(2)capture systems.展开更多
As the demand for green energy with high efficiency and low carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions has increased,solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have been intensively developed in recent years.Integrated gasification fuel cells(IG...As the demand for green energy with high efficiency and low carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions has increased,solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have been intensively developed in recent years.Integrated gasification fuel cells(IGFCs)in particular show potential for large-scale power generation to further increase system efficiency.Thus,for commercial application of IGFCs,it is important to design reliable multi-stacks for large systems that show long-term stability and practical fuel gas for application to industrial equipment.In this work,a test rig(of a 5 kW SOFC system,with syngas from industrial gasifiers as fuel)was fabricated and subjected to long-term tests under high fuel utilization to investigate its performance.The maximum steady output power of the system was 5700 W using hydrogen and 5660 W using syngas and the maximum steady electrical efficiency was 61.24%while the fuel utilization efficiency was 89.25%.The test lasted for more than 500 h as the fuel utilization efficiency was larger than 83%.The performances of each stack tower were almost identical at both the initial stage and after long-term operation.After 500 h operation,the performances of the stack towers decreased only slightly under lower current and showed almost no change under high current.These results demonstrate the reliability of the multi-stack design and the prospect of this SOFC power-generation system for further enlarging its application in a MWth demonstration.展开更多
The hydrogen fuel cell is rapidly attracting research interest for its potential in power generation and electrified transportation.The fuel cell stack(FCS)is a complex system comprising multiple coupled subsystems,an...The hydrogen fuel cell is rapidly attracting research interest for its potential in power generation and electrified transportation.The fuel cell stack(FCS)is a complex system comprising multiple coupled subsystems,and in order to maximize the utilization of an FCS,the system-level design and control can be optimized through modeling,data-based analytics and monitoring.To this end,a systematic overview of the system architecture and control of hydrogen fuel cells is provided in this review,with focus on integration and intelligence.Firstly,the fuel cell subsystems,namely the cathode,anode and cooling loops are reviewed,where their respective control methods and impact on FCS performance are discussed.DC/DC converters are another core component of FCS,and we present an overview of fuel cell DC/DC converter topologies and integrated control of DC/DC converter and air compressor.Finally,the system-level integration of fuel cells in power systems is surveyed.In the conclusions,we discuss the challenges and perspectives concerning the integrated architecture and intelligent control for FCS,including cohesive dynamic models,data-based approaches,and integrated hardware architecture.展开更多
Combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP)systems are characterized by a substantially higher energy-utilization efficiency compared to standalone systems.In this study,an integrated system comprising a solid-oxide fuel...Combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP)systems are characterized by a substantially higher energy-utilization efficiency compared to standalone systems.In this study,an integrated system comprising a solid-oxide fuel cell(SOFC),hot-water storage tank(HWST)and absorption refrigeration(AR)cycle is considered.The SOFC model was developed in Aspen Plus®.It was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of the exhaust gas that was then used to provide heat for the HWST and to drive the AR cycle.Thermodynamic models for the AR cycles were developed in Engineering Equation Solver,considering LiBr-H2O and NH3-H2O as working fluids.The sensitivity analysis of a number of SOFC output parameters has been carried out.The most optimal case was characterized with the coefficient of performance(COP)and CCHP efficiency of 0.806 and 85.2%for the LiBr-H2O system,and 0.649 and 83.6%for the NH3-H2O system,respectively.Under such optimal operating conditions,the SOFC was characterized by the net electrical efficiency of 57.5%and the net power output of 123.66 kW.Data from the optimal solution were used to perform the thermodynamic study and sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of different absorption cycle operating conditions and to identify possible applications for the considered integrated systems.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0601900).
文摘Coal has been the main energy source in China for a long period.Therefore,the energy industry must improve coal power generation efficiency and achieve near-zero CO_(2) emissions.Integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)systems that combine coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells,such as solid oxide fuel cells or molten carbonate fuel cells(MCFCs),are proving to be promising for efficient and clean power generation,compared with traditional coal-fired power plants.In 2017,with the support of National Key R&D Program of China,a consortium led by the China Energy Group and including 12 institutions was formed to develop the advanced IGFC technology with near-zero CO_(2) emissions.The objectives of this project include understanding the performance of an IGFC power generation system under different operating conditions,designing master system principles for engineering optimization,developing key technologies and intellectual property portfolios,setting up supply chains for key materials and equipment,and operating the first megawatt IGFC demonstration system with near-zero CO_(2) emission,in early 2022.In this paper,the main developments and projections pertaining to the IGFC project are highlighted.
基金The authors thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China for financial support under contract of 2017YEB061900。
文摘Abstract Here,we provide a status update of an integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)power-generation system being developed at the National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon in China at the megawatt thermal(MWth)scale.This system is designed to use coal as fuel to produce syngas as a first step,similar to that employed for the integrated gasification combined cycle.Subsequently,the solid-oxide fuel-cell(SOFC)system is used to convert chemical energy to electricity directly through an electrochemical reaction without combustion.This system leads to higher efficiency as compared with that from a traditional coal-fired power plant.The unreacted fuel in the SOFC system is transported to an oxygencombustor to be converted to steam and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Through a heat-recovery system,the steam is condensed and removed,and CO_(2) is enriched and captured for sequestration or utilization.Comprehensive economic analyses for a typical IGFC system was performed and the results were compared with those for a supercritical pulverized coal-fired power plant.The SOFC stacks selected for IGFC development were tested and qualified under hydrogen and simulated coal syngas fuel.Experimental results using SOFC stacks and thermodynamic analyses indicated that the control of hydrogen/CO ratio of syngas and steam/CO ratio is important to avoid carbon deposition with the fuel pipe.A 20-kW SOFC unit is under development with design power output of 20 kW and DC efficiency of 50.41%.A 100 kW-level subsystem will consist of 6920-kW power-generation units,and the MWth IGFC system will consist of 59100 kWlevel subsystems.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0601900).
文摘Integrated gasification fuel cells(IGFCs)integrating high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology with CO_(2)capture processes represents highly-efficient power systems with negligible CO_(2)emissions.Flame burning with pure oxygen is an ideal method for fuel cell exhaust gas treatment,and this report describes experimental and numerical studies regarding an oxy-combustor for treating the exhaust gas of a 10 kW IGFC system anode.The applied simulation method was verified based on experiments,and the key performance indices of the combustor were studied under various conditions.It was determined that 315 K was the ideal condensation temperature to obtain flame stability.Under these pure oxygen flame burning conditions,CO was almost completely converted,and the dry mole fraction of CO_(2)after burning was C 0.958 when there was up to 5%excess O_(2).Overall,5%excess O_(2)was recommended to maximize CO_(2)capture and promote other environmental considerations.Additionally,the optimal tangential fuel jet angle to control the liner temperature was approximately 25°.The total fuel utilization had to be high enough to maintain the oxygen flame temperature of the anode exhaust gas below 1800 K to ensure that the system was environmentally friendly.The results presented herein have great value for designing IGFCs coupled with CO_(2)capture systems.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM201611417009)the Project of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(4142018)the Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(CIT&TCD20150314)
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0601900).
文摘As the demand for green energy with high efficiency and low carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions has increased,solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have been intensively developed in recent years.Integrated gasification fuel cells(IGFCs)in particular show potential for large-scale power generation to further increase system efficiency.Thus,for commercial application of IGFCs,it is important to design reliable multi-stacks for large systems that show long-term stability and practical fuel gas for application to industrial equipment.In this work,a test rig(of a 5 kW SOFC system,with syngas from industrial gasifiers as fuel)was fabricated and subjected to long-term tests under high fuel utilization to investigate its performance.The maximum steady output power of the system was 5700 W using hydrogen and 5660 W using syngas and the maximum steady electrical efficiency was 61.24%while the fuel utilization efficiency was 89.25%.The test lasted for more than 500 h as the fuel utilization efficiency was larger than 83%.The performances of each stack tower were almost identical at both the initial stage and after long-term operation.After 500 h operation,the performances of the stack towers decreased only slightly under lower current and showed almost no change under high current.These results demonstrate the reliability of the multi-stack design and the prospect of this SOFC power-generation system for further enlarging its application in a MWth demonstration.
文摘The hydrogen fuel cell is rapidly attracting research interest for its potential in power generation and electrified transportation.The fuel cell stack(FCS)is a complex system comprising multiple coupled subsystems,and in order to maximize the utilization of an FCS,the system-level design and control can be optimized through modeling,data-based analytics and monitoring.To this end,a systematic overview of the system architecture and control of hydrogen fuel cells is provided in this review,with focus on integration and intelligence.Firstly,the fuel cell subsystems,namely the cathode,anode and cooling loops are reviewed,where their respective control methods and impact on FCS performance are discussed.DC/DC converters are another core component of FCS,and we present an overview of fuel cell DC/DC converter topologies and integrated control of DC/DC converter and air compressor.Finally,the system-level integration of fuel cells in power systems is surveyed.In the conclusions,we discuss the challenges and perspectives concerning the integrated architecture and intelligent control for FCS,including cohesive dynamic models,data-based approaches,and integrated hardware architecture.
文摘Combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP)systems are characterized by a substantially higher energy-utilization efficiency compared to standalone systems.In this study,an integrated system comprising a solid-oxide fuel cell(SOFC),hot-water storage tank(HWST)and absorption refrigeration(AR)cycle is considered.The SOFC model was developed in Aspen Plus®.It was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of the exhaust gas that was then used to provide heat for the HWST and to drive the AR cycle.Thermodynamic models for the AR cycles were developed in Engineering Equation Solver,considering LiBr-H2O and NH3-H2O as working fluids.The sensitivity analysis of a number of SOFC output parameters has been carried out.The most optimal case was characterized with the coefficient of performance(COP)and CCHP efficiency of 0.806 and 85.2%for the LiBr-H2O system,and 0.649 and 83.6%for the NH3-H2O system,respectively.Under such optimal operating conditions,the SOFC was characterized by the net electrical efficiency of 57.5%and the net power output of 123.66 kW.Data from the optimal solution were used to perform the thermodynamic study and sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of different absorption cycle operating conditions and to identify possible applications for the considered integrated systems.