China and Russia on the Baltic Sea: Between Rivalry and Cooperation

The Russian-Chinese cooperation conducted on sea basin conducted in the 21st century is aimed at limiting the US ability to control global transport routes,especially energy transport carriers.The community of interests outlined in this way allows for undertaking a number of political and economic initiatives and the use of demonstration of strength in regions where the national interests of both countries are located.Its scope is limited by existing divergences,which particularly concern the European policy of both countries.Chinese plans to build the One Belt One Road transport system are violating the status quo in Eurasia in favour of Beijing.While under the Asian policy both countries have managed to reach a compromise regarding the way of economic activity and the formula for building this merger,the scale of divergence of interests in Europe limits the possibility of reaching a similar agreement.Russia’s goal is primarily to limit the US’s ability to control northern shipping routes,followed by maintaining political and economic influence in Europe in the context of China’s increasing activity and the gradual decrease in the demand for energy resources.For China,the goal is to make the most effective use of the transport system to Europe,ultimately based on the One Belt One Road project.Therefore,the only common strategic goals of both countries in relation to Europe are striving to transfer the burden of US maritime activity from Asian reservoirs to the waters of the Artic and North Atlantic the seas surrounding Europe.However,the Chinese from this group exclude the Baltic Sea,which is to be an area of political stability.However,in the assumptions of Russian policy,the Baltic is to be a substitute region for conducting Arctic rivalry.The existing discrepancies mean that the scope of European cooperation of both countries is limited and will focus on limiting the American dominance on maritime shipping routes and economic undertakings enabling the realization of the interests of both countries.

Interconnectivity in the Region of Eurasia:Mongolia’s Presence in the SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was formed in 2001 after breakdown of the socialist system and the Soviet Union as a new form of cooperation between former socialist countries in Eurasian region.Mongolia joined the SCO in 2005 with an observer member status.Since 2007,Presidents of Mongolia began to participate every year to the Summit of the heads of SCO member states.By the initiative of Mongolian President,in 2014 the tripartite format of the meetings of the leaders of three countries:Russia,China,and Mongolia were established.In June 2016,during the third meeting of the leaders of Russia,China,and Mongolia in Tashkent(Uzbekistan),“The Russia-China-Mongolia Economic Corridor Program”document was signed.This program is aiming to develop the infrastructure of three countries,ensuring the competitiveness of products on the world market,and strengthening the Eurasian integration.The content of this program is combining the main ideas of Chinese“Belt-Road”megaproject,Russian initiative for developing of Eurasian economic integration and Mongolian“Steppe Road”project.The main goal of the“Steppe Road”initiative is to involve Mongolia to become the transit territory for transportation of natural gas,oil,and other products between Russia and China.In conclusion,the author gives some comments regarding the issue of full membership status of Mongolia to the international organization—SCO.

An analysis on Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic in the BRI era

Over the past decade Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic has emerged as one of the major topics of the Russia-China negotiations on how to expand their comprehensive strategic partnership and to bring it to a new level. China considers the Arctic region important for its economic interests and desires to be included in the development of the region and its economic potential. For Russia, the Arctic is a future strategic resource base that would replace the old depleting fields and assure Russia’s status as a major worldwide energy supplier. Despite many joint statements on deepening of the Sino-Russian cooperation in the development of the Arctic energy resources, the concrete results of these ambitious plans are few. Some joint projects were dropped, as China and Russia could not agree on the conditions of the deal, others are progressing very slowly and have an uncertain future. In 2017, China has expanded its "Belt and Road Initiative"(BRI) to the Arctic thus elevating the Sino-Russian cooperation in the Artcic to a higher level. How did the relationship between Russia and China evolve in the Arctic and how do Russia and China view and respond to the new Arctic dimension of the BRI? What factors limit the strategic rapprochement between China and Russia in the Arctic?

China-Europe Higher Education Cooperation: Opportunities and Challenges

This article introduces Frontiers of Education in China’s special issue on China-Europe higher education cooperation.It is more than simply an introduction to the five studies collected for the special issue.Rather,it provides an overview of higher education cooperation between China and Europe from the perspective of opportunities and challenges.Such background information will help readers not only better understand the studies included in the special issue,but also link these studies to a bigger picture of China-Europe higher education cooperation.

The cooperative and conflictual interactions between the United States,Russia,and China:A quantitative analysis of event data

The United States,Russia and China are militarily and economically among the most powerful countries in the post-Cold War period,and the interactions between the three powers heavily influence the international system.However,different conclusions about this question are generally made by researchers through qualitative analysis,and it is necessary to objectively and quantitatively investigate their interactions.Monthly-aggregated event data from the Global Data on Events,Location and Tone(GDELT)to measure cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three powers,and the complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF)and the vector autoregression(VAR)method are utilized to investigate their interactions in two periods:January,1991 to September,2001,and October,2001 to December,2016.The results of frequencies and strengths analysis showed that:the frequencies and strengths of USA-China interactions slightly exceeded those of USA-Russia interactions and became the dominant interactions in the second period.Although that cooperation prevailed in the three dyads in two periods,the conflictual interactions between the USA and Russia tended to be more intense in the second period,mainly related to the strategic contradiction between the USA and Russia,especially in Georgia,Ukraine and Syria.The results of CCDF indicated that similar probabilities in the cooperative behaviors between the three dyads,but the differences in the probabilities of conflictual behaviors in the USA-Russia dyad showed complicated characteristic,and those between Russia and China indicated that Russia had been consistently giving China a hard time in both periods when dealing with conflict.The USA was always an essential factor in affecting the interactions between Russia and China in both periods,but China’s behavior only played a limited role in influencing the interactions between the USA-Russia dyad.Our study provides quantitative insight into the direct cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three dyads since the end of the Cold War and helps to understand their interactions better.

Education and Skills Development in China-Africa Cooperation

Education,skills,and the development of an African workforce are at a critical moment.While it is recognized that Chinese firms hire local people,the focus of the debate is more on the position and opportunities for training and advancement.As such,the paper tries to answer the following questions.Does China really contribute to skills development in Africa?Does China employment,education,and skills transfer pattern contribute to Africa’s own structural transformation and benefit African workforce?In attempting to answer these questions,this paper first lays out the current magnitude of demand for skills in Africa and the priorities for education and skills transfer that can successfully address Africa’s skills shortage.Significantly,this will enable researchers and non-researchers to understand the diversity of Chinese firms’skills transfer patterns and the reasons behind these patterns.In order to present a comprehensive and precise picture as well as understand the context for China and Africa education and skills transfer development,the paper draws from various data collected from diverse sources,including government statistics,firm reports,second-hand academic literature,local and international news media,official government reports,and research studies.The paper suggests that the assessment of skills transfer pattern should not only consider employees’and employers’direct interests,but also in the short run,skills transfer should focus on offering short,practical courses to secondary and higher education graduates involving primarily on-the-job training.In the long run,there is a need to change the way employees and students are trained,including curriculum reforms that favor science,technology,engineering,and mathematics.Emphasis should also be placed on critical thinking,problem-solving,discovery,and experiential training.

"Teaching to Fish"Rather Than"Giving a Fish"Is China Contributing to the Global Sustainable Futures?

"Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day;teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime".This proverb now becomes the slogan of China's international aid.This paper is based on my previous empirical studies on China's"donor logic"of aid.Rather than looking at the motives of Chinese aid and how it is challenging the Western ideas,this paper focuses on policy discourse and tries to seek the recent trends and knowledge transformations of China's international cooperation of education.

中国—东盟职业教育国际交流与合作的障碍与对策研究

当前,我国积极开展贸易合作,在中国—东盟经贸合作中积极践行“一带一路”政策,这为中国—东盟的职业教育合作也创造了新的机遇。我国和东盟国家的职业教育合作办学有一定的历史渊源及合作基础。研究中国—东盟职业教育合作办学体制,对于进一步促进国际教育合作、实现跨境协同育人、促进双边合作和发展都具有重要意义。

中国-东盟职业教育合作机制探究

中国-东盟互为重要的合作伙伴,也是全球经济最具增长力的区域之一。在“一带一路”的合作倡议下,中国与东盟之间的职业教育合作前景广阔。与此同时,中国-东盟职业教育合作中也存在着政策法律缺失、合作机制不健全等问题,需要通过全面建立职业教育合作共同体、优化合作机制、完善职业教育合作体系等举措,推动中国-东盟职业教育的融合发展。

促进抑或阻碍:家校合作活动与家长学业参与——基于CEPS数据的实证分析

家校合作是基础教育综合改革的重要举措,学校与家庭之间的合作对学生的学习和成长具有重要影响。基于中国教育追踪调查数据,采用多元线性回归等方法,探究以学校为主导的家校合作的各项活动对家长学业参与的影响,并分析家校合作活动对不同文化资本家长学业参与影响的异质性。研究发现:生活辅导和家长会对家长学业参与存在正向促进作用,在部分维度上,对文化资本较低家长的学业参与影响效应更大;邀请家长观看演出或者参与课外活动对家长学业参与可能存在阻碍作用;书面报告、邀请家长听课或座谈只对文化资本较高的家长学业参与产生显著正向影响。学校应重视文化资本较低家长的需求,优化家校合作的各项活动,以促进家长更好地参与子女的教育。

中俄边境经贸合作示范与边境自贸试验区开放探索

中俄两国高度重视地方合作对两国经贸关系的促进作用。边境经贸合作作为地方合作的重要组成部分,也是当前中俄两国政府非常重视的合作领域。由于传统安全观的影响,边境地区的开放发展被赋予的自主权较为有限,造成边境地区经贸合作的屏蔽效应远大于中介效应,开放步伐相对缓慢。黑龙江省作为对俄重要边境地区,其自贸试验区正在探索系统性的跨境经贸合作政策制度,但由于跨境合作场景受限的问题,现有政策探索难以完全有效落地。根据边境合作理论,地方政府对边境合作成效有关键性影响,为促进中俄边境经贸合作有更务实的成效,建议以黑龙江自贸试验区边境合作政策创新实践为依托,结合俄在远东地区的开放改革空间,推动达成中俄边境经贸创新合作示范协定,在两国边境现有开放发展区的基础上建立中俄边境经贸合作示范区,通过给与两国边境示范区充分的开放改革自主权,为边境合作理论的突破性发展提供经验支撑,并为两国边境合作从贸易为主适度转向产业为主的深度经贸关系做出示范性贡献。

民国时期建教合作政策的生成与转化——话语分析的视角

建教合作政策是产教融合政策的前身之一,话语分析是解构它的准备、生产与消费谱系的可行方法。在话语准备中,民国时期的特殊社会语境赋予建教学校、行政运行、专业教学三组政策群以经济、政治、文化色彩。话语权势、话语秩序、话语立场的由民转官、由弱转强、由建议转命令三处语用转折显示了建教合作政策的话语生产节点。在政府、媒体、政策部门中,建教合作政策的话语消费表现为稳定性、演绎性、共时性3条互文逻辑。基于话语准备、话语生产、话语消费的维度展开对民国时期建教合作政策的析理与透视,除了能够厘清民国时期建教合作政策的诞生情况,还能讨论当下产教融合政策的发展。

俄乌冲突促使俄罗斯转向中国

俄乌冲突及其导致的俄罗斯与西方对抗促使俄转向中国。俄罗斯外贸、能源出口和金融等转向中国,因此中国成为俄最大贸易伙伴和能源市场,人民币成为俄主要外汇储备货币、国际结算货币和外汇交易货币。俄罗斯外交也在一定程度上转向中国,主要包括俄在构建世界新秩序和反对霸权主义、俄乌冲突国际调解以及欧亚地区安全治理方面倚重中国。转向中国是特殊时期俄罗斯被迫之选,权宜之法;是加强对华关系,不是向中国一边倒。在转向中国的同时,俄罗斯致力于经济本土化和外交多元化,随时准备缓和与美欧的关系。虽然中俄经贸关系呈现不平衡性和俄罗斯外交对中国有所倚重,但是两国关系总体上仍然是平等、互信、友好与合作的。中俄两国应继续在平等互利的基础上发展各领域合作——既不为美西方散布的“俄罗斯依附中国论”所离间,又要促进彼此经济依存与政治信任——以推动中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系持续发展。

新时代辽宁省与俄罗斯远东地区开展海洋合作研究

新时代以来,中俄关系达到了历史新高度,两国之间的合作交流也深入到海洋方面。中国辽宁和俄罗斯远东地区是东北亚区域的重要沿海地带,两地区之间开展海洋合作有利于海洋经济发展、东北亚海域安全和海洋生态环境治理。但双方海洋合作也面临着东北亚国际局势不稳定、双方基础设施互联互通水平不高、双方海洋产业有待优化、缺少有效法律制度保障等问题,阻碍了双方海洋合作的进一步发展。因此,辽宁省在与俄罗斯远东开展海洋合作时,应把握好“时”与“势”,加强在港航基础设施建设的合作投资,重视海洋新兴科技的合作研究,构建维护东北亚海域安全的合作机制,同时坚持绿色发展的海洋合作理念,从而为构建海洋命运共同体树立典范。

南南教育合作的全球图景、关键议题和中国行动

近年来,南南教育合作持续深化,呈现出多层次合作格局逐步成形、合作模式与渠道持续优化、国际影响力不断提升的发展趋势,并形成了一系列代表南方国家在教育领域重大关切的关键议题,包括推动落实可持续发展目标、构建公平包容的全球知识生产体系、深化南南合作人才培养与科研创新、助推“全球南方”教育数字化转型等,这些也是南南教育合作的重点方向。中国作为最大的发展中国家,为促进南南教育合作作出了重大贡献。未来,中国应进一步强化自身责任担当,具体路径包括:增量与提质并重,提升对外教育援助的规模与效力;深化人才培养与能力建设合作,弥补“全球南方”人才缺口;加强科研合作与理论研究,提升“全球南方”整体知识产出水平;以全球倡议为理念遵循,推动建设更为公平的全球教育秩序。

“一带一路”视阈下太平洋岛国高等教育发展研究

近年来,各太平洋岛国的高等教育都有所发展。但是,因为其远离世界经济中心的地理位置和经济发展落后的状况,各岛国的高等教育资源有限,多数国家缺乏完整的高等教育系统,高教师资力量不足且教师科研水平较低。同时,各岛国的高等教育注册人口比例低,学生培养层次不高,高等教育严重依赖外国援助。因此,在“一带一路”倡议框架下,中国可以通过在部分太平洋岛国建立鲁班工坊、合作设立孔子学院、孔子课堂或者汉语教学中心、为岛国学生提供奖学金、开展科研合作等方式与太平洋岛国在高等教育领域交流合作,将太平洋岛国地区打造成中国与世界各国、各地区在高教领域合作发展、共赢发展的典范。

图书馆融入中外合作办学人才培养体系的实践——以山东科技大学斯威本学院为例

[目的/意义]借助中外合作办学,将国外图书馆先进的服务理念与服务方式融入国内高校图书馆,提升图书馆的服务质量,对推动高校人才培养具有重要的意义。[方法/过程]结合山东科技大学斯威本学院的中外合作办学实践,通过梳理中外合作办学的缘由,分析中外合作办学相对普通高等学校的不同办学特色,从价值理念、教学模式、空间再造及服务保障等方面具体介绍了将图书馆融入中外合作办学管理体系和教学模式所采取的变革措施。[结果/结论]扩展了图书馆服务的功能,提高了学生利用图书馆的积极性,为推动国内教育教学改革形势下的图书馆服务与管理工作的发展和完善提供参考。

中国—东盟命运共同体建设十周年:广西职教“出海”的成就、问题及方向

广西面向东盟的职教“出海”在中国—东盟命运共同体的建设中发挥着重要的纽带作用。近年来,广西积极推进职教“出海”,在擘画发展蓝图、搭建对外窗口、形成典型模式、打造品牌效应等方面取得了显著成就,但仍然面临着政策供给牵引力、平台载体支撑力、典型模式适应力、品牌效应竞争力不足的问题。在中国—东盟命运共同体建设十周年之际,广西职教“出海”应加强顶层设计、描绘行动路径,借助平台整合、畅通合作机制,坚持质量为本、完善育人体系,依托科研助力、推进系统研究,推进中国—东盟命运共同体实现更高水平的建设。

中国—东盟30年职业教育国际合作:回顾与展望

中国—东盟开展职业教育国际合作是国际形势和区域经济优势的战略选择,拥有对外开放国际化政策的全面支持,是职业教育高质量国际交流合作的典范。回顾中国—东盟建立伙伴关系30年间开展职业教育国际合作的历程,双方在平台组建、政策制定、跨境教育层面取得了重要成果与持续性发展,但依然存在合作机制不完善,保障性不强;吸引力不强,合作领域有待进一步扩充;共同体意识缺失,影响力相对薄弱等问题。展望未来,中国与东盟应在凝聚共识、深化合作、畅通渠道、提质赋能的基础上持续深化合作,携手共建高质量的战略伙伴关系。