Inheriting Good Tradition and Expanding Cooperation Fields for New Stage of Friendship:on FES President Beck 's Visit to China

At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a delegation headed by Mr.Kurt Beck,President of FriedrichEbert-Stiftung(FES),visited China from 17 to 20,October 2013.As his first visit to China since taking the office of FES President,President Beck aimed at keeping abreast of China’s political,economic and social development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC as well as renewing the Memorandum of Understanding between CAFIU and FES.

Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

Complex field network-coded cooperation based on multi-user detection in wireless networks

Cooperative communication can achieve spatial diversity gains,and consequently combats signal fading due to multipath propagation in wireless networks powerfully.A novel complex field network-coded cooperation（CFNCC） scheme based on multi-user detection for the multiple unicast transmission is proposed.Theoretic analysis and simulation results demonstrate that,compared with the conventional cooperation（CC） scheme and network-coded cooperation（NCC） scheme,CFNCC would obtain higher network throughput and consumes less time slots.Moreover,a further investigation is made for the symbol error probability（SEP） performance of CFNCC scheme,and SEPs of CFNCC scheme are compared with those of NCC scheme in various scenarios for different signal to noise ratio（SNR） values.

Financing Strategy of Low-Carbon Supply Chain with Capital Constraint under Cap-and-Trade Regulation

Cap-and-trade regulation provides incentives for manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions,but manufacturers’insufficient capital can disrupt the implementation of low-carbon emission reduction technologies.To alleviate capital constraints,manufacturers can adopt external financing for low-carbon emission reduction investments.This paper studies the independent financing and financing cooperation behavior in a supply chain in which the manufacturer and retailer first implement low-carbon emission reduction technologies and then organize production and sales in accordance with wholesale price contracts.Through comparing the optimal profits and low-carbon emission reduction levels under the independent financing and financing cooperation mode,we come to the following conclusions:(1)Although financing interest increases the cost of the supply chain,manufacturers prefer to invest in reducing carbon emissions rather than buying carbon quotas.(2)When financing independently,a decentralized decision-making mode(MD)is the best choice for manufacturers.(3)In cooperative financing,when the supply chain adopts a decentralized decision-making mode(SD)in which the retailer determines the financing cost-sharing ratio according to their optimal profit,the profits of the supply chain and its members are significantly improved.(4)When manufacturers and retailers adopt a centralized decision-making model(SC)in cooperative financing,they jointly determine the financing cost-sharing ratio and the level of low-carbon emission reduction.If the financing cost-sharing ratio meets a certain threshold range,the profits of manufacturers and retailers achieve Pareto improvement,indicating that this cooperative financing model is effective.

Framework of China and Europe Green Financing for Sustainable Development

It is estimated that about 50 percent of China’s annual gross domestic product(GDP)is needed to compensate the environment cost,it is urgent to shift China’s massive economy to green one.In China’s 13th Five-Year plan(2016-2020),China plans to establish the“ecological civilization”,incorporating air pollution control,energy consumption control targets,and green finance,laying out China’s transition towards a green and low-carbon economy.However,the green finance system establishment demands many auxiliary systems,such as fiscal support,legal institutions,and other taxation aids.From global perspective,the green finance system also helps to reduce the environmental risks worldwide both the countries along ancient silk roads and the European countries.On the other hand,investment in Europe has still not recovered from pre-financial crisis levels.The European Union has to massively accelerate investment to meet its climate and energy obligations with an annual investment gap of€100 billion in funding Europe’s energy infrastructure to reach its climate and energy targets.The European Union plans to re-boot the Capital Markets Union to help meet this challenge by setting up an expert group on sustainable finance.Both China and Europe are facing the climate challenge and they have to deal with it together.Chinese government advocates public-private partnership(PPP)model to improve the funding environment and actively seek way out.This paper aims to arouse the awareness of cooperation in Europe and China in green financing and hi-tech field,by creating a framework to improve the financing mechanism of environmental protection and green economy.

Seizing the Opportunity of Belt and Road Construction to Promote Energy Finance Market Construction

The significant progress achieved in energy cooperation along the "Belt and Road"route has provided a strategic opportunity for promoting the energy finance market.In line with the trend of global energy transformation and international energy pattern adjustment,to promote the formation of a more inclusive regional international energy trade system,accelerating the internationalization of the RMB.Using the launch of Shanghai crude oil futures as an opportunity,we will actively develop the energy finance derivatives market of oil,natural gas and other commodities,thus enhancing China's ability to obtain the value at the high-end segment of the global energy industry chain.

Empirical analysis of the farmer's behavior under the new rural financial cooperatives in China

It's been well recognized for the big role played by innovative rural cooperative financial organizations in terms of spreading farmers' operation risk,increasing farmers' income,and developing rural economy.However,no sufficient research has been conducted regarding those factors which may have effects on the farmer's willingness to participate in the new rural financial organization.This paper tries to fill out the gap of identifying various factors which may have potential influence on the farmer's willingness to participate in the new type of rural financial cooperatives.In the process,442 farmer households and small-micro-enterprises are sampled from the cooperative finance experiment villages in Panjin municipality of Liaoning province.The potential influencing factors are classified into four categories,including the famer household's characteristics,financial cooperative reputation,transaction costs,and service quality.A discrete Logit model is used for the parameter estimations.The results show that most assumed factors display statistical significance effect on the farmer's willingness to take part in the rural cooperative financing organizations but with different level of sensitivity.The cause and effect are fully discussed following by addressing policy issues related to the rural financing cooperative reforms.

Quantum Dynamics of a Charge Qubit in a Squeezed Field

The quantum dynamics of a charge qubit, which makes up of a single-Cooper-pair box, are explored. The Cooper-pair box is irradiated by a squeezed field in an ideal one-mode cavity. By the result of the Schrodinger equation, the Cooper pairs number 〈N〉 is conveniently obtained. Then it is proved that the oscillations of the Cooper-pair number 〈N〉 are decreasing with the increasing squeezing parameter of the squeezed field.

Error Outage Probabilities of Dual-Hop Relay Channels in a Poisson Interference Field

In the promising cooperative communication systems,network performance is mainly affected by interference instead of noise.In this paper,we consider the performance degraded by the Poisson filed interference in the dual-hop relay channels.We focus on the discussions of error outage probability (EOP) performance with a selective-decode-and-forward (SDF),amplify-and-forward (AF),or fixed-decode-and-forward (DF) cooperation protocol.Finally,the simulation results present the performance with different cooperation protocols with interference in a Poisson field.

Cooperative Search of UAV Swarm Based on Ant Colony Optimization with Artificial Potential Field

An ant colony optimization with artificial potential field(ACOAPF)algorithm is proposed to solve the cooperative search mission planning problem of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm.This algorithm adopts a distributed architecture where each UAV is considered as an ant and makes decision autonomously.At each decision step,the ants choose the next gird according to the state transition rule and update its own artificial potential field and pheromone map based on the current search results.Through iterations of this process,the cooperative search of UAV swarm for mission area is realized.The state transition rule is divided into two types.If the artificial potential force is larger than a threshold,the deterministic transition rule is adopted,otherwise a heuristic transition rule is used.The deterministic transition rule can ensure UAVs to avoid the threat or approach the target quickly.And the heuristics transition rule considering the pheromone and heuristic information ensures the continuous search of area with the goal of covering more unknown area and finding more targets.Finally,simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ACOAPF algorithm for cooperative search mission of UAV swarm.

International Economic Cooperation

The magazine International Economic Cooperation is an important publication and also an authoritative monthly of news, business and theory in China’s foreign economic cooperation field, which is administered by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and

The Basic Cause of Superconductivity

This paper posits an extra force field, “super force field”, as the short-distance additional force field to ordinary force fields (gravitational, weak, electromagnetic, and strong) at absolute zero or extremely high density. The short distance super force field accounts for quantum phase transition at absolute zero, and provides the basic cause of superconductivity above absolute zero by quantum fluctuation. At absolute zero or extremely high density, to prevent inactivation or singularity, respectively, the short-distance super force field emerges in between the core particle and the ordinary force field, resulting in the super ordinary force field. In the super ordinary force field, the short-distance super force field excludes the long-distance ordinary force field. At absolute zero, the super ordinary force field emerges to account for quantum phase transition at absolute zero. Through quantum fluctuation, the super ordinary force appears above absolute zero as in superconductivity. Through quantum fluctuation, superconducting electric current is “super current” as one giant quantum state with the super force field that does not interact with ordinary forces, resulting in zero resistance.

The Formation of the Electronic Tornado is the Basis of Superconductivity

The space-time ladder theory reveals that the formation of electronic tornadoes,or the formation of electronic dissipative structures,to be precise,the enhancement of electronic Energy Qi field is the basis of superconductivity.The surrounding area of the electronic tornado is expanding,which is the basis of the Meissner effect,and the center is contracting,which is the basis of the pinning force.When the attractive force of the Energy Qi field is greater than the Coulomb repulsive force,the electrons form a Cooper pair and release dark energy into virtual space-time.When the dark energy increases to a certain extent,the virtual space-time frees the Cooper pair and forms an electron-virtual space-time wave,which fluctuates freely in the superconducting material,which is the basis for the superconducting resistance to be zero.This is similar to the principle of a hot air balloon.The virtual space-time is hot air and the electron pair is a hot air balloon device.Conductor electrons are free and easy to emit dark energy,resulting in insufficient dark energy,and it is not easy to form electron-pair virtual space-time waves,so the superconducting critical temperature is very low.This is because the emission coefficient of the conductor is too high.Insulator electrons are not easy to emit dark energy and easily form electron-pair virtual space-time waves.Therefore,the superconducting critical temperature is slightly higher because of the low emission coefficient of the insulator.The solution of the Qi-space-time wave equation,that is,the coherence coefficient,is an important factor in superconductivity.In addition,the conditions under which tornadoes form are also an important basis for superconductivity.Finally,it is emphasized that the coherence coefficient and prevention of dark energy emission are the two most important elements for preparing superconducting materials.

Developing Rural Cooperative Finance with Reference to Experience of Foreign Countries

At present,rural credit cooperative is an essential part of rural financial system in China. Since the foundation of new China,especially since the reform and opening-up,rural credit cooperative has become the largest financial organization in rural areas. However,its operation mode needs further improvement and service functions are to be strengthened. Therefore,learning successful mode of rural cooperative finance in foreign countries has important theoretical and realistic significance for promoting development of China's rural cooperative finance.

Rural Cooperative Economic Organized United Association: A Case Study of Baoding City of Hebei Province

Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific and technological services; organizing economic and trade negotiation and exchange, and promoting farmer-supermarket partnership; providing financial services and solving fund-raising problems. In line with these fields, we analyzed existing problems: (i) regional development is unbalanced and organization lacks internal connection; (ii) the development in some counties (cities) is to be improved, and the promotion effect is not significant; (iii) there is shortage of talent and the innovation strength is not enough; and (iv) it lacks system and management lacks restriction mechanism. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and recommendations: strengthen propaganda and cultivate farmers' cooperative awareness; incorporate rural cooperative economic organized united association into formal system arrangement, and absorb professional talents; innovate upon organization system of rural cooperative economic organized united association and improve service methods; improve internal operating mechanism and innovate upon working contents of rural cooperative economic organized united association at new development background.

洗钱罪不法的规范判断

洗钱罪不法的规范判断及其法理研究,应在借鉴吸纳传统的立法事实论和法教义学方法论的基础上转向金融领域刑法论范式路径。通过金融领域刑法论及累积犯论、集体法益论,可证立洗钱罪的不法实质是侵犯了金融安全和司法秩序双重保护法益。以“金融领域掩隐行为定型论”及其限定论的新法理塑造,能够有效解释洗钱罪不法的规范类型,合理确定洗钱罪与我国《刑法》第312条、第349条的不法竞合关系及其处断原则。

乡村内生性合作金融组织的成长逻辑、现实问题与政策取向——基于农村金融改革试验区的多案例调查研究

大力发展乡村内生性合作金融组织可以有效缓解农村金融服务包容性缺失问题,是新时代健全农村金融服务体系的重要举措之一。湖南沅陵、安徽金寨、河南兰考三个农村金融改革试验区紧扣“信用合作、产业发展”两大主题,以降低金融准入门槛与创新合作金融扶贫机制相结合为手段解决了农户融资难、融资贵等问题,以农村基层组织为依托革新了合作金融管理体系和降低交易成本,以生产关系为纽带探索了多样化的农民专业合作社内部信用合作模式,取得了显著的实践成效。然而,农民专业合作社内部信用合作试点也存在组织性质和法律地位不明确、内部治理与互助机制有待优化、政府扶持力度有待加强、金融风险防控和处置机制有待完善、创新意识和创新能力不足等现实问题。因此,新时代新征程要促进乡村内生性合作金融组织规范发展,亟需强化顶层设计与优化监管机制、完善管理运营和治理体系、加大政府支持与多部门协同配合、以金融科技创新促进风险防控升级、创新合作金融服务有效满足多元化金融需求。

农民专业合作社农地金融的法治保障研究

农民专业合作社农地金融实践的顺利展开,激发了农村土地资本运作功能,是助推农村经济发展、实现乡村振兴的题中应有之义。目前农民专业合作社农地金融的成效不如预期,究其本质原因在于既有立法对于实践探索自发形成的法秩序缺乏有效回应。确保农地金融法律关系主体的金融利益,并促进其所承载的社会公共利益之实现,亟待发挥法律对保障农民专业合作社农地金融实践顺利开展所具有的长效作用。实现农民专业合作社农地金融的法治化,必然要基于农地融资权的社会化向度,以完备农地金融的利益平衡机制为核心任务,以构建农民专业合作社的内部治理结构、完善风险防控和激励保障机制为关键进路。

合作研发与技术交易谁更有利于技术融合:以人工智能多层专利网络为例

技术融合能够显著提高企业创新能力,是产业融合的基础。合作研发和技术交易是常见的技术创新模式。为探究不同创新模式下的技术融合影响因素,以人工智能产业为例构建组织-技术多层网络模型,从技术异质性和创新能力异质性两个维度探究不同创新模式下组织合作伙伴异质性对技术融合的影响。研究表明,在合作研发模式下,技术异质性、创新能力异质性有利于技术融合;在技术交易模式下,创新能力异质性有利于技术融合,技术异质性不利于技术融合。