New scale factor correction scheme for CORDIC algorithm

To overcome the drawbacks such as irregular circuit construction and low system throughput that exist in conventional methods, a new factor correction scheme for coordinate rotation digital computer（ CORDIC） algorithm is proposed. Based on the relationship between the iteration formulae, a new iteration formula is introduced, which leads the correction operation to be several simple shifting and adding operations. As one key part, the effects caused by rounding error are analyzed mathematically and it is concluded that the effects can be degraded by an appropriate selection of coefficients in the iteration formula. The model is then set up in Matlab and coded in Verilog HDL language. The proposed algorithm is also synthesized and verified in field-programmable gate array （FPGA）. The results show that this new scheme requires only one additional clock cycle and there is no change in the elementary iteration for the same precision compared with the conventional algorithm. In addition, the circuit realization is regular and the change in system throughput is very minimal.

Step-coordination Algorithm of Traffic Control Based on Multi-agent System

Aiming at the deficiency of conventional traffic control method, this paper proposes a new method based on multi-agent technology for traffic control. Different from many existing methods, this paper distinguishes traffic control on the basis of the agent technology from conventional traffic control method. The composition and structure of a multi-agent system （MAS） is first discussed. Then, the step-coordination strategies of intersection-agent, segment-agent, and area-agent are put forward. The advantages of the algorithm are demonstrated by a simulation study.

Adaptive preprocessing algorithms of corneal topography in polar coordinate system

New adaptive preprocessing algorithms based on the polar coordinate system were put forward to get high-precision corneal topography calculation results. Adaptive locating algorithms of concentric circle center were created to accurately capture the circle center of original Placido-based image, expand the image into matrix centered around the circle center, and convert the matrix into the polar coordinate system with the circle center as pole. Adaptive image smoothing treatment was followed and the characteristics of useful circles were extracted via horizontal edge detection, based on useful circles presenting approximate horizontal lines while noise signals presenting vertical lines or different angles. Effective combination of different operators of morphology were designed to remedy data loss caused by noise disturbances, get complete image about circle edge detection to satisfy the requests of precise calculation on follow-up parameters. The experimental data show that the algorithms meet the requirements of practical detection with characteristics of less data loss, higher data accuracy and easier availability.

FPGA Implementation of Wave Pipelining CORDIC Algorithms

The implementation of the coordinate rotational digital computer （CORDIC） algorithm with wave pipelining technique on field programmable gate array （FPGA） is described. All data in FPGA-based wave pipelining pass through a number of logic gates, in the same way that all data pass through the same number of registers in a conventional pipeline. Moreover, all paths are routed using identical routing resources. The manual placement, timing driven routing and timing analyzing techniques are applied to optimize the layout for achieving good path balance. Experimental results show that a 256-LUT logic depth circuit mapped on XC4VLX15-12 runs as high as 330 MHz, whichis a little lower than the speed of 336 MHz based on the conventional 16-stage pipelining in the same chip. The latency of the wave pipelining circuit is 30.3 ns, which is 36.4% shorter than the latency of 16-stage conventional pipelining circuit.

Coordinate correction algorithm for WLAN indoor positioning

In the fingerprint matching-based wireless local area network(WLAN) indoor positioning system,Kalman filter(KF) is usually applied after fingerprint matching algorithms to make positioning results more accurate and consecutive.But this method,like most methods in WLAN indoor positioning field,fails to consider and make use of users' moving speed information.In order to make the positioning results more accurate through using the users' moving speed information,a coordinate correction algorithm(CCA) is proposed in this paper.It predicts a reasonable range for positioning coordinates by using the moving speed information.If the real positioning coordinates are not in the predicted range,it means that the positioning coordinates are not reasonable to a moving user in indoor environment,so the proposed CCA is used to correct this kind of positioning coordinates.The simulation results prove that the positioning results by the CCA are more accurate than those calculated by the KF and the CCA is effective to improve the positioning performance.

Coordinated Bayesian optimal approach for the integrated decision between electronic countermeasure and firepower attack

The coordinated Bayesian optimization algorithm（CBOA） is proposed according to the characteristics of the function independence,conformity and supplementary between the electronic countermeasure（ECM） and the firepower attack systems.The selection criteria are combinations of probabilities of individual fitness and coordinated degree and can select choiceness individual to construct Bayesian network that manifest population evolution by producing the new chromosome.Thus the CBOA cannot only guarantee the effective pattern coordinated decision-making mechanism between the populations,but also maintain the population multiplicity,and enhance the algorithm performance.The simulation result confirms the algorithm validity.

Coordinate scheduling approach for EDS observation tasks and data transmission jobs

Electromagnetic detection satellite（EDS） is a type of Earth observation satellite（EOS）. Satellites observation and data down-link scheduling plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of satellite observation systems. However, the current works mainly focus on the scheduling of imaging satellites, little work focuses on the scheduling of EDSes for its specific requirements.And current works mainly schedule satellite resources and data down-link resources separately, not considering them in a globally optimal perspective. The EDSes and data down-link resources are scheduled in an integrated process and the scheduling result is searched globally. Considering the specific constraints of EDS, a coordinate scheduling model for EDS observation tasks and data transmission jobs is established and an algorithm based on the genetic algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, the convergence of our algorithm is proved. To deal with some specific constraints, a solution repairing algorithm of polynomial computing time is designed. Finally, some experiments are conducted to validate the correctness and practicability of our scheduling algorithms.

A parallel complex divider architecture based on DCD iterations for computing complex division in MVDR beamformer

This paper presents a hardware architecture using mixed pipeline and parallel processing for complex division based on dichotomous coordinate descent(DCD) iterations. The objective of the proposed work is to achieve low-latency and resource optimized complex divider architecture in adaptive weight computation stage of minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR)algorithm. In this work, computation of complex division is modeled as a 2×2 linear equation solution problem and the DCD algorithm allows linear systems of equations to be solved with high degree of computational efficiency. The operations in the existing DCD algorithm are suitably parallel pipelined and the performance is optimized to 2 clock cycles per iteration. To improve the degree of parallelism, a parallel column vector read architecture is devised.The proposed work is implemented on the field programmable gate array(FPGA) platform and the results are compared with state-of-art literature. It concludes that the proposed architecture is suitable for complex division in adaptive weight computation stage of MVDR beamformer. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed architecture for MVDR beamformer employed in medical ultrasound imaging applications.

A Method to Measure Eye-Hand Coordination for Extracting Skilled Elements-Simultaneous Measurement of Eye-Gaze and Hand Location-

The purpose of this study was to construct bases for exploring the process of skill acquisition from the viewpoint of eye-hand coordination. The information obtained from eye-gaze is closely related to physical movements in any activity. It is important to establish a method to measure eye-hand coordination for extracting skilled elements and understanding the skill acquisition process. Using a system which consists of an eye mark recorder and a three-dimensional location measurement device, a method for measuring eye-hand coordination was proposed on the basis of the simultaneous measurement of eye-gaze and brush tip locations. After describing the measurement algorithm, the eye-hand coordination during calligraphy was exemplified. More concretely, using such a system, an attempt was made to show that the relationship between the line of eye-gaze and the brush tip stroke was different between a novice and an expert. In such a way, we suggested that the proposed method is promising for exploring the process of skill acquisition.

A novel coordinated control for NZEB clusters to minimize their connected grid overvoltage risks

The increasing applications of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) will lead to more frequent and larger energy interactions with the connected power grid, thereby being able to result in severe grid overvoltage risks. Control optimization has been proven effective to reduce such risks. Existing controls have oversimplified the overvoltage quantification by simply using the aggregated power exchanges to represent the connected grid overvoltages. Ignoring the complex voltage influences among the grid nodes, such oversimplification can easily result in low-accuracy impact evaluations of the NZEB-grid energy interactions, thereby causing non-optimal/unsatisfying overvoltage mitigations. Therefore, this study proposes a novel coordinated control method in which a power-distribution-network model has been adopted for more accurate overvoltage quantification. Meanwhile, the battery operations of individual NZEBs are iteratively coordinated using a sequential optimization approach for achieving the global optimum with substantially reduced computation complexity. For verifications, the proposed coordinated control has been systematically compared with an uncoordinated control and a conventional coordinated control in grid overvoltage minimization. The study results show that the overvoltage improvements can reach 23.5% and 12.3% compared with the uncoordinated control and the conventional coordinated control, respectively. The reasons behind the improvements have also been analyzed in detail. The proposed coordinated control can be used in practice to improve NZEB-clusters’ grid friendliness.

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance laws against stationary and maneuvering targets

This paper presents the cooperative strategies for salvo attack of multiple missiles based on the classical proportional navigation（PN） algorithm.The three-dimensional（3-D） guidance laws are developed in a quite simple formulation that consists of a PN component for target capture and a coordination component for simultaneous arrival.The centralized algorithms come into effect when the global information of time-to-go estimation is obtained, whereas the decentralized algorithms have better performance when each missile can only collect information from neighbors.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed coordination algorithms are feasible to perform the cooperative engagement of multiple missiles against both stationary and maneuvering targets.The effectiveness of the 3-D guidance laws is also discussed.

Intelligent Assessment of Active and ReactivePower Flow with Satisfying Accuracy forN-k_(1)-k_(2) Cascading Outages

Addressed to the N-k_(1)-k_(2) cascading outages,it is computationally burdensome for the reliable calculation of active and reactive power flows.This paper builds a comprehensive framework with three algorithms,including the distribution factor(DF),the Newton-Raphson(NR),and the first iteration of NR algorithm(termed as 1J).Classifiers are designed to determine whether the NR algorithm should be employed for accuracy.Classifier features are extracted upon the analytical error of 1J.As reactive power is partially considered in the 1J but neglected in the DF algorithm,the deviation between the solutions is taken as one crucial feature.The support vector machine(SVM)is then utilized for classifier training.As the deep integration of the causal inference and the statistical paradigm,this framework calculates active and reactive power flows rapidly,reliably,and robustly.The effectiveness and robustness are fully validated in three typical IEEE systems.