Exploring well-being disparities between urban and rural areas:A case study in the Stavropol Territory,Russia

Rural areas are crucial for a country’s sustainable economy.New strategies are needed to develop rural areas to improve the well-being of rural population and generate new job opportunities.This is especially important in countries where agricultural production accounts for a significant share of the gross product,such as Russia.In this study,we identified the key indicators of satisfaction and differences between rural and urban citizens based on their social,economic,and environmental backgrounds,and determined whether there are well-being disparities between rural and urban areas in the Stavropol Territory,Russia.We collected primary data through a survey based on the European Social Survey framework to investigate the potential differences between rural and urban areas.By computing the regional well-being index using principal component analysis,we found that there was no statistically significant difference in well-being between rural and urban areas.Results of key indicators showed that rural residents felt psychologically more comfortable and safer,assessed their family relationships better,and adhered more to traditions and customs.However,urban residents showed better economic and social conditions(e.g.,infrastructures,medical care,education,and Internet access).The results of this study imply that we can better understand the local needs,advantages,and unique qualities,thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of government programs.Policy-makers and local authorities can consider targeted interventions based on the findings of this study and strive to enhance the well-being of both urban and rural residents.

Research on the Harmonious Development of New Rural Communities under the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Areas

On the basis of offering a definition of New Rural Communities (NRCs), the paper analyzes the values of New Rural Communities and argues that the construction of NRCs is able to contribute to the enhancement of the comprehensive agricultural production capability as well as the development of social productivity. Meanwhile the incomes of the rural residents can be boosted, which denotes the realization of a harmonious society where the achievements of China's reform and development are shared by each citizen. Moreover, the construction of NRCs facilitates the economization of land use and thus improves the overall living standard of the residents, while helping to cut the administrative cost and promote democracy at the primary level. This paper also points out various problems arising during the construction of NRCS in China: blindly following suit in accordance with the modes of the urban communities; lack of funds, which leads to the absence of the supporting mechanisms of NRCs; vague positioning and the ensuing shortage of impetus for continued development. Finally, the paper raises the corresponding measures and suggestions: first, based on reality, make overall planning and scientific arrangement; second, the government should play the dominant role while respecting the principal position of the rural residents and introducing the market mechanism; third, increase science and technology input and attach equal importance to economic and social benefits; fourth, broaden fund-raising channels while completing the supervision mechanism.

Rural-urban Migration,Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China

The objective of this paper is to investigate the rela- tionships among rural-urban migration,rural household income and sustainable development in rural areas of China.The typical case study is done and 288 questionnaires are collected from five villages in Hebei and Guangxi provinces,China.The migration and remittance status,household income and sustainable devel- opment of rural areas are analyzed on the basis of questionnaires. Rural-urban migration is becoming a part of routine life in rural areas.And remittance is an important component in rural house- hold income.Rural-urban migration increases the arable land area per labor,which releases the tight human-land relationship in villages.In total,the migration increases the rural household in- come and accelerates the sustainable development of rural areas.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

An Empirical Analysis on the Impact of Rural Financial Development on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in Heilongjiang Province

The high-quality development of rural finance is an important support for rural revitalization.In recent years,it continuously expands the investment in rural finance in Heilongjiang Province,and optimizes the rural financial service system and mechanism.The overall income level and living conditions of rural residents have been significantly improved,but there still exists income gap between urban and rural residents.Therefore,based on analyzing and combing current situation and problems of rural financial development and urban-rural income gap in Heilongjiang Province,multiple linear regression model is used to study the impact of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.The research results show that the scale of rural financial development in Heilongjiang Province will enlarge the income gap between urban and rural residents,while rural financial development efficiency and urbanization level reduce income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the above conclusions,some policy suggestions to promote the equalization of urban and rural income in Heilongjiang Province are puts forward in this paper.

The Problems of Coordinating Urban-rural Development of Chongqing City and Corresponding Measures of Financial System

The thesis researches urban-rural coordination which is incorporated into the framework of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers",and it focuses on farmers' human resources development,agricultural industrial adjustment,rural regional coordinated development and so on.The main problems existing in the process of coordinating urban-rural development of Chongqing City are discussed under the foregoing framework.We find that input and flow direction of capital deviating from "agriculture,rural areas and farmers" is the direct cause of insufficient rural educational input,insufficient agricultural input,and irrational rural input,while the fundamental reason lies in the irrational financial policy.Based on this,the measures of innovating upon financial policy and financial system are put forward.

Measurement of Urban Economic Gravity of China’s Three Major Agglomerations and Its Implications for the Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

This paper adopts the perspective of urban economic linkage and the modified urban economic gravity model to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic gravity among cities in China’s three major urban agglomerations,including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Pearl River Delta.The results show that,despite the ever-tightening economic linkages among cities in the urban agglomerations,the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region falls behind that of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in terms of coordination,closeness,and balance.The economic linkages among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are not as cohesive as they could be and display a significant“siphon effect”through Beijing and Tianjin as well as a prominently unidirectional economic flow.This study suggests that efforts should be put into directing the orderly flow of resources from Beijing and Tianjin to cities in Hebei and promoting a balanced economic flow among cities,thus facilitating the coordination of regional development.

Chinese Rural labors Transfer under the Coordination of Urban-Rural Development

The strategic significance of Chinese rural labor transfer is expounded.It is conducive to solving the three agricultural problems concerning agriculture,rural areas,and farmers and coordinating the urban and rural development;promoting the rational distribution of human resources and realizing the growth of national economy;restructuring industrial structure and improving Chinese market competitiveness.The problems in the transfer of Chinese rural labors are analyzed,which include the low overall cultural level of rural labors;imperfect organization developmental;weak management mechanism and imperfect supporting measures.The rational paths for Chinese rural labor transfer are pointed out,including break the urban and rural dual structure and realize the free move of rural labors;strengthen the organization construction to provide high-quality socialized service for rural labor transfer;perfect security system to foster favorable social environment for rural labor transfer;establish scientific management mechanism to realize the sustainable rural labor transfer.

On the modes of urban-rural networking development in China

This essay tries to reveal the developmental regularity of urban-rural networking manifested by urbanization. The urban-rural networking is a reality and an inexorable trend of development. As a physical existence, the urban-rural networking reflects a result of the interaction between cities and rural areas; it is a necessary and sufficient condition for sustaining progress of cities and rural areas. As an objective developmental tendency, it reflects an urban-rural regional economic process. The author briefly analyzes two contradictory urban-rural developmental views, and puts forward a concept of the mode of urban-rural networking development. The author also analyzes the mode from the perspectives of economics and philosophy.

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas Based on State-space Model

The increasingly widening income gap between urban and rural areas is affected by many factors. Using the stepwise regression analysis,we find that urbanization level,socio-economic development,education level,financial development scale and financial development efficiency have the greatest impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. By cointegration test,it is found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between these five variables and the income gap between urban and rural areas. We build the state-space model to research the dynamic impact of these factors on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The results show that by improving the level of urbanization,we can effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,while socio-economic development,the improvement of education level,expansion of financial development scale and financial development efficiency all significantly expand the income gap between urban and rural areas.

Analysis on the Referential Role of Western Urbanization Theory in the Process of Urban and Rural Construction in China

Western urbanization theory has crucial influence on the course of China' s urban and rural construction.Social economy and the scientific distribution of population are the key of the layout of urban and rural construction and an important factor in facilitating the innovative development of urban and rural construction.The continuous improvement of the environment of social resources as well as the quality of life is the focus of China' s urban and rural construction.As western urbanization theory just probes into this specific issue,it offers referential value in urging us to take the path of sustainable development in urban and rural construction.

Review and Prospect of Development Capability of New Generation Farmers

In the context of dual economic structure,there occurs shift of numerous rural surplus labors in China. As a special group lingering about in the edges of urban and rural areas,the new generation farmers become a hot spot of research. How to help them smoothly become successors of China's agricultural modernization construction is a focus of academic circles. Based on literature review,this paper analyzed connotation of development capability of new generation farmers from agricultural modernization,thinking ability construction,system and policy,and new farmers. Finally,it came up with prospect for development of new generation farmers.

The Influence of the Urban-Rural Income Disparity on the Industrial Structure—Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an Example

In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M1), fixed asset investment (M2), number of patent applications (M3), and total import and export (M4) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

Analysis of Rural Development Factors: A Case Study of Hebei Province

On the basis of survey,drawing on economic growth theory,we analyze the main form of exogenous growth and regional applicability in Hebei Province,and point out that some exogenous driving forces are effective ways to accelerate rural construction,such as " the promotion of agriculture by industry" and " developing the rural areas with the aid of the urban areas". However,human capital,technology,incentive institutional arrangement,agricultural industry clusters and other endogenous growth factors are fundamental to sustainable development of rural construction,so it is necessary to make them play a fundamental role in increasing farmers' income and promoting agricultural development.

AN OVERVIEW ON THE URBAN-RURAL INTERACTION IN THE PAST 50 YEARS IN CHINA

China is a country with a long history of agricultural development,the tr adition of bureaucratic administra-tion and economic management system s for the social development.In its t ransition from traditional society to modern soci-ety during the past 50years,the rela tions between rural areas and urban a reas have been kept abnormal if considered from the point of view of the modernized co untries.Today,China still has its more than 70percent of population,bu t limited capital,lower technology and underdeveloped culture,in the rural areas.This unbalance forms not only the o bstacles to China’s modernization of social development,but also the barriers to th e society,economy and environment sustainable devel-opment.This paper focuses on the dis cussion about the coordinate develo pment of the relations between rural and urban in the past 50years,and the authors hold that only has the abnormal relation between the two areas been corrected,could China’s future development of natio nal economy be successful.

Chinese rural reform:experience,problems and the future

Chinese rural reform has made great achievements and accumulated a wealth of experience since the beginning of reform and opening up 30 years ago.At the core is the rapid and sustained development of the national economy.Currently,there are obstacles in rural reform;for example,the supply and demand of primary products are frequently out of balance,shortages of rural labor occur thanks to structural problems on the supply side,and the equality system between rural and urban citizens has yet to be established.Therefore,to make important breakthroughs,we must change our ideas of controlling the food market;we must improve rural land policy, loosen rural financial supervision,adjust the fiscal expense structure,protect farmers’ legal rights and interests,accelerate the building-up of democracy at the grassroots level,and intensify overall planning and coordination.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响与机制

服务业高质量发展有助于农村劳动力就业、扩大农民收入来源。促进现代服务业高质量发展是缩减城乡收入差距、推进共同富裕的重要路径。基于1997—2021年我国30个省份(未含香港地区、澳门地区、台湾地区、西藏地区)数据,使用合成控制法、双重差分模型和三重差分模型分析服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响及其机制。研究发现,服务业高质量发展有助于缩减城乡收入差距,且这种缩减作用在北京、上海最强,在江苏、天津、浙江次之,在广东最弱;服务业高质量发展对东部、中部和西部地区城乡收入差距的缩减作用均显著,但在中部地区最强,在东部和西部地区较弱;绿色发展和区域协调发展在服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响中发挥正向调节作用,服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用在绿色发展水平较高、区域协调发展水平较高的省份更强;服务业高质量发展能够通过产业结构升级(包括产业结构高级化、产业结构合理化)缩减城乡收入差距。为进一步发挥服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用,应持续加强服务创新,推动服务业高质量发展;发挥区域比较优势,推动区域协调发展;引导绿色消费和生产,提升绿色发展水平;推动现代服务业和新兴产业发展,促进产业结构升级。

城市群人口集聚对共同富裕的影响——基于粤港澳大湾区的分析

共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征和中国特色社会主义的本质要求,如何推进共同富裕目标的实现成为政府和学界亟待解决的难题。以粤港澳大湾区为样本探讨城市群人口集聚对城市群内部以及周边区域共同富裕的影响,在理论分析的基础上采用“全面FGLS”方法以及动态面板空间杜宾模型进行估计得到如下结论:粤港澳大湾区人口集聚无论是对于城市群内部共同富裕还是带动周边区域共同富裕均具有积极的促进作用,在短期内存在正向的空间溢出作用,但长期而言粤港澳大湾区人口不可能无限集聚,当发展到一定程度后拥挤效应将超过集聚效应对共同富裕产生负面影响。上述结论意味着当前粤港澳大湾区内部形成的多中心集聚的态势,空间协调发展程度较高,在推动城市群内部共同富裕的同时,短期内也带动了周边区域的发展,但长期持续的发展仍需人口在粤港澳全域更为均衡地分布,而非无限向粤港澳大湾区集聚。基于上述结论,提出应重视基础设施的互联互通、产业互联、城市互联等,促进粤港澳大湾区与粤东西两翼及山区人口等要素资源更为顺畅地流动,优化资源配置,促进粤港澳全域发展,实现真正意义上的先富带动后富,最终实现共同富裕。

上海大都市圈城镇化与生态环境耦合协调关系--基于2011-2020年面板数据的实证分析

【目的】研究都市圈城镇化与生态环境耦合协调的交互关系,旨在探索区域经济、社会与生态的高质量发展路径,为区域协同规划和可持续发展提供新视角。【方法】从“人口–社会–经济–空间”和“规模–压力–治理–效率”8个维度构建城镇化与生态环境评价指标体系,以上海大都市圈为研究对象,以其涵盖的9个城市及上海市16个区为基本研究单元,基于2011—2020年的面板数据,运用耦合协调度模型,从城市和上海市辖区两个层面,在时间和空间两个维度,定量揭示上海大都市圈城镇化与生态环境耦合协调发展的时空分异特征。【结果】(1)2011—2020年,上海大都市圈城镇化与生态环境耦合协调发展度呈现出从“基本协调”向“优化协调”演进的积极态势,但各地区发展水平和步调不均衡,在空间分布上呈现差异性。(2)城市层面,以上海中心城区、苏州–无锡–南通以及舟山3个片区为中心辐射同步发展,呈现多片区发展的空间格局。(3)上海市辖区层面,上海市中心城区耦合协调度水平整体优于上海市郊区,呈两极分化格局。【结论】2011—2020年,上海大都市圈城镇化与生态环境耦合协调度稳步上升,但各地区差异较大,且空间分布不均衡。面对城镇化发展与生态环境建设错位的问题,本研究提出基于系统耦合协调视角的差异化国土空间规划和区域协同发展策略,为都市圈的高质量健康发展提供参考。