Overall Framework and Module of Distribution Network Coordinated Planning Considering Distributed Generation

Combining with the characteristics of China's energy and the strategy of sustainable development, analyzing the pros and cons which caused by the appearance of DG and their operation connecting to grid, this paper points out that the two sides can achieve win-win under a reasonable combination between DG and distribution system, so as to optimize the allocation of resources, improve the utilization ratio of resource, and obtain maximum social benefit, harmoniously promote the development of power industry, economy and environment. As a word, this paper puts forward a new model of distribution network planning including DG and brings in penalty factorto guide the investment and construction of DG. Last of all, this paper presents the adoption of the coordination development coefficients which is to evaluate the power planning.

Coordinated Planning Transmission Tasks in Heterogeneous Space Networks:A Semi-Distributed Approach

This paper studies the coordinated planning of transmission tasks in the heterogeneous space networks to enable efficient sharing of ground stations cross satellite systems.Specifically,we first formulate the coordinated planning problem into a mixed integer liner programming(MILP)problem based on time expanded graph.Then,the problem is transferred and reformulated into a consensus optimization framework which can be solved by satellite systems parallelly.With alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM),a semi-distributed coordinated transmission task planning algorithm is proposed,in which each satellite system plans its own tasks based on local information and limited communication with the coordination center.Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the centralized and fully-distributed methods,the proposed semi-distributed coordinated method can strike a better balance among task complete rate,complexity,and the amount of information required to be exchanged.

Collaborative Planning of Distributed Wind Power Generation and Distribution Network with Large-scale Heat Pumps

With the advancement of clean heating projects and the integration of large-scale distributed heat pumps into rural distribution networks in northern China,power grid companies face tremendous pressure to invest in power grid upgrades,which bring opportunities for renewable power generation integration.The combination of heating by distributed renewable energy with the flexible operation of heat pumps is a feasible alternative for dealing with grid reinforcement challenges resulting from heating electrification.In this paper,a mathematical model of the collaborative planning of distributed wind power generation(DWPG)and distribution network with large-scale heat pumps is developed.In this model,the operational flexibility of the heat pump load is fully considered and the requirements of a comfortable indoor temperature are met.By applying this model,the goals of not only increasing the profit of DWPG but also reducing the cost of the power grid upgrade can be achieved.

Distributionally Robust Co-optimization of Transmission Network Expansion Planning and Penetration Level of Renewable Generation

Transmission network expansion can significantly improve the penetration level of renewable generation.However,existing studies have not explicitly revealed and quantified the trade-off between the investment cost and penetration level of renewable generation.This paper proposes a distributionally robust optimization model to minimize the cost of transmission network expansion under uncertainty and maximize the penetration level of renewable generation.The proposed model includes distributionally robust joint chance constraints,which maximize the minimum expectation of the renewable utilization probability among a set of certain probability distributions within an ambiguity set.The proposed formulation yields a twostage robust optimization model with variable bounds of the uncertain sets,which is hard to solve.By applying the affine decision rule,second-order conic reformulation,and duality,we reformulate it into a single-stage standard robust optimization model and solve it efficiently via commercial solvers.Case studies are carried on the Garver 6-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.

Multi-objective coordination optimal model for new power intelligence center based on hybrid algorithm

In order to resolve the coordination and optimization of the power network planning effectively, on the basis of introducing the concept of power intelligence center (PIC), the key factor power flow, line investment and load that impact generation sector, transmission sector and dispatching center in PIC were analyzed and a multi-objective coordination optimal model for new power intelligence center (NPIC) was established. To ensure the reliability and coordination of power grid and reduce investment cost, two aspects were optimized. The evolutionary algorithm was introduced to solve optimal power flow problem and the fitness function was improved to ensure the minimum cost of power generation. The gray particle swarm optimization (GPSO) algorithm was used to forecast load accurately, which can ensure the network with high reliability. On this basis, the multi-objective coordination optimal model which was more practical and in line with the need of the electricity market was proposed, then the coordination model was effectively solved through the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the corresponding algorithm was obtained. The optimization of IEEE30 node system shows that the evolutionary algorithm can effectively solve the problem of optimal power flow. The average load forecasting of GPSO is 26.97 MW, which has an error of 0.34 MW compared with the actual load. The algorithm has higher forecasting accuracy. The multi-objective coordination optimal model for NPIC can effectively process the coordination and optimization problem of power network.

数字中国网络协同的区域规划响应

数字技术快速发展引发全球范围内的资本和劳动力区域重构,城市群、都市圈成为促进我国大中小城市协调发展的主体形态,但数字基建的区域经济效能不一、数字资源城乡分布不均加重了欠发达地区、中小城镇的数字鸿沟趋势。本文从东中西部、大中小城市、城乡层面对数字时代下的我国区域协调发展问题进行研判,引介数字变革下的区域协同网络模型,以助力欠发达地区跨越式发展,并阐述“多中心、网络化”的区域协同发展理念和“数字基建-产业经济-公共服务”的区域协同网络支撑体系构建,对当前及未来一段时期我国区域协调规划策略的响应和调整优化进行探索。

基于动态轨迹规划的自动驾驶车辆协同换道方法

传统的多车协同缺乏对目标队列和换道车辆信息的有效利用,为考虑动态信息变化对换道过程的影响,本文提出基于动态轨迹规划的自动驾驶车辆协同换道控制方法。首先,针对自动驾驶环境下单车进入车辆队列的研究场景,提出基于实时动态信息的协同换道控制框架,在考虑换道车辆与目标队列车辆的合作以及换道行为给目标队列带来影响的基础上,构建非换道期间和换道期间的纵向协同控制模型;之后,在换道车辆发出换道请求并满足换道触发条件后,考虑队列纵向协同目标,根据纵向速度变化动态规划每一时刻的期望轨迹,提出基于正弦曲线的动态换道轨迹规划方法,得到安全和可靠的轨迹曲线,并采用模型预测控制的轨迹跟踪控制算法,实现实时轨迹跟踪;最后,通过搭建Prescan-Simulink联合仿真平台,设计多组不同速度工况下的仿真实验,以及设置传统基于前车—跟随策略的控制算法与本文的控制策略进行对比,综合分析换道触发时间、队列稳定时间和速度波动幅度这3项指标,验证本文控制策略的有效性和可行性。仿真结果表明:本文所设计的协同换道控制策略和传统方法相比,队列的平均稳定时间缩短了34%,队列的速度波动幅度保持稳定,并在不同相对速度的工况下,均能够实现车辆安全和高效地换道。

Transmission Network Expansion Planning Considering Uncertainties in Loads and Renewable Energy Resources

This paper proposes a novel method for transmission network expansion planning(TNEP)that take into account uncertainties in loads and renewable energy resources.The goal of TNEP is to minimize the expansion cost of candidate lines without any load curtailment.A robust linear optimization algorithm is adopted to minimize the load curtailment with uncertainties considered under feasible expansion costs.Hence,the optimal planning scheme obtained through an iterative process would be to serve loads and provide a sufficient margin for renewable energy integration.In this paper,two uncertainty budget parameters are introduced in the optimization process to limit the considered variation ranges for both the load and the renewable generation.Simulation results obtained from two test systems indicate that the uncertainty budget parameters used to describe uncertainties are essential to arrive at a compromise for the robustness and optimality,and hence,offer a range of preferences to power system planners and decision makers.

面向区域目标观测的多星自主协同任务规划方法

针对现有多星自主任务规划方法面对区域目标观测任务时缺乏整体性,从而造成大量观测资源的浪费问题,提出了一种面向区域目标观测的多星自主协同任务规划方法。首先,建立面向区域目标的多星协同观测任务规划模型,并设计基于合同网的多星自主协同规划框架。其次,根据该协同框架设计基于动态定价的招标机制、投标机制和评标机制,从而实现区域目标任务的多星自主协同规划。最后,仿真实验证明,与传统基于单轮招标合同网以及基于固定标价合同网的多星协同规划方法相比,所提方法的任务收益分别提升了60.40%与29.07%。

An Optimal Expansion Planning of Electric Distribution Network Incorporating Health Index and Non-network Solutions

The health status of distribution equipment and networks is not considered directly in existing distribution network planning methods.In order to effectively consider the health status and deal with the risk associated with load and renewable generation uncertainties,this paper presents a new optimal expansion planning approach for distribution network(EPADN)incorporating equipment’s health index(HI)and non-network solutions(NNSs).HI and relevant risk are used to help develop the optimal equipment replacement strategy and temporary NNSs are considered as promising options for handling the uncertainties of load growth,reliability requirements of power supply and output of distributed energy resources(DERs)at a lower cost than network alternatives.An EPADN model using network solutions(NSs)and NNSs is proposed.The planning objectives of the proposed model are safety,reliability,economy,and‘greenness’that are also the meaning of distribution network HI.A method integrating an improved niche genetic algorithm(INGA)and a spanning tree algorithm(STA)is fitted to solve the model presented here for real sized networks with a manageable computational cost.Simulation results of an actual 22-node distribution network in China,illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Bi-level Coordinated Planning of Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Resources and Severely Restricted Scenarios

Due to the uncertainty and fluctuation of distributed generation(DG)and load,the operation of active distribution network(ADN)is affected by multi-dimension factors which are described by massive operation scenarios.Efficient and accurate screening of severely restricted scenarios(SRSs)has become a new challenge in ADN planning.In this paper,a novel bi-level coordinated planning model which combines the short-time-scale operation problem with the long-time-scale planning problem is proposed.At the upper level,the demand response(DR)resource,an effective non-component planning resource characterized by low capacity price,high energy price,and short contract term,is co-optimized with the configuration of lines and energy storage systems(ESSs)to achieve the economic trade-off between the investment cost and the operation cost under SRSs.At the lower level,with the planning scheme obtained from the upper level,massive operation problems are optimized to minimize the daily operation cost;and the SRSs are provided to the upper level through a shadow-price-based scenario screening method,which simulates the planning information(i.e.,the restricted degrees of operation scenarios)feedback process from ADN operators to ADN planners.Case studies on a 62-node distribution system in Jianshan New District,Zhejiang Province,China,illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed bi-level coordinated planning model considering DR resources and SRSs.

平原河网区“洪涝统筹”体系构建关键技术探讨

文章从洪涝系统协同、排水排涝衔接、闸泵规模设计、河网水位调控等难点问题出发,探讨“洪涝统筹”体系构建的关键技术,提出基于流域尺度系统实施城市防洪、排涝,实现联防联控、联排联调;协调雨型设计的强度、过程,实现排水、排涝兼顾;综合考虑地面、管网、工程体系及各空间要素的时序更新,构建时空耦合的产汇流模型以及建立分区设防、统一运用、动态更新的水位调控机制,精细化确定闸泵群设计规模及运用方式。文章以杭嘉湖东部平原下游平湖市防洪排涝体系构建为例进行工程应用,对于提高平原河网地区洪涝防御能力具有重要意义。

基于合作博弈的交直流配电网光储协调规划方法

为进行电力市场背景下的交直流配电网光伏与储能合理规划,该文以中、低压交直流配电网运营商为投资主体,提出基于合作博弈的交直流配电网光储协调规划方法。确定中、低压交直流配电网运营商的合作博弈关系;中压配电网以投资/运维成本、购电成本和双边市场交易成本最小为目标,低压配电网以投资/运维成本、双边市场交易成本最小为目标,基于纳什议价理论建立光储协调规划模型,同时优化规划策略和交易电价;引入线性化方法处理非线性项,将模型转化为两个易于求解的子问题,采用分布式优化算法进行顺次求解。通过算例对比分析验证了所提规划模型和算法的可行性和有效性。

基于需求响应的主动配电网源网荷协调规划模型设计

设计基于需求响应的主动配电网源网荷协调规划模型,降低需求响应成本与运维网损。以最低需求响应成本、最低电压偏移率、最小主动配电网运维网损为目标函数,分布式电源入网量与负荷容量等为约束条件,构建主动配电网源网荷三层协调规划模型;通过改进蜜蜂交配和混沌搜索的综合优化算法求解该模型,获取最低需求响应成本、最低电压偏移率、最小主动配电网网损,对应的协调规划策略。实验证明:该模型可有效规划主动配电网场景与网架,降低需求响应成本,缓解电压偏移现象;应用该模型后,可降低运维网损与CO_(2)年排放量,缓解环境污染问题。

景观规划设计视角下平原河网区农村水系综合整治研究

探讨了当前平原河网区农村水系综合整治的多元需求,在分析整治需求面临的问题基础上,提出基于景观规划设计视角的平原河网区农村水系综合整治思路。景观规划设计主张促进人与自然和谐共生、公众广泛参与、循环设计原则以及有效的尺度效应。对关键的实现途径进行了深入探讨,提出基于综合性空间规划、生态方法应用、文化价值延续、空间景观塑造的平原河网区农村水系综合整治方法。成果应用于湖北省当阳市水美乡村建设,验证了方法的可操作性,展现了其在不同地理环境下的普适性,并通过实践进一步明确了此类项目景观规划设计过程中的技术要点,为平原河网区农村水系综合整治提供了新的理论视角和实践方法。

隐身舰载机突防岸基雷达网作战运用研究现状与展望

现代战争中,隐身舰载机在对陆突防打击作战中的应用越来越频繁,但随着雷达性能和反隐身技术的发展,隐身舰载机突防作战显得越来越困难。论文首先介绍了当前隐身舰载机发展现状,并对相关问题进展进行了介绍;然后,阐明了隐身舰载机突防岸基雷达网的作战运用流程框架,并从隐身突防和反隐身的角度梳理了突防岸基雷达网的相关技术和能力;最后,对未来隐身舰载机作战运用和发展方向进行了总结和展望。

基于改进遗传退火算法的配电网路线协调规划方法

为提高电力系统的整体效率及供电的可靠性和稳定性,满足不同地区和不同用户的电力需求,提出了基于改进遗传退火算法的配电网路线协调规划方法。首先,建立配电网路线布局模型,获取可用裕度较大的配电网路线布局方案;其次,基于时间序列,计算预测对象历史年时间序列数据的平均增长率,得出预测对象各年的负荷预测值;在此基础上,利用改进遗传退火算法,寻找最优解,实行配电网路线协调规划。实验结果表明,应用该方法后,配电网路线的覆盖率得到了显著提升,整体规划效果更好,能满足更多用户的需求,实现电力资源的合理分配和利用。

含分布式电源的配电网协调规划研究

近年来,随着可再生能源与智能电网技术的迅猛发展,分布式电源演变成一种非常重要的能源供应方法。分布式电源具有灵活性、环保性及稳定性等多种优势,可以为用户提供非常方便的能源服务。有效整合分布式电源和主网供电方式,是当前智能电网发展的主要方向之一。

考虑源荷储协调的弹性配电网分布式可再生能源电源配置优化

常规的配电网分布式电源配置优化方法以网损成本优化为主,未充分考虑配电网的弹性需求,影响了电源配置优化的经济性,因此设计了考虑源荷储协调的弹性配电网分布式可再生能源电源配置优化方法。构造弹性配电网分布式电源源荷储不确定集,根据可再生能源输出功率与负荷功率的差值,确定源荷储不平衡功率,确保后续电源配置优化效果。基于源荷储协调构建配电网能源电源配置优化模型,通过调节分布式可再生电源决策变量,应对源荷储的不确定性,从而满足电源配置的期望。优化分布式可再生能源电源最大充放电功率,弥补可再生能源在源荷储协调状态下的功率不平衡缺陷,实现电源的经济性运行。采用对比实验,验证了该方法的电源配置优化经济性更高,能应用于实际生活中。

配电网形态演变下的协调规划问题与挑战

智能配电网作为面向未来的综合性电力能源服务平台,其源-网-荷形态变化愈发显著,给系统的协调规划问题带来巨大挑战。围绕智能配电网源-网-荷形态演变下的协调规划问题,剖析了配电网的形态发展驱动力构成及其作用机理,探讨了多元驱动力复合作用给规划问题带来的复杂影响。在此基础上,围绕智能配电网复杂形态特征的提取与量化、规划要素的动态聚合与分析预测、多要素影响下的复杂场景规划、多场景推演与协调决策等关键问题,对其技术内涵进行了分析与阐述,对相关技术的发展目标与未来研究方向进行了探讨与展望,以为新形势下智能配电网规划理论与技术的发展提供一些思考和借鉴。