An Innovative Approach towards Selecting Aerobic and Coordinative Exercises in Clinical Practice for Children and Young People with ADHD

A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.

Activating coordinative conjugated polymer via interfacial electron transfer for efficient CO_(2) electroreduction

With tunable local electronic environment,high mass density of MN4sites,and ease of preparation,metal-organic conjugated coordinative polymer(CCP) with inherent electronic conductivity provides a promising alternative to the well-known M-N-C electrocatalysts.Herein,the coordination reaction between Cu^(2+)and 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene(TAB) was conducted on the surface of metallic Cu nanowires,forming a thin layer of CuN4-based CCP(Cu-TAB) on the Cu nanowire.More importantly,interfacial transfer of electrons from Cu core to the CuN4-based CCP nanoshell was observed within the resulting CuTAB@Cu,which was found to enrich the local electronic density of the CuN4sites.As such,the CuTAB@Cu demonstrates much improved affinity to the*COOH intermediate formed from the rate determining step;the energy barrier for C-C coupling,which is critical to convert CO_(2)into C2products,is also decreased.Accordingly,it delivers a current density of-9.1 mA cm^(-2)at a potential as high as 0.558 V(vs.RHE) in H-type cell and a Faraday efficiency of 46.4% for ethanol.This work emphasizes the profound role of interfacial interaction in tuning the local electronic structure and activating the CuN4-based CCPs for efficient electroreduction of CO_(2).

Ultralow-Energy-Barrier H_(2)O_(2)Dissociation on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers in Binary Ce-Fe Prussian Blue Analogue for Efficient and Stable Photo-Fenton Catalysis

The low intrinsic activity of Fenton catalytic site and high demand for light-energy input inhibit the organic-pollution control efficiency of photo-Fenton process.Here,through structural design with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,Ce is predicted to enable the construction of coordinatively unsaturated metal centers(CUCs)in Prussian blue analogue(PBA),which can strongly adsorb H_(2)O_(2)and donate sufficient electrons for directly splitting the O-O bond to produceOH.Using a substitution-co-assembly strategy,binary Ce-Fe PBA is then prepared,which rapidly degrades sulfamethoxazole with the pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant exceeding reported values by 1-2 orders of magnitude.Meanwhile,the photogenerated electrons reduce Fe(Ⅲ)and Ce(Ⅳ)to promote the metal valence cycle in CUCs and make sulfamethoxazole degradation efficiency only lose 6.04%in 5 runs.Overall,by introducing rare earth metals into transition metal-organic frameworks,this work guides the whole process for highly active CUCs from design and construction to mechanism exploration with DFT calculations,enabling ultrafast and stable photo-Fenton catalysis.

基于改进YOLOv5s的输电线路螺栓缺销检测方法

针对无人机输电线路巡检图像中螺栓缺销检测精度较低、漏检较多的问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5s的输电线路螺栓缺销检测方法。在Backbone部分嵌入Coordinate Attention注意力模块;在Neck部分原有的“FPN+PAN”结构的基础上,新增一条“自顶向下”的特征信息传递路径,跨越临近的同尺度特征层,与较浅层网络以加权融合的方式进行特征融合;将Head部分设置为解耦检测头,将对螺栓检测的分类任务与定位任务分开进行。改进后的YOLOv5s算法增强了对螺栓特征信息的学习能力。使用本方法在螺栓缺销数据集上实验,精确率提升了2.3%,召回率提升了3.4%,平均精度提升了3.1%,检测速度达到了41.1帧/秒,表明改进后的方法能提升输电线路螺栓缺销的检测能力,在智能巡检中具有一定的应用价值。

改进注意力机制嵌入PR-Net模型的水稻病害识别仿真

针对现有的CNN模型在水稻叶部病害的识别中准确率较低的问题,提出了一种结合并行结构和残差结构的混合卷积神经网络模型PRC-Net(parallel residual with coordinate attention network)。引入并行结构,提高卷积的感受野;结合残差结构,使特征信息完整的连续传递;在骨干模型PR-Net中嵌入改进的空间注意力机制,增强对不同尺度病斑特征信息的凝聚程度;为进一步提升病害识别的准确率,并减少模型的训练时间和推理时间,通过改变加权方式对模型结构进行优化。仿真结果表明:与InceptionResNetV2等分类模型相比,PRC-Net具有更少的训练参数、更短的训练时间和更高的识别精度,性能优于其他作物病害识别模型。

基于Coordinate Attention和空洞卷积的异物识别

在我国工厂的工业化生产中,带式运输机占有重要的地位,但是在其运输物料的过程中,常有木板、金属管、大型金属片等混入物料中,从而对带式运输机的传送带造成损毁,引起巨大的经济损失.为了检测出传送带上的不规则异物,设计了一种新的异物检测方法.针对传统异物检测方法中存在的对于图像特征提取能力不足以及网络感受野相对较小的问题,我们提出了一种基于coordinate attention和空洞卷积的单阶段异物识别方法.首先,网络利用coordinate attention机制,使网络更加关注图像的空间信息,并对图像中的重要特征进行了增强,增强了网络的性能;其次,在网络提取多尺度特征的部分,将原网络的静态卷积变为空洞卷积,有效减少了常规卷积造成的信息损失;除此之外,我们还使用了新的损失函数,进一步提高了网络的性能.实验结果证明,我们提出的网络能有效识别出传送带上的异物,较好地完成异物检测任务.

Strong synergy between physical and chemical properties:Insight into optimization of atomically dispersed oxygen reduction catalysts

Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit significant influence on facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics with high atom economy,owing to remarkable attributes including nearly 100%atomic utilization and exceptional catalytic functionality.Furthermore,accurately controlling atomic physical properties including spin,charge,orbital,and lattice degrees of atomically dispersed catalysts can realize the optimized chemical properties including maximum atom utilization efficiency,homogenous active centers,and satisfactory catalytic performance,but remains elusive.Here,through physical and chemical insight,we review and systematically summarize the strategies to optimize atomically dispersed ORR catalysts including adjusting the atomic coordination environment,adjacent electronic orbital and site density,and the choice of dual-atom sites.Then the emphasis is on the fundamental understanding of the correlation between the physical property and the catalytic behavior for atomically dispersed catalysts.Finally,an overview of the existing challenges and prospects to illustrate the current obstacles and potential opportunities for the advancement of atomically dispersed catalysts in the realm of electrocatalytic reactions is offered.

Oxygen‑Coordinated Single Mn Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction has attracted increasing attention due to its goal of low carbon emission and environmental protection.Here,we report an efficient NitRR catalyst composed of single Mn sites with atomically dispersed oxygen(O)coordination on bacterial cellulose-converted graphitic carbon(Mn-O-C).Evidence of the atomically dispersed Mn-(O-C_(2))_(4)moieties embedding in the exposed basal plane of carbon surface is confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.As a result,the as-synthesized Mn-O-C catalyst exhibits superior NitRR activity with an NH_(3)yield rate(RNH_(3))of 1476.9±62.6μg h^(−1)cm^(−2)at−0.7 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode,RHE)and a faradaic efficiency(FE)of 89.0±3.8%at−0.5 V(vs.RHE)under ambient conditions.Further,when evaluated with a practical flow cell,Mn-O-C shows a high RNH_(3)of 3706.7±552.0μg h^(−1)cm^(−2)at a current density of 100 mA cm−2,2.5 times of that in the H cell.The in situ FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic studies combined with theoretical calculations indicate that the Mn-(O-C_(2))_(4)sites not only effectively inhibit the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction,but also greatly promote the adsorption and activation of nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),thus boosting both the FE and selectivity of NH_(3)over Mn-(O-C_(2))_(4)sites.

A mixed-coordination electron trapping-enabled high-precision touch-sensitive screen for wearable devices

Touch-sensitive screens are crucial components of wearable devices.Materials such as reduced graphene oxide(rGO),carbon nanotubes(CNTs),and graphene offer promising solutions for flexible touch-sensitive screens.However,when stacked with flexible substrates to form multilayered capacitive touching sensors,these materials often suffer from substrate delamination in response to deformation;this is due to the materials having different Young’s modulus values.Delamination results in failure to offer accurate touch screen recognition.In this work,we demonstrate an induced charge-based mutual capacitive touching sensor capable of high-precision touch sensing.This is enabled by electron trapping and polarization effects related to mixed-coordinated bonding between copper nanoparticles and vertically grown graphene nanosheets.Here,we used an electron cyclotron resonance system to directly fabricate graphene-metal nanofilms(GMNFs)using carbon and copper,which are firmly adhered to flexible substrates.After being subjected to 3000 bending actions,we observed almost no change in touch sensitivity.The screen interaction system,which has a signal-to-noise ratio of 41.16 dB and resolution of 650 dpi,was tested using a handwritten Chinese character recognition trial and achieved an accuracy of 94.82%.Taken together,these results show the promise of touch-sensitive screens that use directly fabricated GMNFs for wearable devices.

Multifunctional Film Assembled from N‑Doped Carbon Nanofiber with Co–N_(4)–O Single Atoms for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Energy Attenuation

Single-atom materials have demonstrated attractive physicochemical characteristics.However,understanding the relationships between the coordination environment of single atoms and their properties at the atomic level remains a considerable challenge.Herein,a facile waterassisted carbonization approach is developed to fabricate well-defined asymmetrically coordinated Co–N_(4)–O sites on biomass-derived carbon nanofiber(Co–N_(4)–O/NCF)for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.In such nanofiber,one atomically dispersed Co site is coordinated with four N atoms in the graphene basal plane and one oxygen atom in the axial direction.In-depth experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the axial Co–O coordination breaks the charge distribution symmetry in the planar porphyrin-like Co–N_(4) structure,leading to significantly enhanced dielectric polarization loss relevant to the planar Co–N_(4) sites.Importantly,the film based on Co–N_(4)–O/NCF exhibits light weight,flexibility,excellent mechanical properties,great thermal insulating feature,and excellent EMW absorption with a reflection loss of−45.82 dB along with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.8 GHz.The findings of this work offer insight into the relationships between the single-atom coordination environment and the dielectric performance,and the proposed strategy can be extended toward the engineering of asymmetrically coordinated single atoms for various applications.

On an isotropic porous solid cylinder:the analytical solution and sensitivity analysis of the pressure

Within this work,we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of the material input parameters on the pressure in an isotropic porous solid cylinder.We provide a step-by-step guide to obtain the analytical solution for a porous isotropic elastic cylinder in terms of the pressure,stresses,and elastic displacement.We obtain the solution by performing a Laplace transform on the governing equations,which are those of Biot's poroelasticity in cylindrical polar coordinates.We enforce radial boundary conditions and obtain the solution in the Laplace transformed domain before reverting back to the time domain.The sensitivity analysis is then carried out,considering only the derived pressure solution.This analysis finds that the time t,Biot's modulus M,and Poisson's ratio ν have the highest influence on the pressure whereas the initial value of pressure P_(0) plays a very little role.

Multifunctional Integrated Organic-Inorganic-Metal Hybrid Aerogel for Excellent Thermal Insulation and Electromagnetic Shielding Performance

Vehicles operating in space need to withstand extreme thermal and electromagnetic environments in light of the burgeoning of space science and technology.It is imperatively desired to high insulation materials with lightweight and extensive mechanical properties.Herein,a boron-silica-tantalum ternary hybrid phenolic aerogel(BSiTa-PA)with exceptional thermal stability,extensive mechanical strength,low thermal conductivity(49.6 mW m^(-1)K^(-1)),and heightened ablative resistance is prepared by an expeditious method.After extremely thermal erosion,the obtained carbon aerogel demonstrates noteworthy electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance with an efficiency of 31.6 dB,accompanied by notable loading property with specific modulus of 272.8 kN·m kg^(-1).This novel design concept has laid the foundation for the development of insulation materials in more complex extreme environments.

Polar-coordinate line-projection light-curing continuous 3D printing for tubular structures

3D printing techniques offer an effective method in fabricating complex radially multi-material structures.However,it is challenging for complex and delicate radially multi-material model geometries without supporting structures,such as tissue vessels and tubular graft,among others.In this work,we tackle these challenges by developing a polar digital light processing technique which uses a rod as the printing platform.The 3D model fabrication is accomplished through line projection.The rotation and translation of the rod are synchronized to project and illuminate the photosensitive material volume.By controlling the distance between the rod and the printing window,we achieved the printing of tubular structures with a minimum wall thickness as thin as 50 micrometers.By controlling the width of fine slits at the printing window,we achieved the printing of structures with a minimum feature size of 10 micrometers.Our process accomplished the fabrication of thin-walled tubular graft structure with a thickness of only 100 micrometers and lengths of several centimeters within a timeframe of just 100 s.Additionally,it enables the printing of axial multi-material structures,thereby achieving adjustable mechanical strength.This method is conducive to rapid customization of tubular grafts and the manufacturing of tubular components in fields such as dentistry,aerospace,and more.

Syntheses and catalytic performances of three coordination polymers with tetracarboxylate ligands

Three zincand cobaltcoordination polymers,namely{[Zn_(2)(μ_(6)-adip)(phen)_(2)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(1),{[Co_(2)(μ_(6)-adip)(bipy)_(2)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(2),and[Co_(2)(μ4-adip)(μ-bpa)_(2)]_(n)(3)have been constructed hydrothermally using H4adip(H4adip=5,5′-azanediyldiisophthalic acid),phen(phen=1,10-phenanthroline),bipy(bipy=2,2′-bipyridine),bpa(bpa=bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and zinc and cobalt chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and single-crystal X-ray diffrac-tion analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three compounds crystallize in the orthorhom-bic system Pnna(1 and 2)or P21212(3)space groups.All compounds exhibit 3D frameworks.The catalytic perfor-mances in the Henry reaction of these compounds were investigated.Compound 3 exhibited an effective catalytic activity in the Henry reaction at 70℃.CCDC:2339391,1;2339392,2;2339393,3.

Combination of Nitrogen-Rich Skeleton and Coordination Group:Synthesis of a High-Energy Primary Explosive Based on 1H-Tetrazole-5-Carbohydrazide

The high energy coordination compounds Cu(TZCA)_(2)(ClO_(4))_(2)(ECCs-1) was prepared by 1H-tetrazole-5-carbohydrazide(TZCA) with a high energy skeleton and a strong coordination ability group.At the same time,the reaction activity of the ligand was explored,and the single crystal structure of it and intermediate were obtained.The structures of all substances were characterized by IR and EA.And the structure and composition of ECCs-1 are confirmed by ESP,AC,SEM and ICP-OES.Physical and chemical properties tests show that ECCs-1 has an acceptable thermal stability(T_(d)=177℃) and extremely sensitive mechanical stimulation(IS=1 J,FS=5 N).The comprehensive performance test results show that ECCs-1 has excellent initiation ability.In addition,the decomposition mechanism of ECCs-1 is explored from two aspects of experiment and theoretical calculation.

Stochastic programming based coordinated expansion planning of generation,transmission,demand side resources,and energy storage considering the DC transmission system

With the increasing penetration of wind and solar energies,the accompanying uncertainty that propagates in the system places higher requirements on the expansion planning of power systems.A source-grid-load-storage coordinated expansion planning model based on stochastic programming was proposed to suppress the impact of wind and solar energy fluctuations.Multiple types of system components,including demand response service entities,converter stations,DC transmission systems,cascade hydropower stations,and other traditional components,have been extensively modeled.Moreover,energy storage systems are considered to improve the accommodation level of renewable energy and alleviate the influence of intermittence.Demand-response service entities from the load side are used to reduce and move the demand during peak load periods.The uncertainties in wind,solar energy,and loads were simulated using stochastic programming.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through numerical simulations.

Fundamental Understanding of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Zinc Anode Surface:A First‑Principles Study

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)has become a key factor affecting the cycling stability of aqueous Zn-ion batteries,while the corresponding fundamental issues involving HER are still unclear.Herein,the reaction mechanisms of HER on various crystalline surfaces have been investigated by first-principle calculations based on density functional theory.It is found that the Volmer step is the ratelimiting step of HER on the Zn(002)and(100)surfaces,while,the reaction rates of HER on the Zn(101),(102)and(103)surfaces are determined by the Tafel step.Moreover,the correlation between HER activity and the generalized coordination number(CN)of Zn at the surfaces has been revealed.The relatively weaker HER activity on Zn(002)surface can be attributed to the higher CN of surface Zn atom.The atomically uneven Zn(002)surface shows significantly higher HER activity than the flat Zn(002)surface as the CN of the surface Zn atom is lowered.The CN of surface Zn atom is proposed as a key descriptor of HER activity.Tuning the CN of surface Zn atom would be a vital strategy to inhibit HER on the Zn anode surface based on the presented theoretical studies.Furthermore,this work provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of HER on the Zn surface.

Optimizing high-coordination shell of Co-based single-atom catalysts for efficient ORR and zinc-air batteries

Atom-level modulation of the coordination environment for single-atom catalysts(SACs)is considered as an effective strategy for elevating the catalytic performance.For the MNxsite,breaking the symmetrical geometry and charge distribution by introducing relatively weak electronegative atoms into the first/second shell is an efficient way,but it remains challenging for elucidating the underlying mechanism of interaction.Herein,a practical strategy was reported to rationally design single cobalt atoms coordinated with both phosphorus and nitrogen atoms in a hierarchically porous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks.X-ray absorption spectrum reveals that atomically dispersed Co sites are coordinated with four N atoms in the first shell and varying numbers of P atoms in the second shell(denoted as Co-N/P-C).The prepared catalyst exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity as well as zinc-air battery performance.The introduction of P atoms in the Co-SACs weakens the interaction between Co and N,significantly promoting the adsorption process of ^(*)OOH,resulting in the acceleration of reaction kinetics and reduction of thermodynamic barrier,responsible for the increased intrinsic activity.Our discovery provides insights into an ultimate design of single-atom catalysts with adjustable electrocatalytic activities for efficient electrochemical energy conversion.

Achieving an ion-homogenizing and corrosion-resisting interface through nitro-coordination chemistry for stable zinc metal anodes

Suppression of uncontrollable dendrite growth and water-induced side reactions of Zn metal anodes is crucial for achieving long-lasting cycling stability and facilitating the practical implementations of aqueous Zn-metal batteries.To address these challenges,we report in this study a functional nitro-cellulose interfacial layer(NCIL)on the surface of Zn anodes enlightened by a nitro-coordination chemistry strategy.The NCIL exhibits strong zincophilicity and superior coordination capability with Zn^(2+)due to the highly electronegative and highly nucleophilic nature of the nitro functional group.This characteristic facilitates a rapid Zn-ion desolvation process and homogeneous Zn plating,effectively preventing H_(2) evolution and dendrite formation.Additionally,the negatively charged surface of NCIL acts as a shield,repelling SO_(4)^(2-)anions and inhibiting corrosive reactions on the Zn surface.Remarkably,reversible and stable Zn plating/stripping is achieved for over 5100 h at a current density of 1 mA cm^(-2),which is nearly 30 times longer than that of bare Zn anodes.Furthermore,the Zn/V_(2)O_(5) full cells with the functional interface layer deliver a high-capacity retention of 80.3%for over 10,000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).This research offers valuable insights for the rational development of advanced protective interface layers in order to achieve ultra-long-lifeZnmetal batteries.

Systematic Elastostatic Stiffness Model of Over-Constrained Parallel Manipulators Without Additional Constraint Equations

The establishment of an elastostatic stiffness model for over constrained parallel manipulators(PMs),particularly those with over constrained subclosed loops,poses a challenge while ensuring numerical stability.This study addresses this issue by proposing a systematic elastostatic stiffness model based on matrix structural analysis(MSA)and independent displacement coordinates(IDCs)extraction techniques.To begin,the closed-loop PM is transformed into an open-loop PM by eliminating constraints.A subassembly element is then introduced,which considers the flexibility of both rods and joints.This approach helps circumvent the numerical instability typically encountered with traditional constraint equations.The IDCs and analytical constraint equations of nodes constrained by various joints are summarized in the appendix,utilizing multipoint constraint theory and singularity analysis,all unified within a single coordinate frame.Subsequently,the open-loop mechanism is efficiently closed by referencing the constraint equations presented in the appendix,alongside its elastostatic model.The proposed method proves to be both modeling and computationally efficient due to the comprehensive summary of the constraint equations in the Appendix,eliminating the need for additional equations.An example utilizing an over constrained subclosed loops demonstrate the application of the proposed method.In conclusion,the model proposed in this study enriches the theory of elastostatic stiffness modeling of PMs and provides an effective solution for stiffness modeling challenges they present.