Safety and coping strategy for high dam under complex natural conditions

In respect to current situation and new challenges for high dam construction in China, safety problems are an- alyzed for high dam construction under complex natural conditions such as high elevation, cold area, high seismic inten- sity, large-seale landslide and high dam and huge reservoirs with dam types such as concrete surface rock-fill, asphalt concrete core, roller compacted concrete （RCC） arch dam and so on. From several aspects, including risk response measures for high dam, strengthening safety awareness for high dam design and construction, improving high dam con- struetion technique, intelligent dam safety management system based on IT, developing dam rehabilitation and mainte- nance technologies, useful dam safety and coping strategy is proposed.

Research on the Impact of Social Media Live-Streaming on Consumer Purchasing Behavior and Its Coping Strategies

Due to the rapid development of network technology and the popularity of live-streaming,more and more businesses and individuals are using live-streaming to promote their products,giving rise to a new marketing model of social media live-streaming.Based on the social media live-streaming market,businesses or enterprises focus on tapping into new consumer demand,and social media live-streaming marketing has gradually expanded into various fields.Based on the SOR theory,this paper discusses how to improve the coping strategies of consumer purchasing behavior through social media live-streaming by analyzing the representative factors affecting consumer purchasing behavior such as anchors,brands,and live-streaming content in social media live-streaming.The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between social media live-streaming marketing models and consumer purchasing behavior and will help to reveal the potentials and limitations of social media live-streaming,thus providing valuable ideas and scientific basis for social media live-streaming marketing strategies.

Health-related quality of life and coping strategies of patients on hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Ilorin,Kwara state,Nigeria

Objective:The study assessed the quality of life(QoL)and coping strategies of patients on hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Ilorin,Kwara State.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design using a quantitative strategy.A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 80 participants.The data were collected using an adapted questionnaire including four sections:sociodemographic characteristics,hemodialysis stressor scale consisting of four stressors,Jaloweic Coping Scale consisting of eight coping strategies,and QoL consisting of four items.The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results:Findings from the study revealed that 50%of the participants were between the ages of 18 and 39 years,40%of the participants have been on hemodialysis for 1-2 years,whereas 52.5%had hypertension as a comorbidity.A total of 12.5%,63.8%,and 23.8%of the respondents were categorized as experiencing low,moderate,and high stress due to hemodialysis,respectively.QoL of the respondents revealed that 49.4%had no problem in self-care dimension.Average monthly income(χ^(2)=16.36,P=0.04)was observed to be significantly associated with coping strategies,whereas religion(χ^(2)=11.14,P=0.03)and frequency of hemodialysis(χ^(2)=10.26,P=0.04)were significantly associated with coping helpfulness.Conclusion:All participants experienced stress at varying degrees.Hemodialysis results in marked changes in the quality of patients’life,since it includes a number of modifications and restrictions,which affects patients’health functioning.This study revealed a wide range of information on the psychological and physiological stressors of people under hemodialysis.

Challenges to establishing and maintaining kidney transplantation programs in developing countries:What are the coping strategies?

Kidney transplantation(KT)is the optimal form of renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal diseases.However,this health service is not available to all patients,especially in developing countries.The deceased donor KT programs are mostly absent,and the living donor KT centers are scarce.Single-center studies presenting experiences from developing countries usually report a variety of challenges.This review addresses these challenges and the opposing strategies by reviewing the single-center experiences of developing countries.The financial challenges hamper the infrastructural and material availability,coverage of transplant costs,and qualification of medical personnel.The sociocultural challenges influence organ donation,equity of beneficence,and regular follow-up work.Low interests and motives for transplantation may result from high medicolegal responsibilities in KT practice,intense potential psychosocial burdens,complex qualification protocols,and low productivity or compensation for KT practice.Low medical literacy about KT advantages is prevalent among clinicians,patients,and the public.The inefficient organizational and regulatory oversight is translated into inefficient healthcare systems,absent national KT programs and registries,uncoordinated job descriptions and qualification protocols,uncoordinated on-site investigations with regulatory constraints,and the prevalence of commercial KT practices.These challenges resulted in noticeable differences between KT services in developed and developing countries.The coping strategies can be summarized in two main mechanisms:The first mechanism is maximizing the available resources by increasing the rates of living kidney donation,promoting the expertise of medical personnel,reducing material consumption,and supporting the establishment and maintenance of KT programs.The latter warrants the expansion of the public sector and the elimination of non-ethical KT practices.The second mechanism is recruiting external resources,including financial,experience,and training agreements.

The Support Systems and Coping Strategies of Infertile Women Attending the Out-Patient Consultation Unit of CHRACERH Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Infertility is a complex disorder with significant psycho-social and economic consequences. It globally affects 10% - 15% of couples. In Cameroon, little is known about what women do to overcome the psychosocial aspects of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the support systems and coping strategies of infertile women attending the outpatient consultation unit of the Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from the 14th of March to the 6th of April 2023 at CHRACERH Yaoundé. A total of 190 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, support systems and coping strategies were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and analytic statistics were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.52 ± 7.64 years. The majority 78.9% of participants were workers (public, private sector, or traders) and were Christians 95.8%. The most common source of psychological support was from family 76.8 and husbands 72.63%. Most of the participants 89.5% resorted to prayer and getting busy 48.4% as a coping strategy. There was no statistically significant relationship between coping strategies and psychological disorders p > 0.05. Conclusion: The main support system of participants was family, husband, and friends. Prayer, getting busy and adoption were the most common coping strategies. There is a need for the Ministry of Public Health and other stakeholders to put in place other support systems and coping strategies (FELICIA) used elsewhere and provide adequate health education and infection control to prevent infertility in Cameroon.

The Impacts of Flood and Local Communities’ Coping Strategies along the River Gambia

Flood disasters as Climate change hazards are common in developing countries, particularly in communities along the river Gambia. Local communities, for instance, had their local coping strategies that enabled them to stay in their communities even amid these ordeals, and climate change disaster threats. This work strives to understand flood impacts and the local peoples’ adaptation or coping strategies along the River Gambia basin. A community-based cross-sectional research study of 422 research participants of which 294 are males (69.7%) and females 128 (30.3%), and a focus group discussion of 10 groups which comprised 5 female groups and 5 male groups respectively found that 98.6% of the households experienced floods in their community, and 70.6% experienced flood in their houses, 2.1% have impending flood information and 88.4% do not know evacuation centres. The majority of the households had some local coping strategies, but they acknowledged their insufficient effectiveness. The result also shows that the impact of floods on farmlands, roads, buildings, and livestock was greatly felt. Coping strategies such as sandbags, raised elevations, contour bonds, dikes, and buildings on highlands were all found to be common mechanisms the local people used. The study opines that floods affect communities, but the effects vary depending on individual assets.

Level of stress among nurses and their adopted coping strategies

Objectives:This study was aimed at identifying the nurse’s level of stress and the coping mechanism adopted by them.Materials and Methods:A descriptive study was done to assess the level of stress and the coping strategies adopted by the nurses in a secondary hospital in North East India,Nagaland.A total enumerative sampling technique was used to select 94 samples for the study.The Nursing stress scale(NSS)by Gray-Toft and Anderson 1981 was used to assess stress,and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire was used.Results:Of 94 samples,68(72.34%)had a mild level of stress,25(26.59%)had a moderate level of stress,and only 1(0.06%)had a severe level of stress.Thirty-one(32.97%)used minimal coping strategies,and 63(67.02%)used moderate coping strategies.There was no significant association between the stress level and selected demographic variables such as age,marital status,and years of experience(all P>0.05).A significant association was found between the stresses of nurses and qualification of nurses(χ2=4.10,P=0.04).Conclusion:The study reveals that most nurses had mild levels of stress.Most nurses use moderate coping strategies to relieve their stressors at work.Thus,there is a need to emphasize the importance of using effective coping strategies for nurses to alleviate their stresses and anxiety in their workplace and even in their personal lives.

Exploring Work-Related Stress and Coping Strategies among Omani Nurses Working in Tertiary Governmental Hospitals at Muscat: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Work-related stress has become a global issue in the nursing workplace, with about 9.20% - 68.0% of nurses globally experiencing stress. Conversely, work-related stress ranges between 20% and 40% in nursing. Other researchers noted that 35.1% of nurses globally experienced elevated stress levels. Stress can damage well-being and lead to coping, which can, directly and indirectly, improve well-being through a perceived state. Nurses need coping mechanisms to manage their stress levels and maintain stability. Coping mechanisms can vary greatly depending on a nurse’s culture and background. Numerous findings indicate that managing stress is more critical than the cause of stress and that the more successful a stress-management approach, the less damage stress brings. Objective: In response to this, it is necessary to explore Omani nurses’ stress level and their coping strategies working in tertiary governmental hospitals in Muscat. Methods: The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design from 15 October 2020 to 30 November 2020. Samples were selected through proportionate population sampling (PPS) from the five selected tertiary hospitals. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires using a perceived stress scale and Ways of Coping. A simple random sample within a stratum (each hospital admitting ward) was done to identify the study participants. The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. Results: About 83.3% of participants had a moderate perceived level of stress with an overall mean perceived stress level of 18.46 ± 4.52. The most common sources of perceived stress are feeling nervous and “stressed” in the last month (2.30 ± 0.95). According to the ways of coping strategies, nurses seemed to be resorting to more “planful problem” (mean = 11.04) and least was seeking social support (mean = 9.67). Conclusion: This study highlighted the work-related stress level of staff nurses, explored their ways of coping and determined the relationship between work-related stress levels and methods of coping. The key finding of this study was that the frequency of stress reported by nurses was high enough to suggest that their stress levels were significant, given the demanding nature of their profession that requires maximum attention. Additionally, nurses seemed to resort to more planful problem-solving mechanisms to deal with their stressful situations than other coping strategies.

Understanding the Link:Emotional Attention in Italian Families and Children’s Social Development

Background:Emotional attention refers to the capacity to recognize and properly respond to one’s and others’emotional states.On another note,family is a primary source of socialization that influences the development of various social skills.In another line,adolescence is a complex stage that has been associated with emotional difficulties that could be related to competences such as prosociability and inclusion.It is inferred that through the family context and the attention that is processed,a series of competencies are transmitted to the youngsters,but this relationship is still unclear.For this reason,the study’s purpose was to examine the relationship between the emotional attention of mothers and fathers and the social and prosocial competencies of their children.Methods:To accomplish this,a cross-sectional study and ex post facto design were conducted.The Trait-Meta Mood Scale(TMMS-24)-to assess emotional attention-,the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)-to determine the prosociality dimension-,and the Test on Passing Developmental Tasks in Adolescence(TCS-A)-to measure social inclusionwere administered.The participants were N=228 families composed of n=114 mothers/fathers(67.5%females)and n=114 daughters/sons(38.5%females)selected through non-probabilistic sampling using a convenience sample in the Bari region of Italy.A descriptive and inferential analysis-Student’s test and Pearson’s correlation-was performed with the statistic package SPSS version 28(significance level p<0.05).Results:The findings showed that the families possessed an adequate background in emotional attention and that their daughters and sons were also generally well-adjusted in social inclusion and prosociality.It also found certain signs that the prosocial competence of the children could be related to the behavior of their mothers and fathers.Conclusion:In conclusion,social inclusion is related to prosocial behavior,and maybe primarily cultivated within families where parents’emotional self-regulation serves as a model for children although further research is necessary.Comparative studies between different cultures are also proposed.

How Emotion Nurtures Mentality:The Influencing Mechanism of Social-Emotional Competency on the Mental Health of University Students

Social-Emotional Competency(SEC),regarded as a critical psychological resource for individuals to adapt to social environments,is an effective protective factor for students’mental health,impacting their future success and well-being.Analyzing the impact of SEC on university students’mental health can offer valuable insights for nurturing talents with healthy psychological and physical development.Based on data from two large-scale surveys of Chinese university students,this study designed two comprehensive Multiple Mediation Models involving SEC,stress,coping strategies,and stress reaction to explore the pathway of emotion nurturing mentality.Study 1 utilized a parallel mediation model to examine the relationships between SEC,academic stress,interpersonal stress,and stress reactions.The results indicated that SEC negatively predicted academic stress,interpersonal stress,and stress reactions.Additionally,academic and interpersonal stress mediated the relationships between SEC and stress reactions in parallel.Extending these findings,Study 2 further investigated the role of coping strategies.By constructing a multiple-chain mediation model,it examined the predictive relationships among SEC,academic stress,interpersonal stress,three types of coping strategies,and stress reactions.The findings indicated that SEC negatively predicted stress,problemavoiding strategy,and stress reactions,while positively predicting problem-solving and assistant-seeking strategies.Furthermore,the two stress types and three coping strategies significantly mediated the relationship between SEC and stress reactions.This indicated that higher SEC was associated with reduced stress and more adaptive coping strategies and subsequently contributed to more favorable stress reactions.This research explored the impact of university students’SEC on mental health and its relational mechanisms,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical insights for future efforts in cultivating SEC among university students to adjust academic and interpersonal stress,to enhance problem-solving and stress resistance capabilities,and to maintain their mental health.

Coping with Multi-scale Climate Change:Study on the Application of Urban Environmental Climate Maps of Stuttgart,Germany

The development of modern cities has brought about tremendous changes in the climate environment.Faced with complex climate conditions,research on multi-scale climate change in cities is of great significance.The urban environmental climate maps and the application of climate atlas tool in Stuttgart,Germany were studied,and the multi-scale application of urban environmental climate maps in Stuttgart,Germany was summarized through the analysis of the pre-planning,current construction situation,and landscape reconstruction of the German"Stuttgart 21"plan case.Besides,other important measures to cope with climate change in German were proposed,and finally multi-scale practical strategies to cope with urban climate and environment were summarized to provide ideas and methods for improving China’s future urban climate environment.

Family care and subjective well-being of coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention:Mediating effects of coping strategies

Objectives To analyze the correlations between family care,coping strategies and the subject well-being(SWB)of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods From November 2019 to October 2020,264 CHD patients who had undergone PCI were enrolled in this questionnaire survey.The research tools applied included General Information Questionnaire,the Adaptation,Partnership,Growth,Affection and Resolve,Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire,and the General Well-being Schedule.SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 software packages were used for statistical analysis.Results The mean scores for family care,confrontation,avoidance,acceptance-resignation and SWB,were 7.59±2.24,20.03±3.78,16.49±2.70,10.42±2.01,and 73.31±11.63,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed that the path coefficient between family care and subjective well-being was higher in males than females.Family care was directly related to coping strategies.The coping strategies were directly related to SWB,while family care showed an indirect association with SWB via coping strategies.Conclusions Family care can improve CHD patients’SWB post-PCI,and coping strategies are important for the link between family care and SWB.Also,men received more family care than women.Based on a patient's characteristics,healthcare providers can promote patients’positive coping strategies,increase their perceived family care,and improve the patient's SWB.

Motivations, Challenges and Coping Strategies for Smoking Cessation: Based on Multi-ethnic Pregnant Couples in Far Western China

The present study aimed to clarify the smoking cessation motivations, challenges and coping strategies among pregnant couples. A qualitative design using a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected by individual semi-structured interviews with 39 married individuals(21 non-smoking pregnant women and 18 smoking or ever-smoking men with a pregnant wife) and 3 imams in an ethnically diverse region of far western China. The most common theme for smoking cessation motivation was 'embryo quality'(i.e., a healthier baby), followed by family's health. Most interviewees reported that husband's withdrawal symptoms were the greatest challenge to smoking cessation, followed by the Chinese tobacco culture. Coping strategies given by the pregnant women typically involved combining emotional, behavioral and social interventions. Social interventions showed advantages in helping to quit smoking. Pregnancy appears to be a positive stimulus for pregnant couples' smoking cessation. Our results suggest that pregnancy, a highly important life event, may help to reduce barriers to smoking cessation at the social level(e.g., limiting access to cigarettes, avoiding temptation to smoke), but does little to help with the withdrawal symptoms. Professional guidance for smoking cessation is still necessary.

Potential influences of religiosity and religious coping strategies on people with diabetes

Diabetes is a significant health issue that threatens patients’overall wellbeing and quality of life.Critical public health concerns center on creating the best approach for diabetes management.Patients and caregivers have different approaches to diabetes management;however,this and the associated physiological,physical and mental health issues remain challenging.This review explores the potential influences of religiosity and religious coping strategies on people with diabetes.This study used a literature review approach to investigate how religiosity and religious coping strategies can influence the effective management of diabetes among patients.Based on the literature search,the researchers were able to identify and cite published papers that were analyzed using the descriptivenarrative analysis.An important goal of the descriptive-narrative analysis was to provide descriptions of the selected literature and take implications from the literature.The results of studies reviewed show some religious coping strategies for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes.The studies did establish a relationship between religiosity and diabetes management and suggest that religious coping strategies could positively impact the management of diabetes;however,they reported some adverse effects.Hence,we propose a pathway for the development of religion-oriented interventions and support framework for the management of diabetes.

Assessment of burden and coping strategies among caregivers of cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa

BACKGROUND Cancer is a devastating and debilitating chronic disease that affects both patients and family members.Available evidence has confirmed that the care of chronically ill relatives by family members can be very challenging.This is because caregiving of cancer patients often presents a high level of burden on the caregivers.Consequently,this leads to a necessity to adopt coping mechanisms to cushion the effect of the burden experienced during caregiving.AIM To determine the burden experienced and coping strategies among caregivers of advanced cancer patients attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital(UCTH),Cross River State,Nigeria.METHODS The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design and the study population included informal family caregivers providing services to histologically diagnosed advanced cancer patients receiving treatment at the UCTH at the time of this survey.A researcher-developed structured questionnaire,a 22-item standardized validated Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI)and a modified 17-item Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced(COPE)Inventory were used to collect data from 250 eligible informal caregivers who were selected with regard to caregiver’s characteristics,caregivers’level of burden and caregiver’s coping strategies,respectively.Data gathered from the respondents were collated,coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS version 24.0)software and Predictive Analytical Software(PAS version 19.0).Chi-square was used to test for association between categorical variables at the 0.05 level of significance.The results are presented in tables and charts.RESULTS The respondents consisted of more females 132(62.86%)than males 78(37.14%).The majority of respondents(46.2%)were aged between 31-50 years with a mean age of 35.9±18.1 years.The assessment of burden level revealed that 97 caregivers(46.19%)experienced severe burden,37(17.62%)experienced trivial or no burden,while 76(36.2%)perceived moderate burden.The coping strategies used by caregivers to ease the level of burden experienced during caregiving included;acceptance,reprioritization,appreciation,family,positive self-view and empathy.Also,it was documented that there was a strong association between caregivers’level of burden and coping strategies(P=0.030).Findings also showed that age(P=0.000),sex(P=0.000),educational status(P=0.000),functional ability(P=0.000),duration of care(P=0.000),desire to continue caregiving(P=0.000)and type of cancer(P=0.000)were statistically significantly associated with caregivers’coping strategies.CONCLUSION There is great recognition of the role of informal caregivers in improving the health of their relatives and family members who are chronically ill.It was recommended that support groups in collaboration with health care providers should organize a symposium for informal caregivers on the intricacies of caregiving in chronically ill patients.This would create a platform for experience sharing,information dissemination and health care professional-caregiver interaction to enhance positive caregiving outcomes.

Adaptation and coping strategies in Chinese Antarctic Expeditioners' winter-over life

The harsh natural and social environments in Antarctica challenge the limit of physical and psychological adaptation. Psychological research on Antarctic expeditioners＇ winter-over life can enhance our understanding of how humans adapt to isolated, confined and extreme environments. In this qualitative study, nine people who worked at either the Great Wall station or Zhongshan Station were interviewed. Most of the problems related to adaptation in Antarctica could be summarized and categorized into four types： physical, emotional, interpersonal and task-related. Two main sets of factors which impact quality of work and life in Antarctica were identified. The first set refers to internal factors comprising personality, attitude, age and previous experience. The second set is external factors including natural environments as well as conditions of stations and key persons, especially the chef and station master. A theoretical framework of coping strategies including organizational and individual aspects was developed. Among the seven ways of coping, energy transferring such as taking part in sports entertainment or learning played the most important role. The results not only provide a strong theoretical base for future research of polar psychology, but also provide an empirical base for more applications on Antarctic expeditions, flight and space missions.

Coping Strategies in Relation with Personality Resources of Resilience and Possibilities of Intervention in Adolescents

The study examined the relationship between coping strategies and personality resources of resilience and presented the results of the research of the effects. Programme aimed at stress resistance enhancing, which was applied in a closed chosen groups of physically handicapped adolescents and adolescents without physical handicap. Within the scope of the programme, during the period of four months and throughout eighteen independent meetings, specific trainings aimed at personality resources enhancing were used with focusing on basic development areas in the groups adolescents （aged 12-15 years）. In comparison with the intact group, the physically handicapped adolescents make use of some less acceptable coping strategies. The observed preferences of looking for understanding and emotional support by adolescent girls indicate the influence of gender on the selection of a certain type of coping strategy. After＇the programme was completed, a retest showed difference in group participants used active, i.e. adaptive types of coping strategies. On the basis of the results, it is recommended to focus on prevention and intervention area besides the research and diagnostic area.

Influence of Disability on the Coping Strategies and Personality Structure in Early Adolescence

The study presents the results of exploring the effect of physical disability on the coping strategies and personality factors in a group of adolescents. It is discovered that the context of adaptability in stress coping and that of preferred coping strategies with personality factors in a cohort （N = 410） measured by means of a questionnaire： coping inventory, children＇s coping strategies checklist, and the Big Five scales for California Child Q-Set. The results point to an indicator of active stress coping in the compared cohorts such as conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism. Conscientiousness and openness as indicators of adaptive self-focused and environment-focused stress coping. Identified limits to the used coping strategies in adolescents require application of programmes in support of development of personality qualities, as effective coping indicators specifically in disabled adolescents.

The Principals Stress and Coping Strategies in Bedouin Schools in Israel

The purpose of this research is to investigate the principals’stress and coping strategies to deal with stress by principals in Bedouin schools in Israel.Data were collected in this research by combining a quantitative and qualitative mixed method.A quantitative research questionnaire was conducted for school principals in 36 schools,in addition to an interview with three principals based on the causes of principal stress and coping mechanisms.Research results show that the principals experiencing balance had the highest mean(M)of 3.28 and standard deviation(SD)of 1.64 on a five-point scale.Principals experiencing moderate stress was parents(M=3.10,SD=0.57)and teachers(M=3.14,SD=0.54),while workload had the lowest mean(M=2.97,SD=0.64).

Study on the psychological reaction and coping strategies of nursing students under the spread of COVID-19

Background:To understand the psychological reaction and coping strategies of infectious diseases among nursing students.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 455 nursing students in the school,and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the general data table and the psychological reaction and coping strategy scale of infectious diseases of college students and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was used as an example of the infectious diseases.Results:the psychological reaction of nursing students was related to gender(P=0.006),age(P=0.001),education level(P=0.019),professional category of senior high school(P=0.014),whether they were student cadres(P<0.001)and whether there were immediate relatives engaged in medical and health related work(P=0.022).Different education level(P=0.017),different age(P=0.041),different residence(P=0.003),high school professional category(P=0.008)and whether there are immediate relatives engaged in medical and health related work(P=0.021)are related to their coping strategies.Conclusion:Nursing students with different demographic data have different psychological reactions and coping strategies.In the future research on the infectious diseases related to nursing students,it is suggested to focus on the female,the younger,the less educated,the liberal arts students and the nursing students who have no immediate family members engaged in medical and health related work,so as to promote the physical and mental health development of the nursing students in school.