The Coping Styles and Perception of Illness in Patients with Breast Cancer—Relation to Body Image and Type of Surgery

Breast cancer is considered one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and death in women.Individuals’response to information regarding health threats and illness can influence the adjustment of the treatment to existing conditions including the issues of non-completion of treatment or non-attendance at medical appointments.The study aimed to examine the relationship between illness perception,body image dissatisfaction and(mal)adaptive coping styles in breast cancer patients.A sample of 197 patients with diagnosed breast cancer hospitalized at the Center for Oncology and Radiology,Kragujevac,Serbia,was surveyed.The instruments included sociodemographic questionnaire,a Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(BIPQ),a Body Image Scale(BIS),and a Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale(Mini-MAС).Results showed that 52%of the variance of maladaptive coping style in women who underwent mastectomy was explained by the negative illness perception,while body image dissatisfaction reflected through this connection(CFI>.95,GFI>.95,RMSEA=.01,SRMR=.08).Similar results were found in patients with breast-conserving surgery but with lower percentage(36%)of variance explained(CFI>.95,GFI>.95,RMSEA<.02,SRMR<.05).If confirmed by further studies,these results would suggest that patients who underwent mastectomy tend to be more dissatisfied with their body image,have tendency to perceive illness as threatening and resort to maladaptive coping styles.However,any form of appearance modification,including breast-conserving surgery,carries the risk of body image dissatisfaction,and consequently the risk of maladaptive coping behaviors.Our results suggest that health professionals and public policies should put an additional focus on the assessment of the patient’s body image dissatisfaction,to improve the health and wellbeing of the affected women.

Linking Perceived Risk of Public Health Emergency to Psychological Distress among Chinese College Students: The Chain Mediation Role of Balanced Time Perspective and Negative Coping Styles

Background:With public health emergencies(PHE)worldwide increasing,the perceived risk of PHE has been one of the critical factors influencing college students’psychological distress.However,the mechanisms by which the perceived risk of PHE affects college students’psychological distress are not clear.The study’s purpose was to investigate the mediation roles of deviation from a balanced time perspective(DBTP)and negative coping styles between the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to survey 1054 Chinese college students with self-reporting.Data was collected using the Public Risk Perception Scale(PRPS),the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI),the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),the PHE Anxiety Scale,and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ).The associations between the perceived risk of PHE,DBTP,negative coping styles,and psychological distress were clarified using the correlation analysis.Additionally,the mediating roles of DBTP and negative coping styles between the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress were investigated using a structural equation model.Results:The findings revealed low to moderate correlations between the variables studied.Students’perceived risk of PHE was a positive predictor of their psychological distress(b=0.219,p<0.01).DBTP and negative coping styles played chain mediation roles between them with the effect being 0.009 and a 95%Boot CI of[0.003,0.023].This chain mediation model had an excellent fit index(χ^(2)/df=4.732,CFI=0.973,TLI=0.930,RMSEA=0.048,SRMR=0.047).Conclusion:These findings showed how the perceived risk of PHE affected college students’psychological distress.Specifically,these results suggested that improving students’mental ability to switch effectively among different time perspectives depending on task features and situational considerations and reducing their negative coping styles might be effective ways to promote their mental health.

Uncertainty in illness and coping styles:Moderating and mediating effects of resilience in stroke patients

BACKGROUND Stroke has a great influence on the patient’s mental health,and reasonable psychological adjustment and disease perception can promote the recovery of mental health.AIM To explore the relationships among resilience,coping style,and uncertainty in illness of stroke patients.METHODS A retrospective study was used to investigate 154 stroke patients who were diagnosed and treated at eight medical institutes in Henan province,China from October to December 2019.We used the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire to test the uncertainty in illness,resilience,and coping style,respectively.RESULTS Resilience had a significant moderating role in the correlation between coping style and unpredictability and information deficiency for uncertainty in illness(P<0.05).Further,the tenacity and strength dimensions of resilience mediated the correlation between the confrontation coping style and complexity,respectively(P<0.05).The strength dimension of resilience mediated the correlation between an avoidance coping style and the unpredictability of uncertainty in illness(P<0.05),as well as correlated with resignation,complexity,and unpredictability(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Resilience has moderating and mediating roles in the associations between coping style and uncertainty in illness,indicating that it is vital to improve resilience and consider positive coping styles for stroke patients in the prevention and control of uncertainty in illness.

Work-family conflict and job burn-out among Chinese doctors:the mediating role of coping styles

Background Burn-out among doctors threatens their own health, and that of their patients. To identify risk factors of the doctor burn-out is vital to improving their health and increasing the quality of healthcare services. This study aims to explore the relationship between work-family confict （WFC） and burn-out among Chinese doctors and the mediating role of coping styles in this relationship.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China, with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory （CMBI）, WFC Scale and the Simplifed Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ）. A total of 2530 doctors participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between CMBI, WFC and SCSQ scores. A linear regression model was set to determine the mediating role of coping styles on the relationship between WFC and burn-out.Results Doctors who had higher scores on work interfering with family confict, reported more emotional exhaustion （r=0.514, P〈0.001） and had a sense of accomplishment （r= 0.149, P〈0.001）. Simultaneously, family interfering with work （FIW） was positively associated with all dimensions of burn-out （r=0.213, 0.504, 0.088, respectively, P〈0.001）. Coping styles had partial, complete and even mediating effects on the relationship between WFC and burn-out among Chinese doctors.Conclusions WFC was correlated with burn-out, and coping style was a mediator in this relationship among Chinese doctors. Coping style was a positive resource against burn-out.

Stress and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum:A cross-section study

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the level of stress,types of stressors,type of coping styles,and factors influencing stress levels and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum.Methods:A cross-sectional survey design was used.In September 2017,participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province,China,using a convenience sampling method.A demographic characteristics questionnaire,the Intern Nursing Student Stressor Scale,and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire were used to collect data.Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis,independent sample t-tests,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson’s correlation analysis,and multiple linear regres-sion analysis.Results:A total of 158 nursing students were recruited,most of whom were female,undergraduates,and from rural areas.The nursing students perceived a moderate level of stress during the initial period of the clinical practicum.The need for knowledge and skills was the most common source of stress.Positive coping styles were most commonly adopted.Nursing students who were undergraduates,only children,and chose nursing major involuntarily experienced higher stress levels than those who were junior college students,not only children,and chose nursing major voluntarily.Nursing undergraduates were more likely to use positive coping styles than junior college students.Male nursing students and those experiencing higher stress levels related to the“environment and equipment of the wards”and the“nature and content of the work”were more likely to use negative coping styles.Conclusion:Nursing educators should offer targeted guidance based on the stress reported during the clinical practicum and the demographic characteristics of the nursing students.Guidance should be provided to encourage nursing students to adopt effective coping strategies and reduce stress.

Influence of childhood trauma on adolescent internet addiction: The mediating roles of loneliness and negative coping styles

BACKGROUND In the information age,the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students.Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction(IA).Thus,actively exploring the factors influencing adolescent and the mechanism of addiction as well as promoting adolescent physical and mental health and academic development are priorities that families,schools,and society urgently need to address.AIM To explore the effect of childhood trauma on adolescent IA and to consider the roles of loneliness and negative coping styles.METHODS A total of 11310 students from six junior high schools in Henan,China,completed the child trauma questionnaire,IA test,loneliness scale,and simple coping style questionnaire.In addition,data were collected from 1044 adolescents with child-hood trauma for analysis with IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 28.0;we examined the relationships among childhood trauma,IA,loneliness,and negative coping styles.RESULTS We found that childhood trauma not only directly affected adolescents’IA but also affected IA through loneliness and negative coping styles.CONCLUSION Therefore,this study has theoretical implications regarding adolescent mental health and may inform interventions for IA.

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with exercise intervention on the cognitive bias and coping styles of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common digestive system disease with a high incidence rate and is common in women.The cause of IBS remains unclear.Some studies have shown that mental and psychological diseases are independent risk factors for IBS.At present,the treatment of IBS is mainly symptomatic treatment.Clinically,doctors also use cognitive behavioral therapy to improve patients'cognitive ability to diseases and clinical symptoms.In recent years,exercise therapy has attracted more and more attention from scholars.Improving the symptoms of IBS patients through psychosomatic treatment strategy may be a good treatment method.AIM To explore the effects of an intervention of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with exercise(CBT+E)on the cognitive bias and coping styles of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D);and to provide a theoretical reference for the management of IBS.METHODS Sixty IBS-D patients and thirty healthy subjects were selected.The 60 IBS-D patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was treated with the CBT+E intervention,while the control group was treated with conventional drugs without any additional intervention.The cognitive bias and coping styles of the participants were evaluated at baseline and after 6 wk,12 wk and 24 wk using the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire(ATQ),Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale(DAS)and Pain Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ)instruments,and the intervention effect was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software.RESULTS At baseline,the scores on the various scales showed that all subjects had cognitive bias and adverse coping styles.The IBS Symptom Severity Scale(IBSSSS)scores,ATQ total scores,DAS scores and CSQ scores of the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,after 6 wk of the CBT+E intervention,there were significant differences in the ATQ scores,the dependence and total scores on the DAS,and the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ(P<0.05).After 12 wk,there were significant differences in the scores for perfectionism on the DAS and in the scores for reinterpretation,neglect and pain behavior on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.05).After 24 wk,there were significant differences in the vulnerability,dependence,perfectionism,and total scores on the DAS and in the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.01).The IBS-SSS scores were negatively correlated with the ATQ and DAS total scores(P<0.05)but were positively correlated with the CSQ total score(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Intervention consisting of CBT+E can correct the cognitive bias of IBS-D patients and eliminate their adverse coping conditions.CBT+E should be promoted for IBS and psychosomatic diseases.

Analysis of coping styles of elderly women patients with stress urinary incontinence

Objective:The aim of this study was to survey the coping style and related factors of elderly women with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and provide a strong theoretical basis for promoting a positive coping style to improve quality of life in these patients.Methods:Cross-sectional surveys addressing SUI cognition and coping techniques of 520 elderly women patients with SUI were administered between July 2013 and February 2014.Results:Elderly women with SUI had significantly higher avoidance and acceptanceresignation scores than the normal population(p<0.05).Age,marital status,education level and stress urinary incontinence cognitive level all influenced the medical coping style of these patients.Conclusions:Elderly female patients with SUI differ in the factors that influence their coping styles;therefore,clinical and community medical staff should include a comprehensive analysis that takes these factors into consideration when working with patients with SUI to guide them in adopting a positive coping style.

The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety?

Background: Healthcare providers were faced daily with many decision-making that impacted patients’ safety. According to dual process theory, there were two types of thinking: Experiential style (ES) and Rational Style (RS). Both thinking styles had an impact on individuals’ decisions making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out nurses’ and physicians’ styles of thinking and how this impacted patients’ safety. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Nurses and physicians sample of adults (n = 308), 190 (61.7%) of the sample were nurses and 118 (38.3%) of the sample were physicians. Participants completed a self-report online survey, which included demographic information followed by questionnaires to measure thinking style and a cognitive puzzle to see if the medical error was associated with certain styles of thinking. Results: The main findings were that nurses (M = 2.41, SD = 0.37) had significantly higher scores compared to physicians (M = 2.29, SD = 0.39) in their ES, t(305) = 2.73, p = 0.007;with medium effect size, d = 0.37692. Conclusion: Nurses differed from physicians in ES where nurses had a significantly higher score than physicians which could be positive for patients’ safety as higher ES would report errors compared to lower ES.

Peculiarities of Medical Personnel Behavior Styles in Conflict Situations

Introduction: Leadership style is a way, a system of methods of influence of the leader on subordinates. This is one of the most important factors of the effective work of the institution, the full realization of the potential capabilities of people in the team. Leadership style, as an individual way of carrying out management activities, is mostly associated with the person of the manager. The management style is formed under the influence of the relationship between the manager and the team in the process of making and implementing management decisions, individual characteristics and preferences of the manager. The objective of the study was conflicts in the field of healthcare in the system “medical personnel of a healthcare institution—patients and relatives of patients”. The objective of the study was to determine management styles in conflict situations among medical workers. Materials and Methods: With the help of a direct individual survey, according to an anonymous questionnaire developed by us, the opinion of 582 medical workers (422 doctors and 160 nurses) of general hospitals and primary care centers of Chernivtsi and Chernivtsi region regarding the ceilings of behavior in conflict situations was studied. Results: In a conflict situation, the leading form of behavior for medics, both doctors and medical personnel, is the subordinate type (29.6% and 38.1%, respectively). The second most frequent method of conflict resolution is an authoritarian strategy (20.6% for doctors and 15% for nurses), in which personal aspirations and the achievement of one’s own goals come to the fore. Dependent style (17.8% for doctors and 13.75% for nurses) ranks third. A selfish style of behavior in a conflict situation is characteristic of 13.7% of doctors and 13.1% of nurses. A friendly style of behavior during the resolution of conflict situations is characteristic of medical workers at a rather low level (12.3% for doctors and 12.5% for nurses). Aggressive style (5.9% for doctors and 7.5% for nurses) is the least popular as a model of behavior in a conflict situation among respondents. Conclusion: The style of behavior of doctors and nurses in conflict situations is ambiguous, which is due to personal qualities, the degree of leadership, professional relationships and the specifics of the work environment.

The moderating role of NTSR1 polymorphisms on personality and coping styles among breast cancer patients

Background:Some personality traits could be a predictor for coping styles.The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between personality traits and coping mechanisms in the context of gene regulation among breast cancer patients.Material and methods:This cross-sectional study was performed in 2021.A total of 200 breast cancer patients were included in this study.Data were collected using the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ)and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC).And individuals’blood was tested for genotype.Results:The findings indicated that there existed an inverse relationship between extraversion and negative coping style while also demonstrating a significant association between extraversion and positive coping style.Neuroticism was positively correlated with negative coping style but negatively with positive coping style.The SNP of NTSR1 only moderated the relationship between neuroticism and negative coping styles in breast cancer patients.Conclusion:The present investigation delves into the correlation between personality traits and coping mechanisms at the molecular level in breast cancer patients.

How do Medical Students Learn?

Background & Objectives: In this paper, we try to define learning, to describe how retention of memorized material can be improved and to describe how to help students improve clinical reasoning and problem solving skills. The goal of teaching is to improve learning, but how do we know that students are learning in the proper way? Methods: We depend on our experience in medical and clinical teaching of our undergraduate and postgraduate students during implementation of the curriculum. We interview 1st year (preclinical) and 6th year medical students by certain questionnaires (VARK) in order to know their learning methods and their knowledge about the styles of learning and the techniques of learning. Learning is viewed here as developing a way of thinking and acting that is a characteristic of an expert physician. Such a way of thinking consists of three important elements: We utilize Working Memory in 3 main approaches: First, attention in a way through questions, focus attention and uses of first letter of statement of the word;Second, rule of 7 (Teach < 7 steps);Third, concentration on important relevant materials. We have to keep in our mind that even if we remember something, it doesn't mean we understand it. In addition, the case learning approach & problem solving learning approach are the methods used and we try to be cooperative, active, and experimental and the student must be self directed and the students should be competent in his learning methods, most are confident of their ability. Results: Most of the first year students have poor knowledge in regards to style & learning techniques. For final year students around 30% learn two styles and 20% trimodel, especially more in female students, 10% mention single model in their learning and the remaining learn by Quad modals. In conclusion, learning how to learn must be a standard part of the curriculum in medical school, and student must be aware of that.

Attachment Styles and Traumatic Responses: Exploring the Impact of Parental Interaction on Child Development and Coping Mechanisms

This article explores the intricate relationship between attachment styles formed during early childhood and the subsequent responses to traumatic events, particularly the death of a parent. Drawing on the theoretical framework of attachment theory and incorporating contemporary research, the paper discusses how parental interactions shape the neural circuitry of infants and children, influencing their ability to form secure or insecure attachments. These attachment styles, in turn, play a critical role in determining the child’s coping mechanisms when faced with trauma. This paper focuses on trying to understand how attachment theory is connected to the reaction to trauma with a highlight on the four major styles of attachments which are secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized to mention but a few, and how they influence stress and adversity in children. Attachment theory holds that human beings’ ability to form affectional bonds in infancy determines their patterns of relatedness across the life cycle. The type of attachment that is secure usually supports healthy adaptation and good coping mechanisms regardless of the trauma in the childhood of the child. While secure attachment mostly facilitates favorable trauma-related outcomes, anxious or avoidant attachment can exacerbate or alter the responses. The caregiving system that is avoidant attachment has implications of autonomous self-functioning which has features of suppression of the emotional response and poor search for emotional support during stress. From the principles of developmental psychology and trauma theory, the paper also focuses on the major significance of the child’s early caregivers’ interactions that define the resilience and vulnerability factor. This knowledge is therefore critical in designing specific interventions based on the improvement of coping behaviors and emotional regulatory systems of children who have been exposed to trauma. Finally, we have the synthesis of new knowledge about the role of secure attachment relationships as its fundamental element in shaping adaptive traumatization and psychological development. The article also delves into the physiological processes involved in emotional regulation and the role of cortisol in disrupting attachment. Finally, the implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions and the challenges of addressing prolonged grief and traumatic responses in clinical settings are considered.

压力-适应理论指导下的护理干预在重症肺炎患者中的应用效果及对压力知觉和应对方式的影响

目的分析压力-适应理论指导下的护理干预在重症肺炎患者中的应用效果。方法采取便利抽样的方法选取本院收治的69例重症肺炎患者为研究对象,根据不同护理方法将其分为对照组(34例)和观察组(35例)。对照组予以常规护理,观察组展开压力-适应理论指导下的护理干预。比较两组的护理效果。结果观察组的呼吸困难症状缓解时间、哮鸣音消失时间、肺啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、气促消失时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组的第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、最大呼气中期流速(MMEF)及第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV_(1)/FVC)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组的中文版知觉压力量表(CPSS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组的积极应对、压力应对能力量表(MSI)评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论压力-适应理论指导下的护理干预能缩短重症肺炎患者的康复进程,改善其肺功能和应对方式,降低压力知觉水平,提高压力应对能力。

适应理论的积极心理学干预联合合理情绪疗法对甲状腺功能亢进患者的影响

目的:探讨基于适应理论的积极心理学干预联合合理情绪(REBT)疗法对甲状腺功能亢进患者心理健康、人格特征和应对方式的影响。方法:选取2021年4月-2024年3月在某院确诊的160例甲状腺功能亢进患者,根据入院时间将2021年4月-2022年6月采用常规干预的80例患者纳入为参照组,将2022年7月-2024年3月在参照组基础上加用基于适应理论的积极心理学干预的80例患者纳入为联合组,均持续干预8周。比较两组患者干预前后心理健康[采用评估汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)]、精神症状[采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估]、人格特质[采用中国版艾森克人格简式量表(EPQ-RSC)评分评估]、应对方式[采用简易应对方式量表评估]和生活质量[采用生活质量量表(SF-36)评估]。结果:干预后,联合组HAMA和HAMD量表评分、SCL-90量表评分和EPQ-RSC量表评分较参照组低,联合组患者的简易应对方式量表评分和生活质量较参照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于适应理论的积极心理学干预REBT疗法可以改善患者心理健康,降低患者人格特征倾向化表现,提高其对疾病的积极应对方式和生活质量。

心理健康教育课程教学对大学新生应对方式、心理适应性及专业心理支持求助态度的影响

目的:探究心理健康教育课程教学对大学新生应对方式、心理适应性及专业心理支持求助态度的影响。方法:采用简易应对方式量表、青少年心理适应性量表、专业心理支持求助态度量表,选取9月份入学的某高校596名大学新生作为被试。研究分为实验组(n=298)和对照组(n=298)。实验组进行为期8周的心理健康教育课程教学,对照组不接受心理健康教育课程教学。比较干预前后两组大学新生应对方式、心理适应性、专业心理支持求助态度的变化。结果:干预8周后实验组的积极应对方式、心理适应性、专业心理支持求助态度后测成绩显著高于前测成绩(t=-10.633,-9.286,-13.878;P<0.001),消极应对方式的后测成绩显著低于前测成绩(t=39.615,P<0.001)。干预8周后实验组的积极应对方式、心理适应性、专业心理支持求助态度成绩增量显著高于对照组(t=8.153,4.881,6.565;P<0.001),消极应对方式成绩减量显著高于对照组(t=17.007,P<0.001)。结论:心理健康教育课程可以明显提升大学新生的应对方式,增强心理适应性和专业心理支持求助态度。

接受与承诺疗法为基础的心理干预对颌面创伤患者心理弹性和应对方式的影响

目的:探讨以接受与承诺疗法(ACT)为基础的心理干预对颌面创伤患者心理弹性和应对方式的影响研究。方法:选取2021年5月-2024年5月在某院收治的198例颌面创伤患者,以随机数字表法分组,对照组99例患者进行术后常规干预,研究组99例患者采用ACT干预。比较两组患者干预前后心理弹性、应对方式、希望水平及生活质量。结果:干预后,两组患者心理弹性、希望水平和生活质量评分及总分均升高,且研究组高于对照组(t=5.117,4.979,4.160,6.203,4.668,6.004,5.044,6.168,10.815,7.012,6.851,8.071,8.836;P<0.05);研究组积极面对得分高于对照组,回避、屈服低于对照组(t=4.203,5.785,5.850;P<0.05)。结论:以ACT为基础的心理干预能有效提高颌面创伤患者心理弹性和应对方式,使患者积极面对颌面创伤,提高生活质量。

产后压力性尿失禁患者应对方式调查及消极应对的影响因素分析

目的对产后压力性尿失禁患者的应对方式开展调查,分析消极应对的影响因素。方法对本院产后压力性尿失禁患者进行调查,选取200例(2022年3月至2023年3月),经单因素/多因素Logistic回归分析探讨患者消极应对的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,文化程度、病耻感、工作状态、疾病认知、家庭支持等有明显差异性,皆会影响产后压力性尿失禁患者的消极应对表现,P<0.05;通过多因素分析可知,文化程度、疾病认知、病耻感、家庭支持,皆为影响产后压力性尿失禁患者消极应对的危险因素,P<0.05。结论文化程度、疾病认知、病耻感、家庭支持皆是产后压力性尿失禁患者消极应对的影响因素,针对此类患者,应采取有效的干预。

大学生安全感与孤独感的关系:自尊和积极应对方式的链式中介效应

目的:探索安全感对大学生孤独感的影响,以及自尊和积极应对方式在两者之间的中介作用。方法:采用安全感量表、自尊量表、简易应对方式问卷、孤独感量表对2533名大学生进行调查。结果:①自尊、安全感、积极应对方式两两显著正相关(P<0.01),孤独感与自尊、安全感、积极应对方式显著负相关(P<0.01);②安全感可以直接负向预测个体孤独感(β=-0.20,P<0.001),还可以通过3条间接路径影响孤独感:自尊的单独中介作用(β=-0.08,P<0.001)、积极应对方式的单独中介作用(β=-0.03,P<0.001)、自尊和积极应对方式的链式中介作用(β=-0.01,P<0.001)。结论:提高个体安全感水平和自尊水平,培养积极应对问题的习惯,可在一定程度上缓解个体孤独感。

罗森塔尔效应下的心理干预改善女性美容就医者认知偏差和应对方式的效果观察

目的:探讨罗森塔尔效应下的心理干预改善女性美容就医者认知偏差和应对方式的效果。方法:选取2020年1月-2022年12月80例在笔者医院行整形美容手术的女性就医者的临床资料进行研究。按照护理方法的不同将上述就医者中使用常规整形美容护理的35例就医者设为常规组,在常规整形美容护理基础上使用罗森塔尔效应下的心理干预的45例就医者设为试验组。比较两组就医者的认知偏差[体象障碍自评量表(Body image rating scale,BIRS)]、应对方式[简易应对方式问卷(Simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)]、心理健康(美容整形患者心理健康评估量表)、自我接纳[自我接纳问卷(Self Assessment Questionnaire,SAQ)]以及美学效果满意度。结果:干预前,两组就医者的BIRS总分、SCSQ积极维度评分、SCSQ消极维度评分、美容整形患者心理健康评估量表总分、SAQ总分比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组SCSQ积极维度评分、SAQ总分相较于干预前均上升(P<0.05),且试验组高于常规组(P<0.05);干预后,两组BIRS总分、SCSQ消极维度评分、美容整形患者心理健康评估量表总分相较于干预前均下降(P<0.05),且试验组低于常规组(P<0.05);试验组的美学效果满意度93.33%,高于常规组的77.14%(P<0.05)。结论:罗森塔尔效应下的心理干预可改善女性美容就医者认知偏差水平、心理健康水平、自我接纳水平,提高应对方式与美学效果满意度。