Dissolution kinetics of low grade complex copper ore in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution

The leaching kinetics of Tang-dan refractory low grade complex copper ore was investigated in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution.The concentration of ammonia and ammonium chloride,the ore particle size,the solid-to-liquid ratio and the temperature were chosen as parameters in the experiments.The results show that temperature,concentration of ammonia and ammonium chloride have favorable influence on the leaching rate of copper oxide ores.But,leaching rate decreases with increasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio.The leaching process is controlled by the diffusion of the lixiviant and the activation energy is determined to be 23.279 kJ/mol.An equation was also proposed to describe the leaching kinetics.

Effect of ultraviolet mutagenesis on heterotrophic strain mutation and bioleaching of low grade copper ore

The effect of ultraviolet mutagenesis on a heterotrophic strain(Providencia JAT-1) mutation was studied and bioleaching of low grade copper ore with mutant bacteria was investigated. The results show that the activity of bacteria was improved after ultraviolet mutagenesis; the best irradiation time was 120 s. Compared to the original bacteria, the cells density of mutant bacteria at stationary phase increased by 26% and ammonia produced by mutant bacteria increased by 12%. Higher activity of bacteria leads to a higher copper extraction rate. The bioleaching performance of Providencia JAT-1 was improved after UV mutagenesis. The copper extraction rate with mutant bacteria increased by 10.6% compared to the original bacteria. The ore surface was corroded and the fine particles were absent after bioleaching. Free copper oxide and copper silicates could be leached out easily by using JAT-1; a small part of the copper sulfide can also be leached out. Bioleaching using JAT-1 is more effective than ammonia leaching and copper extraction rate with mutant bacteria was 21.1% higher than that by ammonia leaching under the same condition.

Enhanced copper recovery from low grade copper sulfide ores through bioleaching using residues produced by fermentation of agricultural wastes

Effects of residues produced by agricultural wastes fermentation(AWF)on low grade copper sulfide ores bioleaching,copper recovery,and microbial community were investigated.The results indicated that adding appropriate bulk of AWF made contributions to low grade copper sulfide ores bioleaching,which may be mainly realized through reducing the passivation layer formed by Fe3+hydrolysis.Improved copper recovery(78.35%)and bacteria concentration(9.56×10^(7)cells·mL^(−1))were yielded in the presence of 5 g·L^(−1)AWF.The result of 16S rDNA analysis demonstrated that microbial community was differentiated by adding AWF.Bacteria proportion,such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Moraxella osloensis,and Lactobacillus acetotolerans changed distinctly.Great difference between samples was showed according to beta diversity index,and the maximum value reached 0.375.Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans accounted for the highest proportion throughout the bioleaching process,and that of sample in the presence of 5 g·L^(−) AWF reached 28.63%.The results should show reference to application of agricultural wastes and low grade copper sulfide ores.

Acid equilibrium during bioleaching of alkaline low-grade sulfide copper ore

This article reports the study on acid equilibrium during bioleaching of alkaline low-grade copper sulfide ore. Adding auxiliary agents 1# （sulfur） and 2# （pyrite） makes bacterial leaching of copper and acid production carried out simultaneously because the auxiliary agents can be oxidized by bacteria and the oxidation products involve acid. The acid required for dissolving alkaline gangue during bacterial leaching is produced, and acid equilibrium is reached during the ore bio-leaching. The recovery of copper reaches more than 95%.

Catalytic effect of activated carbon on bioleaching of low-grade primary copper sulfide ores

The catalytic effect of activated carbon on the bioleaching of low-grade primary copper sulfide ores using mixture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans was investigated. The results show that the addition of activated carbon can greatly accelerate the rate and efficiency of copper dissolution from low-grade primary copper sulfide ores. The solution with the concentration of 3.0 g/L activated carbon is most beneficial to the dissolution of copper. The resting time of the mixture of activated carbon and ores has an impact on the bioleaching of low-grade primary copper sulfide ores. The 2 d resting time is most favorable to the dissolution of copper. The enhanced dissolution rate and efficiency of copper can be attributed to the galvanic interaction between activated carbon and chalcopyrite. The addition of activated carbon obviously depresses the dissolution of iron and the bacterial oxidation of ferrous ions in solution. The lower redox potentials are more favorable to the copper dissolution than the higher potentials for low-grade primary copper sulfide ores in the presence of activated carbon.

Intelligent prediction model of matte grade in copper flash smelting process

Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance.

Grade and Tonnage Model of Contact Metasomatic Copper Deposit in China

Grade-tonnage model is one of the research frontiers of systematical exploration theory. Based on the “Reserve Database of Mineral Resources in China (1997)”, this paper establishes the geological model, grade model, tonnage model, grade-tonnage model and tonnage-sequence model of contact metasomatic copper deposits in China. The mathematical properties of these models are described in detail.

Estimation of Copper and Molybdenum Grades and Recoveries in the Industrial Flotation Plant Using the Artificial Neural Network

In this paper, prediction of copper and molybdenum grades and their recoveries of an industrial flotation plant are investigated using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model. Process modeling has done based on 92 datasets collected at different operational conditions and feed characteristics. The prominent parameters investigated in this network were pH, collector, frother and F-Oil concentration, size percentage of feed passing 75 microns, moisture content in feed, solid percentage, and grade of copper, molybdenum, and iron in feed. A multilayer perceptron neural network, with 10:10:10:4 structure (two hidden layers), was used to estimate metallurgical performance. To obtain the optimal hidden layers and nodes in a layer, a trial and error procedure was done. In training and testing phases, it achieved quite correlations of 0.98 and 0.93 for Copper grade, of 0.99 and 0.92 for Copper recovery, of 0.99 and 0.92 for Molybdenum grade and of 0.99 and 0.94 for Molybdenum recovery prediction, respectively. The proposed neural network model can be applied to determine the most beneficial operational conditions for the expected Copper and Molybdenum grades and their recovery in final concentration of the industrial copper flotation process.

内蒙古某铜矿选矿试验研究

内蒙古某铜矿主要含以斑铜矿、辉铜矿为主的次生硫化铜,铜平均品位2.52%。根据该铜矿石的矿石性质特点,进行了铜的原矿粗磨选别-铜粗精矿再磨再选的条件研究,通过对浮选指标各影响因素的优化,得出了适合铜矿石粗选及精选的最佳工艺条件,原矿磨矿细度-0.074 mm、70%的条件下,活化剂Na_(2)CO_(3)+Na_(2)S用量分别为1 000 g/t和300 g/t,组合捕收剂丁基黄药和酯-112分别为150 g/t和110 g/t。再经一次粗选、一次扫选获得铜尾矿,粗选铜精矿再磨后再经三次精选,中矿顺序返回处理后,最终可获得铜品位为25.74%的铜精矿,且铜的回收率达到了87.30%。

不同粒级铜尾矿对CaO-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)微晶玻璃析晶性能的影响

采用不同粒级铜尾矿通过熔融法制备CaO-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(CMAS)微晶玻璃,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)等测试方法分析了不同细度的铜尾矿对微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响,并借助JMA方程拟合了不同粒级铜尾矿微晶玻璃的析晶动力学行为。研究表明,不同粒级组成的铜尾矿中含铁矿物的种类和价态影响微晶玻璃的析晶行为。铜尾矿中的铁氧化物来源于原生矿物,如菱铁矿、硫铁矿、磁铁矿等含铁矿物多为Fe^(2+),不具备成核诱导作用且促进了玻璃体和中间体的形成,而外加氧化铁为Fe^(3+),具有较好的成核诱导作用并促进了高铁辉石晶相的析出,从而提高了微晶玻璃的各项性能。

提升某高硫低铜品位铜硫矿铜浮选回收指标试验研究

安徽铜陵某铜硫矿浮选厂处理的原矿含铜0.34%,其中硫化铜占近93%,含硫31.26%,属于高硫低铜硫化矿。选厂铜回收率长期维持在82%~84%,明显低于原矿中硫化铜理论回收率。为提升该矿石中铜的回收,开展磨矿细度优化以及复合酯类捕收剂强化铜浮选的试验研究。结果表明,在磨矿细度-74μm占75%,使用复合酯类捕收剂的条件下,小型闭路试验获得铜精矿铜品位为16.43%,铜回收率达到94.07%的指标,较现场指标分别提高1个和9个百分点;通过对小试和现场产品的粒级组成深入分析,得出现场磨矿细度不足,磨矿产品粒度组成不均匀是造成铜损失在尾矿的关键原因。同时,小试结果证明使用新型复合酯类捕收剂可强化微细粒铜矿物的回收。为选厂在实际生产中提升指标提供了科学的方向和依据。

云南某低品位斑岩型铜矿浮选回收试验研究

云南某大型斑岩型铜矿铜品位0.32%,伴生有钼,具有综合回收价值。采用一次粗选、两次精选、两次扫选工艺流程综合回收矿石中的铜和钼等金属。系统研究工艺参数条件如原矿磨矿细度、粗精矿再磨细度、捕收剂、抑制剂、起泡剂种类及用量等对铜回收的影响,并考察伴生金属钼、金和银的回收情况。结果表明,捕收剂PL307和起泡剂HCLL对铜浮选回收效果好,在原矿磨矿细度-0.075mm占比65%、粗精矿再磨细度-0.045mm占比90%、捕收剂PL-307用量120g/t、抑制剂石灰用量300g/t、起泡剂HCLL用量20g/t的最佳参数条件下,经过闭路试验可获得产率1.23%、铜品位22.84%、铜回收率87.79%的选矿指标,铜精矿产品含钼0.398%、金4.33g/t、银62.50g/,其中钼回收率为71.99%、金回收率为66.57%、银回收率为14.48%,伴生金属钼和金也得到了较好的回收,选别指标好。

某高硫低品位铜矿浮选试验研究

安徽某高硫低品位铜矿硫品位41.30%、铜品位0.53%,易氧化,选矿指标不稳定。为了改善铜硫分离效果,研究了磨矿细度、药剂种类和药剂用量等对浮选指标的影响。结果表明,磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占83.88%,采用一粗二精二扫闭路浮选流程,以CaO+Na_(2)S为组合抑制剂、Z-200为捕收剂、2#油为起泡剂,获得了铜品位15.27%、回收率80.96%的技术指标。试验结果可为高硫低品位铜矿浮选回收铜提供参考。

某高硫难选铜钼矿浮选工艺优化及工业应用研究

某铜钼矿原矿铜品位0.45%,钼品位0.015%,硫品位2.47%,含金0.12 g/t,是典型的斑岩型铜钼矿。因长期暴露而氧化率逐渐升高,导致目的矿物可浮性变差。原有药剂制度及工艺条件对其适应性较差,生产指标不理想。针对该难选矿石开展了实验室工艺优化试验研究,制定了"铜钼快速浮选-铜硫混合浮选再分离"的工艺流程,工业试验结果相比优化前铜回收率提高了0.60个百分点,钼回收率提高了5.33个百分点。

广东某硫化铜矿石工艺矿物学及分选工艺研究

为了提高广东某低品位硫化铜多金属矿中铜以及共伴生硫、铁的资源利用率,采用化学多元素分析、矿物自动分析仪等手段进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究。结果表明,矿石中Cu、S、Fe的含量分别为0.50%,27.68%,34.07%。黄铜矿为铜的主要赋存矿物,其他含铜矿物有铜蓝、辉铜矿等。针对铜硫分离困难的问题,提出采用半自磨—球磨—铜浮选—磁黄铁矿磁选—硫浮选的流程,可以获得铜精矿铜品位为16%,回收率为70%,磁选后磁黄铁矿精矿硫品位为30%,回收率为36%,硫精矿硫品位为40%,回收率为45%的结果,获得了较好的铜硫分离效果。

国外某低铜锌高硫复杂金银矿选冶综合回收试验研究

针对国外某金银矿中黄铁矿含量高、铜锌品位低(Cu 0.11%、Zn 0.22%)、部分金以硫化矿粒间金及裂隙金赋存,银矿物种类多而杂的特点,采用“尼尔森重选-铜优先浮选-全硫混浮抛尾-全硫精矿细磨浸出-氰化尾渣选锌”的选冶联合新工艺,实现了该矿中金、银矿物的绿色分类快速提取和伴生低品位铜、锌矿物的高效综合回收。选冶全流程试验获得总回收率:Au 91.0%、Ag 77.3%、Cu 77.5%、Zn 63.2%,其中重选金银精矿含Au 41523.71 g/t、Ag 13763.36 g/t,铜精矿中含Au 400.8 g/t、Ag 5429.00 g/t、Cu 21.19%,锌精矿中含Zn 35.14%,全硫混浮尾矿(抛废)产率为74.6%。

选铜尾矿水力分级分选提纯试验研究

选铜尾矿仍会残留部分铜矿物,分级分选可以提高资源利用率,减少环境风险。试验采用水力旋流器及流化床分选机,再次回收和富集选铜尾矿中的铜矿物。试验结果显示,两种设备均可以有效富集选铜尾矿中的铜矿物,水力旋流器的分级效果更优,而流化床分选机可以获得更低的底流产率、更低的溢流铜品位和更高的底流铜品位,其对铜矿物的分选效果更优。

碎矿、浓细度在线检测、智能加球、铜品位检测等智能选矿设备的研发

本文主要就选矿过程如何建立智能在线检测进行梳理,确定检测工序点,对各个检测点用什么设备来检测,检测设备的工作原理和结构,工作流程进行详细论述,通过对碎矿的筛分检测和矿浆的浓细度检测、智能加球机的应用、矿品位检测可以实现对球磨机工艺参数的调节,准确控制,保证了工艺参数控制的稳定。

低品位氧化铜原矿槽浸提铜工艺试验研究

试验采用原矿二级破碎-浓酸熟化-槽浸的流程,原矿破碎至粒径为5~10 mm后进行浓硫酸熟化,将熟化矿样直接用于浸出试验,在初始H_(2)SO_(4)浓度为100 g/L,液固比为1.5∶1,常温的条件下浸出24 h,Cu浸出率达到90%,浸出渣经水洗后洗液返回槽浸工序循环使用,Cu浸出率达到93%以上。槽浸浸出液即为CuSO_(4)溶液,可通过常规萃取-电解工艺得到最终产品阴极铜。试验结果表明:采用此工艺流程处理低品位氧化铜矿,Cu回收率达到93%以上。

黑龙江某低品位难选铜钼矿的综合利用

随着易选矿石日渐匮乏,难选矿石的开发利用亟待解决。黑龙江某钼矿企业所属矿区存有难选矿石,该矿石具有氧化率高、钼品位低、嵌布粒度不均匀、铜钼难分离等特点,多年来一直未能开采利用,造成了资源的极大浪费。该区域矿石中平均含钼0.033%、含铜0.014%,钼矿物主要以辉钼矿形式存在,嵌布粒度在0.01~0.50 mm,钼氧化率为18.89%。铜矿物主要以黄铜矿形式存在,嵌布粒度在0.005~0.15 mm。黄铜矿可浮性极好,采用常规抑制剂极难抑制,给钼精选作业带来难度。根据钼矿物嵌布不均匀、铜矿物粒度偏细的特点,制定了“粗磨粗选+细磨精选”的工艺流程;针对黄铜矿可浮性好、难抑制的特点,重点考察了多种铜抑制剂对含铜矿物的抑制效果。研究发现,主要成分为羟基化黄原酸盐的新型药剂HL120,具有亲水、亲固基团,更容易吸附在黄铜矿表面,能够更加有效地抑制黄铜矿。在钼精选阶段采用HL120强化黄铜矿的抑制,最终获得了钼精选含Mo 48.87%、含铜0.26%、钼回收率82.43%的较好指标。对钼精选尾矿进行再选,获得了含Cu 16.88%、作业回收率为81.27%、原矿回收率47.66%的铜精矿指标。该低品位难选矿石得到了有效利用,企业的经济效益明显提升。