Macrostructure and properties of thin walled copper tubes prepared by the downward continuous unidirectional solidification method

The macrostructure and properties of the thin walled copper tube prepared by the downward continuous unidirectional solidification （DCUS） method were studied. The result shows that the macrostructure is closely related to the solid-liquid interface profile, which is influenced by the distance between the cooling water location and the solidification front. The mechanical properties of the thin walled copper tube prepared by the DCUS method are near those of the normal cast copper, and it has good relative density, electrical conductivity, and elongation, which are not greatly affected by casting speed. The thin walled copper tube prepared by the DCUS method also has good processing properties that can be taken to further drawing procedures directly without an intermediate process, and obtains good mechanical properties with the total processing rate of 89.8%.

Microstructure and properties of TP2 copper tube with La microalloying by horizontal continuous casting

The TP2 copper tube was prepared with La microalloying by horizontal continuous casting(HCC). The absorptivity of La and its effects on microstructure, tensile and corrosion properties of HCC TP2 copper tube were studied by means of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results show that the absorptivity of La in the HCC TP2 copper tube is about 15% under antivacuum conditions due to the good chemical activities of La. The impurity elements in copper tube such as O, S, Pb and Si can be significantly reduced, and the average columnar dendrite spacing of the copper tube can also be reduced from 2.21 mm to 0.93 mm by adding La. The ultimate tensile strength and the elongation with and without La addition are almost unchanged. However, the annual corrosion rate of the HCC TP2 copper tube is reduced from 10.18 mm·a^(-1) to 9.37 mm·a^(-1) by the purification effect of trace La.

Localized Corrosion in Copper Tubes by Volatile Organic Substance

An unusual form of localized corrsion in copper tubes was detected early in service and in leakage tests after manufacturing.The morphology of this corrosion is similar to that of an ant's nest when viewed in cross section. The corrosion mechanisms, cases ofant's nest corrosion, and preventive measures are presented.

Simple Measurement of Carbon Films on Copper Tubes and Their Effects on Corrosion

It has been reported that pitting corrosion in copper tubes occurs due to the effect of a carbon film produced by the influence of undergoing an oil and heat treatment. As a quantitative method for determining the residual carbon amount, it has been reported that the inner surface of a copper tube can be dissolved with a mixed acid to collect and analyze the adhering carbon;however, this method is dangerous and difficult. Therefore, two methods were examined as a simple quantitative method for obtaining the residual carbon amount using copper tubes with known residual carbon amounts. One method utilizes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the other method utilizes the potential difference between the carbon film-adhered surface and carbon film-removed surface. In regard to XPS measurement, a linear correlation was found between the spectral intensity of C and the residual carbon amount;therefore, XPS measurements were considered to be effective as a simple measurement method for the carbon film on the inner surface of a copper tube. In the evaluation method by measuring the corrosion potential, a correlation was observed between the potential difference ΔE and the residual carbon amount of the inner surface of the tube and the outer surface of the polished tube. It is considered possible to estimate the residual carbon amount from the prepared calibration curve. Through these studies, it is suggested that the carbon film was non-uniformly present on the surface of the copper tube. Therefore, the galvanic current was measured, and the effect of a non-uniform carbon film on corrosion behavior was investigated. As a result, in the measurement of galvanic current, the current flowed from the copper tube with a large amount of residual carbon (cathode) to the copper tube with a small amount of residual carbon (anode). In addition, the higher the area ratio of the carbon film was, the larger the galvanic current tended to be.

A Study of Water Treatment Chemical Effects on Type I” Pitting Corrosion of Copper Tubes

It is known that one of the causes of pitting corrosion of copper tubes is residual carbon on the inner surface. It was confirmed that type I” pitting corrosion of the copper tube is suppressed by keeping the residual carbon amount at 2 mg/m2 or less, which is lower than that of the type I’ pitting corrosion, or by removing the fine particles that are the corrosion product of galvanized steel pipes. The developed water treatment chemical was evaluated using three types of copper tubes with residual carbon amounts of 0 mg/m2, 0.5 mg/m2, and 6.1 mg/m2. The evaluation was conducted for three months in an open-circulation cooling water system and compared with the current water treatment chemical. Under the current water treatment chemical conditions, only the copper tube with a residual carbon amount of 6.1 mg/m2 showed a significant increase in the natural corrosion potential after two weeks, and pitting corrosion occurred. No pitting corrosion and no increase in the natural corrosion potential were observed in any of the copper tubes that were treated with the developed water treatment chemical. In addition, the polarization curve was measured using the cooling water from this field test, and the anodic polarization of two cooling waters was compared. For copper tubes with a large amount of residual carbon, the current density near 0 mV vs. Ag/AgCl electrode (SSE) increased when the developed water treatment chemical was added.

Compound forming technology of outside 3D integral fin of copper tubes

Using rolling-ploughing-extrusion compound processing methods,a 3D integral-fin structure on outside surface of red copper tube with diameter of 16.0 mm and wall thickness of 1.5 mm was obtained. When both rolling depth and ploughing-extrusion(P-E) depth were 0.2 mm,rotating speed was 50 r/min,feed speed was 0.16 mm/r,3D fin structures with height of 0.25 mm were gotten. Two different fin structures were obtained in grooves formed with rolling-ploughing-extrusion compound forming technology and observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). One is the compound structure with V-shaped groove and U-shaped groove,and the other is the single structure with V-shaped grooves. Two kinds of groove structures obtained by rolling processing and ploughing extrusion processing are restricted together by groove interval and rolling depth,and pitch and P-E depth,respectively. Based on the analysis of interaction of rolling and P-E processing,it is found from the result that the outside 3D integral-fin can be achieved by rolling-ploughing-extrusion compound processing when single V-shaped groove structures are formed by both rolling and P-E processing.

Evolution of Annealing Twins and Recrystallization Texture in Thin-Walled Copper Tube During Heat Treatment

Thin-walled copper tubes are usually produced by multi-pass float-plug drawing deformation.In general,the annealing treatment subsequently is necessary to release the stored energy and adjusts the microstructure.In this study,an investigation on the evolution of annealing twins as well as textures in the thin-walled(Φ6 mm×0.3 mm)copper tube underwent holding time-free heat treatment was reported.Electron backscattered diffraction analysis reveals that a large number ofΣ3 boundaries(600<111>twin relationship)are produced at the early stage of heat treatment,which is due to the lower boundary energy.With the recrystallization proceeding,the migration rate of grain boundaries decreases on account of the grain growth;meanwhile,the uniqueΣ9 boundaries(38.9°<110>relationship)are formed due to the interaction of theΣ3 boundaries.As a result,the number fractions ofΣ3 boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries decrease rapidly.During the grain growth stage,a strong recrystallization texture was formed due to the fact that the grains of Goss orientation have a growth advantage over the others.As a result,the initial copper texture was transferred into the Goss texture in domination.

Copper tube of Hailiang Co.,Ltd Will Utter the World's “Loudest Voice”

On September 20,the Sixth Board of Directors of Zhejiang Hailiang Co.,Ltd convened third meeting,which reviewed and approved the'Proposal on Accelerating Implementation of Industrial Upgrading,Expanding Production Scale,Optimizing Production Layout,in Order to Meet the Strategic Target of Becoming the World’s Most Powerful Copper Tube Manufacturer at the Earliest Possible Time'.

Golden Dragon to Launch a RMB 300 Million Copper Trading Project After Settling Its 80,000-Ton Precise Copper Tube Project In Wanzhou

On the morning of April 19,Golden Dragon Precise Copper Tube Group Inc.held a groundbreaking ceremony for its 80,000-ton precise copper tube project in the Wenzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone.It’s learned that Golden Dragon Group’s Wanzhou precision copper tube project

Fin formation model during pre-roll ploughing of copper 3D outside fin tube

The mechanism of pre roll ploughing for 3D fins on the outside surface of copper tube was studied systematically, and especially the process and conditions of 3D fin formation were analyzed. The right mathematical model was also established. Based on the volume of fin ploughed out is equal to the volume of the metal extruded up by the extruding face of the tool, the relations between fin height, pre roll ploughing feed and pre roll ploughing depth have been achieved. With the increase of pre roll ploughing depth which must be equal to groove depth, the fin height gradually becomes larger. There are different critical feeds with the various depths of pre roll ploughing. The pre roll ploughing feed is the critical one, the height of fin is largest. And when the feed is above the critical one, the fin height will reduce with the increase of feed. The theoretical analysis basically accords with experimental results.

基于有限元模拟的水平连铸TP2铜管坯一次冷却结构优化研究

对比多种结晶器结构下温度场、速度场等分布状态及石墨模具内部温度变化趋势,探究其对铜套、石墨模具等易损件及铜管铸坯温度变化的影响。结果表明,在一次冷却结构增设12道Φ10 mm且倾斜角度为30°的流槽,可使冷却水流态平稳均衡,铜套受热均匀,有利于铸坯周向同时凝固。本文通过有限元软件模拟铜管水平连铸过程一次冷却结构优化对温度的影响,为生产企业改善产线冷却效果,提高产品质量,降低模具成本和延长使用寿命,提供了实验参照和理论指导。

换热器T2紫铜管在水线部位的腐蚀机理研究

目的基于对换热器中T2紫铜管因受残留水作用而出现泄漏降压现象的研究,分析换热器T2紫铜管在水线部位的腐蚀机理。方法通过T2紫铜管的润湿试验,对腐蚀样品进行宏观和微观形貌观察,对点蚀坑部位的腐蚀产物进行EDS和XPS等表征手段分析,探究腐蚀产物的成分和结构,从而推导出反应机理。结果铜管水线上部位和下部位都以均匀腐蚀为主,但是颜色有所差异。水线部位以点蚀为主,肉眼即可见排成直线的斑点状腐蚀坑,腐蚀产物的颜色主要为黑色和绿色。根据表征分析结果可知,腐蚀体系中含有HCO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)。腐蚀产物的组成有,内层Cu_(2)O,外层CuO,水线部位和水线以下部位铜管表面还有一层CuCO_(3)Cu(OH)_(2)膜。结论根据腐蚀产物的元素分析可知,在HCO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)共同存在的环境中,铜具有很高的点蚀敏感性,T2紫铜管很容易发生局部腐蚀,加之氧浓差电池的作用,水线部位铜管发生严重的点蚀以致穿孔失效。

TP2铜管精整工序喷墨质量不良原因分析及改进措施初探

在精密铜管精整复绕工序中,涡流探伤装置检测到伤点后会向喷墨装置发送信号,以对铜管表面缺陷进行喷墨标记,但是该过程普遍存在喷墨不良,严重影响了对缺陷的判断。本文介绍了TP2铜管生产线中涡流探伤仪器的工作原理,对原有的涡流探伤仪器、喷墨装置以及喷枪结构进行调研,分析了原有喷墨装置喷墨时存在的漏墨和拖墨问题,探讨了等离子技术与激光刻蚀技术作为喷墨技术替代方案的可能性。文献调研、现有技术分析及其他替代试验的结果表明,采用等离子体表面处理技术对已喷墨铜管进行处理后,可以一定程度地改善铜管拖墨的问题;采用功率为300 W的激光对铜管表面进行刻蚀处理,激光头速度分别为80 mm/s和200 mm/s时,对铜管表面刻蚀呈现出的不同效果,均能够进行缺陷的有效标识。因此,铜管表面激光刻蚀技术可以作为喷墨技术的替代方案。

铜管坯水平连铸水冷调控与实验分析

为实现传统铜管坯水平连铸水冷控制系统在线自动化精准控制,提高生产质量与精度,改善管坯组织性能,对现有铜管坯水平连铸一冷水控制进行分析。采用程序设计和物理实验验证的方法,开展了基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)闭环策略下石墨结晶器冷却水量自动控制的相关研究。实验结果表明,基于闭环控制逻辑的自动水冷控制系统可以将流量波动控制在±0.5 L/min范围内,离散系数为2.68×10^(-3),明显小于传统水冷控制系统,铜管坯水平连铸一次冷却水闭环控制系统可以实现连铸过程的精确控制。

铜管在羧酸环境下的腐蚀行为和腐蚀机理研究

铜管是空调及制冷行业用热交换器的核心部件,在服役过程中常由于蚁穴腐蚀导致设备提前失效。本文采用蒸气腐蚀、电化学腐蚀方法研究了铜管在羧酸环境下的腐蚀行为,通过金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)观察和分析了表面腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物的结构,通过接触角测量仪研究了羧酸与铜管的界面行为。结果表明,与CH_(3)COOH蒸气腐蚀相比,铜管在HCOOH蒸气环境下的腐蚀速度慢,腐蚀产物更致密。在HCOOH蒸气环境下,铜管容易出现蚁穴腐蚀。铜管表面的腐蚀产物主要由羧酸铜和氧化亚铜组成。蚁穴腐蚀属于电化学腐蚀,腐蚀机理复杂。腐蚀初期,表面氧化膜被聚集在铜管表面的羧酸溶解,暴露的铜基体作为微观阳极,之后,腐蚀坑内产生的微裂纹的尖端作为微观阳极,使腐蚀加速,直至贯穿管壁。

某油冷却器换热管泄漏原因

某公司生产的油冷却器换热管在投入使用9~12个月后发生腐蚀泄漏现象。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜和能谱分析、原子吸收光谱分析等方法分析了管道腐蚀泄漏的原因。结果表明:油冷却器换热管介质中的氯离子和硫离子在管内壁积垢中沉积并富集在管壁基体前沿,导致内壁产生大量点腐蚀,点腐蚀位置与未腐蚀位置形成大阴极小阳极腐蚀电池,增大了腐蚀速率,在管内介质的冲刷作用下,点腐蚀坑进一步扩大,最终导致管道泄漏。

Cold welding sealing of copper-water micro heat pipe ends

The quality of micro heat pipe(MHP) is strongly affected by sealing technology. Based on the analysis of requirements of sealing technology, a cold welding technology was presented to seal MHP. In the cold welding process, compression force was used to flatten micro groove copper(MGC) tube. Then the bonding of MGC tube was reached because of intensively plastic deformation of MGC tube under pressure. It is found that the plastic deformation area of the cold welding of MGC tube can be divided into three sections. The deformation of micro grooves in each section was investigated; the influence of the dimensions of cylindrical heads on the weld joint shape and strength was studied; and a comparison between smooth copper tube and MGC tube was done. The results show that a groove compression stage exists in the cold welding of MGC tube besides a flattened stage and a melting stage.

Liquid-solid interface control of BFe10-1-1 cupronickel alloy tubes during HCCM horizontal continuous casting and its effect on the microstructure and properties

Based on horizontal continuous casting with a heating-cooling combined mold （HCCM） technology, this article investigated the effects of processing parameters on the liquid-solid interface （LSI） position and the influence of LSI position on the surface quality, microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of a BFe10-1-1 tube （φ50 mm × 5 mm）. HCCM efficiently improves the temperature gradient in front of the LSI. Through controlling the LSI position, the radial columnar-grained microstructure that is commonly generated by cooling mold casting can be eliminated, and the axial columnar-grained microstructure can be obtained. Under the condition of 1250℃ melting and holding temperature, 1200-1250℃ mold heating temperature, 50-80 mm/min mean drawing speed, and 500-700 L/h cooling water flow rate, the LSI position is located at the middle of the transition zone or near the entrance of the cooling section, and the as-cast tube not only has a strong axial columnar-grained microstructure （{hkl}〈621〉, {hkl}〈221〉） due to strong axial heating conduction during solidification but also has smooth internal and external surfaces without cracks, scratches, and other macroscopic defects due to short solidified shell length and short contact length between the tube and the mold at high temperature. The elongation and tensile strength of the tube are 46.0%-47.2% and 210-221 MPa, respectively, which can be directly used for the subsequent cold-large-strain processing.

Segmented tubular synthesis of monodispersed microsized copper oxalate

Monodispersed microsized copper oxalate particles were prepared in a segmented continuous flow tube reactor, and the effect of the main parameters such as organic additive agent, initial copper ions concentration, residence time, and segmented media on the final products were investigated experimentally. The obtained copper oxalate microsized particles were disc-like in the presence of citrate ligand,which was the shape inducer for the precipitated copper oxalate. Thermodynamic equilibrium diagrams of the Cu(Ⅱ)-oxalate-H_2O,Cu(Ⅱ)-oxalate-citrate-H_2O, and Cu(Ⅱ)-oxalate-EDTA-H_2O solution systems were drawn to estimate the possible copper species under the experimental conditions and to explain the formation mechanisms of copper oxalate particles in the segmented fluidic reactor. Both theoretical and experimental results indicated that the presence of chelating reagents such as citrate and EDTA had distinct effect on the evolution of particle shape. Air and kerosene were tested as media for the fluidic flow segmentation, and the latter was verified to better promote the growth of copper oxalate particles. The present study provides an easy method to prepare monodispersed copper oxalate microsized particles in a continuous scaling-up way, which can be utilized to prepare the precursor material for conductive inks.