Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR非特异性扩增的研究进展

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)因其高效快速、操作简便、高度敏感等优点获得广泛应用,但因其强大的放大功能而容易出现非特异性扩增的问题,尤其是荧光染料法中更加明显。文章对RT-qPCR的原理、非特异性扩增的发生因素、解决方案及该技术的应用前景进行了综述。

Application of Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR in Plant

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR （RQ-PCR） is a detection method by adding fluorescent dye or fluorescent probe into the PCR reaction system, using fluorescent signal accumulation to monitor amplification reactions of PCR reaction process, and finally the unknown template can be quantitatively analyzed through the standard curve. So the detection level of PCR has improved from the qualitative to the quantitative. In order to provide a theoretical reference for further application, the principle, classification, advantages and disadvantages of RQ-PCR were intro- duced, and its application and progress in plants in recent years were reviewed.

Determining the Copy Number of Exogenous Gene in Transgenic Plant by SYBR Green Real-time Quantitative PCR

[Objective] To explore the feasibility of using SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR technique to estimate the copy numbers of exogenous gene in a transgenic plant.[Methods] Using SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR technique,we have determined the copy numbers of the exogenous CYCD3;1 in transgenic Arabidopsis by comparing an endogenous single copy reference gene with CYCD3;1 copy numbers in transgenic plant,meanwhile comparing CYCD3;1 copy numbers between wild plant and transgenic plant.[Results]The exogenous CYCD3;1 copy numbers calculated by this method is identical with results of traditional Southern blot analysis which is highly accurate.[Conclusion]This method is simple,effective and safe for estimating transgene copy numbers.

Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Fermented Material by Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR

The species distinctive PCR primer of Lactobacillus acidophilus （ L. acidophilus） was designed according to 16S rRNA gene sequences of conunon Lac- tobacillus species in fermented material. Bacterial genome DNA of separated L. acidophilus in fermented sample was taken as template, and L. acidophilus in fer- mented material was conducted the quantitative determination by real-time quantitative PCR （RT-PCR）. Analysis on RT-PCR results shown that contents of L. aci- dophilus in the test sample reached 1.5 billion CFU / g. Test results shown that contents of L. acidophilus in fermented material could be detected accurately by the established RT-PCR method in the test. indicating that the established RT-PCR method could be aookued to the detection of L. acidophilus in fermented material.

Application of Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR in Studies on Plants

Real-Lime fluorescent quantitative PCR is a method for quantitative analysis of gene expression developed in recent years, which has been widely used in various fields such as basic scientific research, clinical diagnosis, disease study, drug research and development since its appearance. It starts relatively late in study on plants, but has already been used for analysis of gene expression in plants and gene identification of exogenous genes. The principles or advantages and dis- advantages of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, or its potential problems and condition optimizations in tests were introduced in this study, and then the appli- cation and prospect of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in study on plants were also been discussed.

Establishment of Real-Time Quantitative PCR Method for the Determination of Transposon Copy Number in Cronobacter sakazakii

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a Real-Time quantitative PCR method for the determination of transposon copy number in C. sakazakii. [ Method ] With single-copy housekeeping gene atpD as the reference gene, recombinant plasmid containing both single-copy housekeeping gene atpD and EZ-TN5 transposon was constructed; based on the established standard curves for real-time quantitative detection of atpD gene and EZ-TN5 transposon, copy number of atpD gene and EZ-TN5 transpason in three C. sakazakii mutants was detected and the ratio was calculated. [ Result] Correlation coefficients of the standard curves for real-time quantitative detection of atpD gene and EZ-TN5 transposon were 0. 999 and 0.998, respectively ; the ratios of copy number of atpD gene and EZ-TN5 transposon in three C. sakazakii mutants were 0.98, 1.17 and 0.91, respectively, which indicates that EZ-TN5 transpeson in C. sakakii mutants is a single-copy. [ Conclusion] Real-time quantitative PCR method established in this study had high availability and could replace the Southern blot method to detect the copy num- ber of EZ-TN5 transposon in different bacteria.

Establishment of a Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Genetically Modified Maize Line MON88017

In order to improve the standardized technical systems of quantitative analyses for genetically modified organisms （GMOs） and products, ensure bio-safety and reduce ecological risk in China, a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was established for detection of genetically modified maize line MON88017. The established method was evaluated based on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and measurement uncertainty. The results showed that the established method had strong specificity in detection of genetically modified maize line MON88017. 1.50% MON88017 sample was detected with 29 replica- tions. The average measured value （ 1. 541% ） was close to the actual value （ 1.50% ） and the relative deviation was 2.70%. The variation coefficient of the measured value was 0.110 g ; the recovery was 100.00% and the measurement uncertainty was 0. 096. The limit of detection for genetically modified maize line MON88017 with the established method was 5 copies at the 97.5% confidence level. Thus, the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay established in this study exhibited high specificity, accuracy and sensitivity, which could provide technical support for the safety supervision of genetically modified organ- isms and products in China.

Detection of Ratoon Stunting Disease in Virus-free Seedcane via Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR

This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from six plants of sugarcane ROC22, which had been confirmed RSD-positive by detecting the sugarcane juice, by employing the sugarcane seedlings production protocol. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect RSD pathogens in tissue culture sam- pies. The results showed that target fragment of RSD pathogens was not found in all 10 samples in real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, with the Ct values of 37 - 39. The healthy tissue culture sugarcane seedlings do not carry RSD pathogens, indicating that adopting healthy seedcane seedlings production technique could thoroughly get rid of RSD pathogens.

Development and Preliminary Application of SYBR Green I Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Method for Detecting Porcine Parvovirus Virus

According to VP2 gene sequence of the porcine parvovirus virus strain NADL-2 （NC001718） available in GenBank （NC_001718）, a pair of specific primer was designed, and the target fragment of 431 bp was obtained by PCR amplification. The products were ligated with pMD18- T vector and then transformed into bacteria DH5α for recombinant plasmid extraction. After PCR identification and sequencing, recombinant plasmid was used as a standard template to establish the standard curve of SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR. Sensitivity test, specificity test and repeatability test were also determined. The results indicated that there was a good linear relationship between threshold cycle of the standard curve and template concentration, R2 =0.997 6. Tm ranged from 82.3 to 82.9 ℃, while the sensitivity was 72.1 copies/μl with good specificity and repeatability. The developed SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR method to detect PPV VP2 gene laid the basis for further studies on patho- oenesis, early clinical diaonosis of this virus and quantitative analysis of PPV infection.

Primary application of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the detection of human breast cancer related novel gene-Metadherin expression

Objective:The aim of this study was to detect the expression level of Metadherin (MTDH) in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and to explore the relationship between expression of Metadherin gene in the patients peripheral blood and the clinic-pathological features in breast cancer. Methods:Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the expression level of Metadherin gene in 80 peripheral blood samples of breast cancer patients and healthy donors. Results:The expression of Metadherin gene in breast cancer patients peripheral blood were positive,in which 34 breast cancer patients were highly expressed,accounting for 55.7%,while the expression of Metadherin gene in normal females peripheral blood were negative,there was statistical significance (Ratio = 2.02±0.81,P < 0.05); Ratio of the Metadherin expression in breast cancer patients peripheral blood and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression was 1.15 ± 0.36. REST software analysis showed that the expression of Metadherin gene was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer. Conclusion:The SYBR Green I quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method can successfully detect the expression level of Metadherin gene. Expression level of Metadherin gene in breast cancer patients peripheral blood is closely related to survival,and it maybe involved in the development of breast cancer and used as an indicator of prognosis.

Confusing finding of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction analysis in invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction(QF-PCR)is a rapid prenatal diagnostic method for abnormalities on chromosomes 21,18,and 13 and sex chromosomal aneuploidy.However,the value of QF-PCR in diagnosing chromosomal structural abnormalities is limited.In this article,we report a confusing QF-PCR finding in a pregnant woman who underwent amniocentesis.CASE SUMMARY The short tandem repeat marker AMXY(Xp22.2/Yp11.2)located on the sex chromosome exhibited a trisomic biallelic pattern,indicating that the karyotype of the fetus might be 47,XYY.Chromosome analysis performed on cultured amniocytes showed a normal male karyotype of the fetus.Copy number variation sequencing confirmed a 500 kb duplication at Yp11.2-Yp11.2(chrY:6610001_7110000)and a 250 kb duplication at Yp11.2-Yp11.2(chrY:7110001_7360000).CONCLUSION In conclusion,the comprehensive application of different methods could achieve a higher detection rate and accuracy for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders through chromosomal testing.

Development of real-time PCR method for rapid detection and quantification of Heterosigma akashiwo

To rapidly detect the harmful algae H.akashiwo qualitatively and quantitatively, sequences of the 18S rDNA deduced from H.akashiwo were used for designing species-specific primers, and a RFQ-PCR (Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) method was developed for quantitative detection of H.akashiwo. Primer H.akashiwo and TaqMan probe were designed, and the specificity of primer was checked with PCR. A calibration curve was constructed with cycle threshold value against visual counted cell number. And the value of the curve was tested with other H.akashiwo samples, which were assayed with both the RFQ-PCR method and visual count under microscope.

Identification of chloroquine resistance Pfcrt-K76T and determination of Pfmdr1-N86Y copy number by SYBR Green I qPCR

Objective:To identify prevalence of chloroquine resistance point mutation at(Pfcrt,K76T)and(Pfindr1.N86Y) copy number variation.Methods:SYBR Green I based real time PCR was used.One hundred and thirty-three samples were analyzed for(Pfcrt,K76T) and(Pfmdr1.N86Y) copy number from dried blood spot.Parasite DNA was extracted using high pure DNA preparation kit.The amplification of DNA was done by using AccuPower 2* GreenStar '' qPCR Master mix.For quantification purpose a new primer pair was designed for 178 base pair template from complete genome sequence of Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 at NCBI.Absolute quantification method was used to determine the Pfmdr1-N86 Y copy number variations.Standard curve was built from strain3D7 gDNA since it has single copy of Pfindr1 per haploid genome.The known positive controls with single and multi-copy number of Pfindr1 gene were included in each experiment.The copy number ratio of the samples to the standard calibrator was made to obtain the fold difference among the samples with respect to copy number variation.Results:Out of 133 samples 73(54.89%) were confirmed as mutant(Pfcrt,76T) and the remaining 60(45.11%) were genotyped as wild type(Pfcrt,K76).The(Pfindr1.N86Y) copy number variation was determined for 133 clinical samples.Out of these samples 61(45.86%)had single copy and the remaining 72(54.14%) had multi-copy numbers higher than 1.5 copies per genome.Thirty-four(25.56%) multi-copies were between 1.5 and 2.5 copies per genome while 38(28.57%) were more than 2.5 copies per genome.The minimum and maximum copies per genome were 0.474 and 4.741.respectively.Conclusions:The study showed high prevalence level and fixation of Pfcrt.76 T mutation after chloroquine withdrawal.The prevalence of Pfindr1 copy number variant suggested that the presence of modulating factor for emergence of Plasmodium falciparum strains with higher copy numbers.However,the prevalence level was not statistically significant.

数字PCR和荧光定量PCR检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数方法的建立及其应用

传统的检测转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数的方法是Southern杂交,该方法成本高、周期长,难以满足高通量检测外源基因拷贝数的育种需求,因此,本研究旨在建立快速且高通量检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。本研究从番木瓜基因组中筛选出2个单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830和Cpa03g018770,以已知外源基因为单拷贝整合的转基因番木瓜为参照,利用数字PCR鉴定其拷贝数,进一步以其为内参基因,以番木瓜转基因育种常用的筛选标记基因NPTⅡ为外源目的基因,建立利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。结果表明:Cpa03g018830和Cpa03g018770均为单拷贝基因;建立的数字PCR方法对转基因番木瓜中的外源基因拷贝数的检测准确可靠,而荧光定量PCR对转基因番木瓜中外源基因单低拷贝整合的检测准确度较高,对外源基因多拷贝整合的检测准确度则较低,因此,荧光定量PCR适合用来在大量转基因植株中初筛出单低拷贝整合的植株。本研究鉴定的单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830和Cpa03g018770可作为转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数检测的内参基因,且建立的利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法,操作简单,速度快,适合批量检测,可为番木瓜转基因抗病育种中单低拷贝株系的选育提供新的方法。

Change and Signif icance of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To compare the differences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies among the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), para-neoplastic tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus, and to study the relationship between the mtDNA and the occurrence and devel- opment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The mtDNA copies of 42 specimens with the ESCC, paraneoplastic mucous tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus were determined using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The mtDNA was analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The mtDNA from all of the tissues (42/42) from the ESCC, para-neoplastic tissue and normal esophageal mucous membranes was analyzed, showing that there were an average mtDNA copy number of 27.1894×106 μg DNA, 9.4102×106 μg DNA and 5.9347×106 μg DNA, from the respective tissues. There were signifi cant differences (F=27.83, P<0.05) in mtDNA copy number among the three. A positive band was shown at 403 bp after gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, and the lane where the ESCC mtDNA located was rather bright, which was in accordance with the result of the real-time PCR determination. CONCLUSION An increase in the mtDNA copy number is related to the occurrence and development of ESCC.

基于数字PCR的单分子DNA定量技术研究进展

数字PCR是一项针对单分子目标DNA的绝对定量技术.该技术是将含有DNA模板的反应溶液分配到大量独立的反应室中并且发生扩增反应,通过统计反应室中的阳性信号来定量DNA的拷贝数.DNA样品在反应室中随机和独立分布是单分子成功扩增和准确定量DNA拷贝数的关键因素.本文综述了数字PCR的发展历史、数字PCR与实时荧光定量PCR的区别,以及数字PCR在临床诊断、转基因成分定量、单细胞基因表达、环境微生物检测和下一代测序等方面的最新进展,并展望了该技术的应用前景.

利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测转基因水稻外源基因拷贝数的研究

转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数是影响目的基因表达水平和遗传稳定性的重要因素,因此外源基因拷贝数的检测成为转基因研究的关键.利用高通量、快速、灵敏的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量实时PCR法,检测了转大麦烟酰胺合成酶基因(NAS1)水稻中外源基因拷贝数.以蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因(SPS)作为水稻的内源参照基因,通过梯度稀释法,分别获得了NAS1和SPS基因的Ct值与起始模板数的相关性标准曲线,相关系数分别为0.99976和0.99571,相关性高.通过目的基因NAS1和水稻内源参照基因SPS起始模板数的比较,获得了目的基因在转基因水稻中的拷贝数,在8株转基因株系中,1株为假阳性,1株拷贝数为1,3株拷贝数为2,其余3株拷贝数分别为3、4和7,而阴性对照拷贝数为0.这种方法快速、简便、准确,可以满足转基因育种工作中对后代优良株系的选择.

实时荧光定量PCR技术在检测外源基因拷贝数中的应用

通过对PCR法、Southern Blot法、IPCR法与实时荧光定量法4种转基因外源基因检测方法的比较认为:PCR扩增虽十分灵敏,但有时会出现似阳性扩增,因而对外源基因是否整合还需进行验征。Southren方法准确性高,特异性强,但存在费时、费力的缺点。同时实际操作中就需要较大量的植物材料来提取DNA,而转基因植物的愈伤组织在无菌条件下经过筛选、重新分化后,一般都比较细弱,不宜大量取样。IPCR法虽可以转座突变分离基因,但当转座子作为外源基因通过农杆菌介导等方法导入植物时,由于T-DNA整合到染色体中引起插入突变并分离基因造成误差。实时定量PCR技术的特异性和高信噪比为转基因拷贝数定量提供了方便,实时定量PCR法,花费试剂少、节省劳力和时间,需要DNA样品量少,并不进行放射检测。同时对实时荧光定量PCR法计算进行了详细介绍。

利用半定量PCR方法分析中国地方猪种内源病毒序列拷贝数的多态性

研究采用PCR方法检测了我国地方猪种内源病毒的拷贝数 ,希望能够找到拷贝数低或无内源病毒的个体或品种 ,培育一个适用于异种器官移植的品种或品系。共检测了 1 1个品种、2 60个个体 ,贵州猪、五指山猪、巴马猪的内源病毒拷贝数相对较低 ,分别为 34 61± 1 9 0 9、2 9 1 9± 1 3 47和 2 7 1 1± 1 4 46 ,膜蛋白A拷贝数分别为 9 33±6 40、1 0 0 4± 6 51和 1 0 56± 5 39,膜蛋白B拷贝数分别为 2 2 1 7± 9 2 0、2 1 0 0± 1 2 53和 2 1 86± 7 2 0。其他如二花脸猪、梅山猪、沂蒙黑猪、蓝塘猪等基因拷贝数相对较高 ;近交有造成内源病毒基因的拷贝数下降的倾向 ;另外民猪和香猪中分别有一头个体含有内源病毒 2个拷贝、膜蛋白A两个拷贝、膜蛋白B一个拷贝。中国地方猪种中内源病毒的拷贝数间差异较大 ,如进行大规模检测 。

实时荧光PCR检测转基因大豆外源基因的拷贝数

快捷、准确地检测转基因植物中外源基因的拷贝数,是转基因生物育种的重要研究内容,具有较大的应用前景。本研究以7个抗虫BT（Bacillus thuringiensis）和抗草甘膦EPSPS-G10转基因大豆事件为材料,以SYBR Green I为荧光染料,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法,根据PCR反应获得的Ct值与起始模板数的对数值存在线性反比关系这一原理,建立了相关性系数在0.99以上的模板定量标线。通过目的基因与内参基因——大豆肌动蛋白编码基因ACTIN的起始模板量比较,估算出各株系的目的基因拷贝数。数据显示,株系1、2、3和4的2个基因均为单拷贝,株系6的2个基因均有2个拷贝,株系5和7的2个基因的拷贝数为3。利用Southern印迹方法对材料1～4的拷贝数进行验证,结果表明,两者的检测结果基本一致,证明实时荧光PCR检测法是大豆外源基因拷贝数检测中快速有效的方法。实时荧光PCR高效快速检测基因拷贝数,对于大规模转基因株系的外源基因拷贝数检测应用具有重大意义。