The Selection and Breeding of a Novel Microorganism Strain I and Investigation of Core Model Experiment for MEOR

This paper introduces the results of selecting and breeding a micro-organism, Strain I, and its core model experiment investigation for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Strain I was separated from the formation water of the Dagang oil field, with analytical results showing that Strain I is a gram-positive bacillus. A further study revealed that this strain has an excellent tolerance of environmental stresses: It can survive in conditions of 70℃, 30 wt% salinity and pH3.5-9.4. Strain I can metabolize biosurfactants that could increase the oil recovery ratio, use crude oil as the single carbon source, and decompose long-chain paraffin with a large molecular weight into short-chain paraffin with a small molecular weight. The core model experiment shows that Strain I enhances oil recovery well. Using 2 vol% of the fermentation solution of Strain I to displace the crude oil in the synthetic plastic bonding core could increase the recovery ratio by 21.6%.

Diversified Teaching Methods in Nursing:Using Animal Experimentation to Promote Core Professional Competencies in Basic Nursing Training

Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies. Methods： Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation. A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies, as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods. Results： Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental （nursing class 2） and control （nursing class 1） groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were 〈0.01, which indicated statistically significant results. Conclusions： Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.

Laboratory core flooding experimental systems for CO_2 geosequestration: An updated review over the past decade

Carbon dioxide(CO2) geosequestration in deep saline aquifers has been currently deemed as a preferable and practicable mitigation means for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions to the atmosphere, as deep saline aquifers can offer the greatest potential from a capacity point of view. Hence,research on core-scale CO2/brine multiphase migration processes is of great significance for precisely estimating storage efficiency, ensuring storage security, and predicting the long-term effects of the sequestered CO2in subsurface saline aquifers. This review article initially presents a brief description of the essential aspects of CO2subsurface transport and geological trapping mechanisms, and then outlines the state-of-the-art laboratory core flooding experimental apparatus that has been adopted for simulating CO2injection and migration processes in the literature over the past decade. Finally, a summary of the characteristics, components and applications of publicly reported core flooding equipment as well as major research gaps and areas in need of further study are given in relevance to laboratory-scale core flooding experiments in CO2geosequestration under reservoir conditions.

Effects of CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas on components and properties of tight oil during CO_(2) utilization and storage: Physical experiment and composition numerical simulation

An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.

变速抽水蓄能电机在发电工况不同转速下磁场和损耗研究

本文对变速抽水蓄能发电电动机的电压方程、磁链方程、电磁转矩方程和运动方程进行了推导,并建立了10MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机二维电磁场的数学方程和物理模型,对变速抽水蓄能发电电动机的电磁场数学方程进行了计算,得到了变速抽水蓄能电机在发电机工况下超同步速时定子电压和定子电流的波形,分析了变速抽水蓄能电机在发电机工况下不同转速时磁密的分布规律,研究了不同转速下定子铁芯损耗和转子铁芯损耗占总铁芯损耗比例的变化规律。搭建了10MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机样机试验测试平台,通过试验测试得到的结果与计算结果较为接近。

页岩多尺度数字岩心及其应用

构建能完备表征岩石多尺度孔隙(缝)及基质结构的数字岩心是非常规油气研究领域的科技前沿问题,也是页岩油气勘探开发的重要基础。文章综合分析了国内外在表征页岩有机孔隙簇、多尺度孔(缝)结构和代表性单元体(REV)三个方面的研究进展,在分析四川盆地海相页岩结构特征的基础之上,提出了可完备表征其孔隙(缝)和基质结构的新方法.最后,将页岩数字岩心应用到多尺度孔(缝)结构对声学特性的影响和原位地层含气量评估方面,为页岩储层评价和甜点预测提供了新的技术方法.

中小直径钻芯法在水利薄壁构件强度检测中的应用

水利薄壁构件强度检测方法多样化,钻芯取样属于常用的方法。文章结合水利工程实例,重点研究中小直径钻芯法在强度检测中的应用要点,提出钻芯方案,进行试验设计和试件加工,分析试件的破坏形态,根据实测抗压强度评价薄壁构件的强度是否达标。经研究,在评价薄壁预制构件的抗压强度时,高径比为0.71的D70H50芯样试件检测结果具有可靠性,能够较为准确地反映薄壁构件的强度,并减轻钻芯引起的薄壁构件损伤,研究内容可供同仁参考,有效做好薄壁构件强度检测工作。

岩屑核磁共振录井的适用性探讨

为了使核磁共振录井技术在油气田勘探开发中发挥更大的作用,以四川盆地致密砂岩为研究对象,探讨岩屑核磁共振录井的适用性。分析了相同层段、不同颗粒直径的岩屑核磁共振孔隙度和渗透率,建立了岩屑核磁共振孔隙度与岩心实验室测定孔隙度、岩屑核磁共振渗透率与岩心实验室测定渗透率的数学模型。研究结果表明:同一柱塞岩心样品,核磁共振孔隙度与岩心实验室测定孔隙度、核磁共振渗透率与岩心实验室测定渗透率相关系数r值分别为0.99、0.86;相同层段、不同颗粒直径的岩屑,核磁共振孔隙度与岩心实验室测定孔隙度、核磁共振渗透率与岩心实验室测定渗透率对比,随着岩屑颗粒直径变小,相关系数r值均减小,相关性变差;岩屑颗粒直径不小于3 mm时,核磁共振孔隙度与岩心实验室测定孔隙度相关系数r值均不小于0.90,核磁共振渗透率与岩心实验室测定渗透率相关系数r值均不小于0.73。这表明录井现场PDC钻头岩屑颗粒直径也能够满足核磁共振录井技术的应用。

干式空心电抗器匝间过电压绝缘检测实验虚拟仿真教学系统设计与开发

针对学生在干式空心电抗器匝间过电压绝缘检测实验教学过程中存在的危险性大、成本高、消耗高、特高压等问题,应用虚拟仿真技术,通过视景建模与仿真运行,高度还原变电站营运环境,设计和开发了干式空心电抗器匝间过电压绝缘检测实验虚拟仿真教学系统,包含实验仿真、实验考评以及实验服务。教学系统采取虚实结合的方式,推进现代信息技术融入特高压实验教学,激发学生的实验兴趣,取得了良好的教学效果,实现学生工程实践、问题分析、科学研究等能力的提升,对培养学生的创新意识和科研能力发挥重要作用。

新疆KSTH水库工程沥青心墙混凝土配合比试验研究

水利工程沥青混凝土心墙是水库坝体的关键防渗结构,水利工程沥青混凝土配合比选择是根据不同级配指数、不同填料用量和不同沥青含量依次通过正交分析组成不同配合比,考虑孔隙率、马歇尔稳定度、流值、劈裂强度、三轴、小梁弯曲等一系列性能指标,择优选择综合性能较好的配合比。结合新疆KSTH水库沥青心墙混凝土配合比试验研究,在理论设计配合比的选取、极差方差分析、混凝土性能验证等方面进行了相关试验研究,可为同类型工程建设提供借鉴和参考。

“高校实验技术”研究现状及特征分析——基于2012—2022年中文核心期刊发表论文的定性研究

该研究从中国知网期刊总库中选取2012—2022年主题包含“高校实验技术”,发表在CSSCI、CSCD来源期刊的论文366篇,采用定性内容分析法从研究主题、研究方法、所属单位及其学科、作者类别和基金资助等维度进行分析研究。研究表明,2012—2022年,“高校实验技术”研究论文焦点集中于实验技术队伍及其建设;“高校实验技术”论文发表高校分布不均、文理分布不均;“高校实验技术”论文研究方法相对单一,重案例分析,轻对比总结。建议高校实验技术人员提高自身科研能力,积极输出研究成果,在研究方法上进行创新,引用其他的社会科学研究方法,如内容分析法、知识图谱可视化等。

基于核心素养的初中生物实验教学研究

核心素养指向学生学科学习应具备的品格与关键能力。基于核心素养开展初中生物实验教学活动,有益于促进学生综合发展。文章分析了初中生物学科核心素养的内涵及其教育价值,并结合实际教学案例对初中生物实验教学策略展开研究,指出教师可通过革新教学观念、整合实验教学资源、组织实验教学活动、优化实验教学评价等方式培养学生核心素养,进而提升初中生物实验教学质量。

沥青混凝土心墙施工参数试验及应用

针对红鱼洞水库不对称高陡、高缓岸肩施工百米级沥青混凝土心墙的特点,为减少过渡料和沥青料的施工干扰等不利影响,选用一体式联合摊铺机,对过渡料和沥青混凝土的同一层不分段、一次性完成摊铺成型。通过对拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压、缝面处理等主要工序的最优施工工艺及参数总结,有效控制了沥青心墙施工质量,缩短了施工工期,节省施工成本,取得较好成效。

前沿科研成果融入应用化学专业综合实验教学——新型二氧化硅交联胶束核壳纳米粒子在药物缓释方面的应用

设计了一个新型二氧化硅交联胶束核壳纳米粒子“合成、表征、应用”进阶式的本科生化学综合实验。首先,在聚合物自组装形成胶束的过程中加入硅源,使其与二氧化硅交联形成具有水溶性外壳和脂溶性内核的核壳结构的纳米粒子,再利用脂溶性内壳装载姜黄素药物,最后对装载姜黄素纳米进行药物缓释研究。本实验可以开拓学生的科研视野、熟悉纳米材料的合成方法与应用价值、锻炼制备纳米材料的实际操作能力,为学生以后从事科学研究和实际应用打下良好的基础。

川中古隆起北斜坡岩溶储层岩电分析及气层识别

四川盆地川中古隆起北斜坡震旦系是受岩溶控制的巨厚白云岩油气藏,气水关系十分复杂,储层呈基质孔隙度低、次生溶蚀孔洞发育特征,而且储层类型多样,致使储层岩电关系存在非Archie现象,同时储层的非均质性和地层水矿化度的差异掩盖了气水的测井响应特征,造成测井气水识别难度大。为此,通过对不同类型全直径岩电参数、声学特性实验数据和地层水资料的综合分析,优选了饱和度模型参数,建立了含水饱和度计算电阻率—实测电阻率重叠判别法、基质电阻率—实测电阻率重叠判别法、理论计算纵横波速度比—实测纵横波速度比重叠判别法3种以声波、电阻率相结合的测井气层识别方案。应用该技术对川中古隆起北斜坡震旦系灯影组储层进行解释,符合率达到93.1%。

核心素养创新模式:高校乒乓球有效教学的实践研究

采用实验法验证了以发展学生核心素养的乒乓球创新教学相较于传统体育教学法更具有优势与时代特征,即有利于促进学生的身体素质与乒乓球基本功提高、熟悉并掌握乒乓球竞赛规则与裁判方法、建立一种新型的体育课堂、激发学生的学习兴趣与提高创新能力、培养学生终身体育的意识。

基于创客教育理念的初中化学实验教学改革探究

创客教育以其独特的“开放创新、探究体验”的教育方式和培养创新型人才的理念,为教育教学带来新的视角和活力。在初中化学实验教学改革中融入创客教育理念,不仅可以有效解决实验教学中存在的问题,还能促进学生进行发现式学习,提升学生的创新意识和创新能力。基于创客教育理念的初中化学教学要转变教师角色与观念,优化实验教学内容与方法,改善实验教学条件,建立科学的评价体系。

“计算机组成原理”课程实践教学改革探索

“计算机组成原理”课程复杂且抽象,为教师的实践教学带来了极大的挑战。对此,文章采用Logisim软件对“计算机组成原理”课程进行了实践设计,以单周期CPU设计为例,通过MIPS指令译码器、指令存储器及运算器设计阐述了Logisim软件设计单周期CPU设计过程,同时利用Logisim软件对指令存储器、运算器与总体结构进行了设计,整个实验逻辑性与实践性强,能很好地解决“计算机组成原理”课程的实践难点,不仅有助于学生更熟练地掌握计算机硬件设计方法,还能激发其学习主动性。

高黏土陆相页岩实验技术及其应用

页岩储层“四性”实验评价是页岩油勘探开发的重要基础及核心。现有实验技术存在页岩含油量检测不准、微纳米孔隙测量视域小及代表性差、流动性直接测量参数缺乏等难题,不适应古龙页岩油生产需求。通过研发实验装备、确定实验条件,建立基于保压密闭岩心“四性”实验技术及流程。结果表明:古龙高成熟和成熟页岩含油量测定较国标法可减少损失71%和50%,应用新建不同成熟度页岩含油量恢复模型,恢复了国标法现场录井页岩含油量数据;高成熟与低成熟阶段页岩中干酪根有机质、不同赋存状态油和水定量特征差别明显,受干酪根有机质向页岩油转化及演化程度的控制;页岩孔缝组合构成规模储集空间及流动网络通道,储集空间分为2大类7亚类12种类型,总孔隙度高于粉砂质岩、灰质岩、云质岩;确定页岩油上部、中部、下部油层组含油性与流动性特征,圆柱状页岩样品驱替油率为16%~43%,同一地层温度(100℃)不同驱替压力(10~50 MPa)下的超临界CO_(2)驱替使孔隙度增加4.51百分点、渗透率增加0.53×10^(-3)μm^(2)。研究成果为页岩油规模增储和效益上产提供了实验依据。

核心机进气总压畸变试验仿真与验证

某型核心机首次开展进气总压畸变试验,为了在正式试验前预知核心机进口前气动交界面稳态总压分布图谱,通过商用软件模拟了不同进气状态和板位条件下气动交界面的稳态总压分布,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:气动交界面8支稳态总压探针测得的周向总压分布与仿真计算结果趋势一致,最大误差为2.1%,出现在计算状态换算转速为95%、板位为24%的第4支探针处,验证了数值计算方法的准确性。为开展型号总压畸变试验的设计与验证提供了理论和技术基础,并可为后续其他型号发动机进气总压畸变试验提供支持。