元宇宙环境下玉米免耕播种机作业机组仿真与试验

针对玉米免耕播种机研发周期长和研发成本高等问题,本文将元宇宙技术应用于玉米免耕播种机作业机组的仿真试验。基于元宇宙系统架构构建仿真平台,在元宇宙环境下,采用标线法和转换法对虚拟农场中场景进行高度还原,构建沉浸式玉米免耕播种机驾驶平台并进行交互性能测试,验证沉浸式玉米免耕播种机驾驶平台交互性能。在此基础上,在不同行驶速度下进行播种性能仿真试验,当玉米免耕播种作业机组前进速度不断增大时,播种质量整体呈下降趋势,趋势接近实际田间试验结果,株距合格率大于88.52%、重播率小于6.97%、漏播率小于4.51%。试验结果表明,本文设计实现的元宇宙虚拟播种仿真平台能够用于玉米播种试验,对降低玉米免耕播种机研发成本、缩短玉米免耕播种机研发周期具有重要意义。

基于电机驱动的玉米精量排种控制系统开发与试验

玉米单产提升是确保粮食产量稳定的有效措施,玉米精量排种器电机驱动控制技术是改善玉米播种质量,提高玉米产量的有效方式。本研究设计了一款驱控一体式永磁同步电机,提出了基于磁场定向控制(FOC)的电机转速精准控制方法,采用MATAB验证FOC驱动控制方法的正确性,研制了玉米电驱精量排种控制系统,开展了田间实验,结果表明:作业速度≤15 km/h时,播种合格指数≥91.79%,漏播指数≤2.42%,重播指数≤5.80%,变异系数≤20.65%,播种质量明显优于国标,满足高速播种需求。

2BMYDF-2/4型大豆玉米密植分控施肥播种机设计与试验

为解决大豆玉米复合种植机械化水平不高、装备配套适应性差的问题,设计生产了2BMYDF-2/4型大豆玉米密植分控施肥播种机,能够一次完成旋耕破茬、开沟施肥、开种沟、播种、覆土、镇压等工序。首先根据复合种植农艺要求提出播种机整体设计方案,然后对破茬开沟及覆土镇压装置、四连杆仿形机构、指夹式排种器、传动结构等关键部件进行设计及参数优化,并确定关键参数,最后在聊城市东昌府区于集镇开展了播种试验。结果表明,在播施作业速度为6.4 km/h时,玉米、大豆粒距合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数、播种深度合格指数和种子破损率等指标分别为94.3%和86.4%、1.3%和6.2%、0.6%和2.4%、90.3%和90.7%、0.32%和0.26%,机具各项指标能够较好满足大豆玉米复合种植农艺要求。

滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机设计与试验

【目的】研发作业可靠且适应新疆玉米种植模式的免耕播种机具。【方法】采用运动分析及结构设计方法,设计免耕播种机清茬机构、排种器及滴灌带铺设机构,并进行田间试验验证。【结果】机具前进速度在5 km/h时通过性良好,秸秆清理率达到79.44%,满足免耕播种作业要求;播种合格指数为91.33%,漏播指数为3.18%,重播指数为5.49%,播种均匀性满足行业标准。【结论】滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机满足设计要求,可以有效清茬、播种及铺设滴灌带。

玉米精量播种机排种器关键部件延寿降本优化研究

为合理优化玉米精量播种机关键部件结构,延长机具使用寿命,降低维修成本,以排种器中关键部件支撑盘为研究对象,对其尺寸参数进行设计,通过有限元法分析其静力学特性、固有频率及振型特征。以支撑盘前两阶模态固有频率为指标,以支撑盘外边缘直径、支撑盘整体厚度、外边缘厚度为因素进行三因素三水平正交试验。最终分析得到优化后的最低固有频率为52.456 Hz,大于外界激励频率范围1~33 Hz,优化后的最大振幅由5.8473 mm降为3.6859 mm,有效避免共振干扰;试制样机进行台架疲劳试验,最终得到支撑盘的平均使用寿命为213 h,满足标准要求。为播种机的关键部件延寿降本优化提供理论参考。

气吹式精量播种机在玉米种植中的应用

玉米是我国重要的粮食作物,在食品工业、饲料工业等领域占有重要的地位,直接影响着我国的粮食安全。近些年,随着智能农机化技术的普及和发展,玉米种植方式发生了变化。传统低效的种植方式逐渐被机械化农机所取代,显著提升了玉米种植的效率。在分析我国智能农机发展趋势以及智能农机在玉米种植中的应用现状和价值的基础上,从优化玉米种植模式、打造核心示范区等层面探讨了气吹式智能精量播种机等智慧农机在玉米种植中的应用,以期为提升玉米种植的智能化水平提供参考。

Friction wheel transmission of no-tillage corn planters

To overcome the unfavorable factors of ground wheel-driven chain transmission when a no-tillage planter operates on straw mulching fields,a friction wheel transmission based on ground wheel transmission was designed in this research.The stability,i.e.,the effects of friction wheel tyre pressure on stability of machine transmission was investigated via validation of main factors.The relationships among tyre pressure,deformation and load were determined via theoretical analysis.The tyre pressure extreme for transmission is 25.90 psi,the maximum pressure imposed on the friction wheel tyre is 14 kN,the maximum deformation of friction wheel is 8.7 mm.The stabilities of friction wheel slip rate and seeding distance were investigated via field tests and alteration of friction wheel tyre pressure.After processing the test data,it can be found that the minimum tyre pressure for acquisition of friction wheel slip rate was 24.35 psi.After processing the data of seeding distance,it can be validated that the tyre pressure was kept unchanged following the optimal transmission effect of the transmission through the abrupt change of working speed,which further proved the feasibility of the new friction wheel transmission.The transmission of friction wheel can reduce 14.67%in variation coefficient of seed spacing at the speed of 5 km/h,and 16.22%at the speed of 8 km/h.

2BF-4轻简型玉米精量播种机的设计与试验

【目的】针对西南丘陵山地玉米精量播种的滞后现状。【方法】设计了一种适用于西南丘陵山地的集施肥开沟播种于一体的4行轻简型玉米精量播种机,该播种机单体上增加压密轮,限制种子在种沟内的弹跳;将仿形机构设计为后置式仿形机构,能有效对大坡度地面进行贴地仿形作业;该播种机采用勺轮式精量排种器,在排种器出口处设计导种机构,改善勺轮式排种器排种均匀性差、作业质量不稳定等问题。【结果】对带导种机构的勺轮式排种器进行离散元仿真,结果表明在不同作业速度条件下,其变异系数均低于20%;对该排种器进行台架试验,并与原排种器工作性能对比,粒距变异系数比原排种器低3%以上,改善效果明显。采用该排种器研制了2BF-4轻简型玉米精量播种机,经田间试验,当播种机作业速度为3~6 km/h时,播种机合格率均高于80%、变异系数均低于30%。【结论】试验表明,该播种机适用于西南丘陵山地玉米精量播种。

玉米免耕播种机智能化技术探讨

近年来,随着农业信息化、智能化发展,对农业机械设备提出了更高的要求,逐渐将传感器技术、计算机技术、人工智能技术和视觉识别技术等应用于免耕播种机,如对行避茬技术、播量监测技术、播深监测控制技术等。基于玉米免耕播种机整体结构和工作原理,提出目前玉米免耕播种机智能化核心技术与发展现状,并针对我国农业发展情况,提出未来玉米免耕播种机智能化发展方向与研究重点。

基于机电一体化技术精准农业机械设计与试验

精准农业是当前农业发展的重要方向,机电一体化技术在实现精准农业的过程中起着关键作用。该文以玉米精密播种机的设计为例,探讨了基于机电一体化技术的精准农业机械设计,对精密播种机的工作原理和功能需求进行了分析,并结合现有机电一体化技术和农业机械设计原理,提出了一种基于机电一体化的玉米精密播种机设计方案,通过传感器、执行器和控制系统的协同作用,实现了对播种深度、行距和种子数量等参数的精确控制,提高了播种的准确性和效率。田间试验结果表明,该玉米精密播种机在播种效果和操作便捷性方面明显优于传统的播种机。

免耕玉米播种机控制系统设计

为提高免耕玉米播种机自动化及智能化,提出一种免耕玉米播种机控制系统,该系统由传感器模块、控制模块、执行模块和用户界面模块组成。通过各模块的协同作用,能够自动控制播种深度和种子的分配,从而实现高效的播种。整体系统通过无线通信或互联网连接进行远程监控和控制,为农民提供方便快捷的管理方式。研究结果对于帮助农民提高生产效率、节省时间和精力,并为提高作物的产量和质量提供技术参考方案。

Stalk cutting mechanism of no-tillage planter for wide/narrow row farming mode

A no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing was designed according to the agronomic requirements of wide/narrow row farming mode in the black soil region of Northeast China.Due to the narrow spacing of the seeder unit,a gear-tooth stalk cutting mechanism was designed in order to prevent residues from blocking the planter.The basic parameters,number and edge curve of the stalk cutting blade were designed and optimized.Three-factor and three-level combined orthogonal experiments were conducted using the factors of working speed(1.12 m/s,1.57 m/s and 2.02 m/s),tillage depth(75 mm,90 mm and 105 mm)and cutter spacing(15 mm,30 mm and 45 mm),which significantly affected stalk cutting rate and soil disturbance rate.The optimal combination is the working speed of 1.62 m/s,tillage depth of 92 mm and cutter spacing of 35 mm.Under this condition,the stalk cutting rate is more than 90%and soil disturbance rate is 7.5%-12.0%.The performance of the new no-tillage planter was tested by using the above parameters.The results showed that the no-tillage planter of narrow row spacing came up to the relevant national standards in China.

Improving uniform scattering device for straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter under complete straw mulching condition

With the objective of obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,when no-tillage mechanical sowing is implemented with straw smashing,delivering,and back-throwing approaches,it may be difficult to scatter the smashed straw uniformly during a succeeding wheat sowing step.This is because the previous rice straw is substantial in quantity and has a high humidity and toughness,which may easily result in non-uniform straw mulching and thus sparse and weak seedlings of wheat.Therefore a force-dispersing and uniform-scattering device was designed.With the number of scattering impellers,impeller angle,and impeller rotation speed as the main factors and the percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching as the assessment indices,single-factor experiments and orthogonal regressive tests were performed,and a dual-index(percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching)fitted regression equation was established.The test results suggested that the main factors(from primary to secondary)that influence the indices were the impeller rotation speed,number of scattering impellers,and impeller angle.The optimal parameter combination for the uniform scattering device was four rows of impellers with an angle of 15°,rotation speed of 1015 r/min,percentage of pass of 72.65%for the scattering width,and a non-uniformity of 13.8%in the straw mulching.This combination can be used to realize a uniform scattering of the smashed straw along the seedling rows on the after-sowing ground.According to the field investigation of the wheat growth,the wheat emergence rate was 90.7%.The research results can provide a reference for improving the uniform scattering device for a straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter for obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,enhancing the quality of the machinery operation,and ensuring good and strong seedlings after sowing.

Optimization and experiment on key structural parameters of no-tillage planter with straw-smashing and strip-mulching

Accelerate the quality of smashed-straw laying and enhance the effect of seed-bed arranging for no-tillage planter with straw-smashing and strip-mulching in full stubble covered paddy have become imperative in implementing modern conservation tillage.Considering the perfect operating performance(passability and stability)of the developed no-tillageplanter,this study intends to optimize the structure design of smashed-straw diversion device and strip-rotary tillage device.Dynamics equations of smashed straw and kinematics models of rotary blades were established through theoretical analysis,and the principal factors that affecting straw strip-laying quality and seed-bed arranging effect were specified.The influence of out-enlarge angle(η)and slide-push angle(γ)of the diversion device on the coefficient of variation(ζ1)of cover-straw width,and the influence of rotary tillage-blade number(N)and configuration in a singlerotary plane on the broken rate(ζ2)of strip soil were completely analyzed.And then,based on the systematic analysis and integrated scheme,operating performance and field verification tests using the optimized no-tillage planter were thoroughly performed.The results of the performance tests indicated that the out-enlarge angle(η)had a highly significant influence on the coefficient of variation(ζ1),and the slide-push angle(γ)had a significant influence on(ζ1).The rotary tillage-blade number(N)had a highly significant influence on the broken rate(ζ2),and the slide-push angle(γ)had a significant influence on(ζ2).The obtained optimal combination of these key structure parameters through comprehensive analysis wasη=45°,γ=40°,and N=4.Field verification test results indicated that the optimized no-tillage planter achieved mean values of ζ1=10.47%and ζ2=90.95%,which satisfied the relevant operation quality and cultivation agricultural requirement of conservation tillage equipment,and provided technical references for developing the similar no-tillage planter of straw crushing and returning.

玉米双行高速精量播种机的研制

按照北方寒地玉米种植的农艺要求,为满足玉米生产密植高产、提质增效,基于品字型双行玉米播种高产种植技术,研制一种品字型双行玉米高速精量播种机,并对播种机关键部件进行设计与分析。设计的播种机采用双盘气压式排种器品字型双行密植交错播种结构,利用EDEM离散元仿真软件对不同截面形状导种装置进行分析,对比确定最优形式的导种装置。通过田间播种作业对播种机性能进行试验,结果表明播种机能够在12~16km/h速度下稳定作业,播种平均粒距合格指数97.78%、重播指数1.06%、漏播指数0.84%,播种机作业效率高、作业稳定可靠性高,基本满足品字型双行高速精量播种作业的使用要求。

凿形深松全层施肥开沟铲的结构优化

深松全层施肥开沟铲是玉米免耕深松全层施肥精量播种机的关键部件,本文在融合箭形深松铲与双翼深松铲优点的基础上,对凿形深松铲进行结构优化,设计出一种新型深松全层施肥开沟铲,其入土能力强,土壤扰动效果好,作业截面更宽,土壤坚实度更小,深松效果更好。

丘陵区轻简型玉米播种机发展探讨

丘陵山区玉米种植面积占辽宁省玉米种植总面积的43%左右,是玉米集中种植区,但种植地块普遍较小且分散,平整度差,地况复杂多变,种植模式多样,形成半机械化为主的耕种方式。结合辽宁丘陵山区特点,分析轻简型玉米播种机的技术要求和应用前景,为提升丘陵山区玉米播种机械化水平提供思路。

驱动圆盘玉米垄作免耕播种机设计与试验

针对东北垄作区免耕播种玉米时存在机具堵塞严重、条带旋耕功耗大、垄上作业稳定性差等问题,设计了驱动圆盘玉米垄作免耕播种机,提出了驱动圆盘破茬、限深轮稳定装置为一体的破茬开沟稳定机构,对本装置的关键参数进行了设计。田间试验结果表明,驱动圆盘玉米垄作免耕播种机通过性能好,破茬能力强。机具破茬深度约为87mm,种肥间距稳定在48mm时能够满足播种要求,播种施肥开沟器在主动圆盘开出的沟槽中进行二次开沟,减少了土壤扰动和动力消耗。与条带旋耕玉米垄作免耕播种机相比,油耗降低8.5%,地表动土量减少约50%。

玉米免耕播种施肥机精准作业监控系统

为了解决玉米播种和施肥时种子和肥料利用率低、投入高、产出低的问题,研制了玉米免耕播种施肥机精准作业监控系统。针对土壤墒情、肥力以及不同地区玉米播种农艺,研制玉米变粒距自动控制系统,通过控制伺服电机,结合拖拉机行走速度,对排种轴的转速进行反馈控制,实现播种粒距的自动调节。根据作业处方图和GPS信息,结合肥箱肥料质量和机具前进速度,得到施肥控制量,输出到伺服电机驱动器,调节排肥轴的转速,实现按处方图施肥作业。试验结果表明,肥料控制精度在3.31%以内,对玉米点播,实现播种粒距10～20cm在线无级调整,最大控制误差不高于4.48%。该研究实现了玉米免耕播种施肥机变量施肥和精密播种。

2BG-2型玉米垄作免耕播种机

基于东北垄作区保护性耕作各类模式的需要,对免耕播种的工艺进行了分析,并提出了对免耕播种机的农业技术要求。设计了滚动圆盘式破茬犁刀、圆盘螺旋线形清茬器,该装置既能提高机具通过性又可保持垄形。采用双圆盘施肥开沟器实现侧深施肥,二个地轮行驶在垄沟中可确保播种机横向稳定。设计的2BG-2型玉米垄作免耕播种机,田间播种作业与检测结果表明该机达到了设计要求。