Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side custome...Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.展开更多
Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited i...Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited information about GRFs is available in Saccharum due to their polyploidy.In this study,22 GRFs were identified in the two species and their conserved domains,gene structures,chromosome location,and synteny were characterized.GRF7 expression varied among tissues and responded to diurnal rhythm.SsGRF7-YFP was localized preferentially in the nucleus and appears to act as a transcriptional cofactor.SsGRF7 positively regulated the size and length of rice leaves,possibly by regulating cell size and plant hormones.Of seven potential transcription factors binding to the SsGRF7 promoter in S.spontaneum,four showed positive expression patterns,and two showed negative expression patterns relative to SsGRF7.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 suga...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province.Molecular detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV)was carried out by PCR using specific primers.[Results]SCBV was detected in 244 out of 348 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of 70.11%.The highest detection rate was 76.66%in the Danzhou sugarcane-growing area,while the lowest was 57.14%in the Baisha sugarcane-growing area.The SCBV-positive samples were subjected to testing for SCYLV,SCSMV,SrMV,and SCMV,respectively.The results indicated that 106 out of 244 positive samples exhibited a single infection with SCBV,while 138 samples exhibited mixed infections with SCBV and other sugarcane viruses.The proportion of mixed infections among the SCBV-positive samples was as high as 56.56%.Among the various types of mixed infections,two-virus and three-virus mixed infections were the most prevalent.[Conclusions]SCBV has emerged as a significant threat to the secure production of sugarcane in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region.It presents an explosive infection in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region and frequently combines with other sugarcane viruses to infect sugarcane.The findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease.展开更多
Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic di...Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice.In the current study,we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides,three phenol derivatives,and two lignans including one new compound,and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation,improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,ameliorated hepatic steatosis,and regulated short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice.Notably,SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition,especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome(MetS),regulated secondary bile acid metabolism,and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.展开更多
The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has play...The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has played a central role in deciphering the genome structure, classification, and evolution of the genus Saccharum. The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes significantly improved our understanding of the complex genomes of Saccharum species. This paper reviews the application and progress of cytogenetic techniques in Saccharum. Future applications of cytogenetics are discussed, as they could benefit both genomic studies and breeding of sugarcane as well as other plants with complex genomes.展开更多
Calmodulin(CaM)proteins play a key role in signal transduction under various stresses.In the present study,the effects of a sugarcane ScCaM gene(NCBI accession number:GQ246454)on drought and salt stress tolerance in t...Calmodulin(CaM)proteins play a key role in signal transduction under various stresses.In the present study,the effects of a sugarcane ScCaM gene(NCBI accession number:GQ246454)on drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli cells were evaluated.The results demonstrated a significant negative role of ScCaM in the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic lines of A.thaliana,as indicated by the phenotypes.In addition,the expression of AtP5CS and AtRD29A,two genes tightly related to stress resistance,was significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in the wild type.The growth of E.coli BL21 cells expressing ScCaM showed weaker tolerance under mannitol and NaCl stress.Taken together,this study revealed that the ScCaM gene plays a negative regulatory role in both mannitol and NaCl stresses,and it possibly exerts protective mechanisms common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes under stress conditions.展开更多
This study assesses the climate impact on the productivity of five sugarcane varieties (R579, SP711406, M2593/92, M1400/86, and SP701006) in the industrial plantations of Ferké 1 sugar complex. It is a contributi...This study assesses the climate impact on the productivity of five sugarcane varieties (R579, SP711406, M2593/92, M1400/86, and SP701006) in the industrial plantations of Ferké 1 sugar complex. It is a contribution to research efforts aimed at increasing the productivity of sugarcane varieties in the sugar fields. Also to support agricultural development and guarantee the income of planters. The sugarcane production data are from 2013 to 2017. Climatological data are measured and calculated continuously daily at the production site. In addition, the CMIP-5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) climate database at 1<sup></sup><sup>º </sup>× 1<sup>º</sup> horizontal resolution was used for the predictability of crop yields of the 5 sugarcane varieties in the near future (2021-2050) and far future (2056-2075) to improve the quality of climate services to producers. The statistical methodological approach by multiple linear regression associated with the significativity test shows important and significant coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.90) between the yields of sugarcane varieties with certain climatic parameters such as minimum and maximum temperatures, insolation, global solar radiation, and potential evapotranspiration. The impact of rainfall has not been directly evaluated because the linear models do not explicitly show sensitivities to this parameter and the total water requirements for the plot are completely assured by irrigation. The future climate projections analyzed only from extreme thermal parameters (Tmax and Tmin) highlight their strong sensitivities with yields from an idealized model. In this model, we have assumed that the water supply needed by sugarcane is always met by irrigation on different plots. Moreover, linear models do not evolve fast enough in time and changes due to external environmental constraints are not too important at the plot scale. The projected thermic parameters can thus constitute a limiting factor for the producibility of sugarcane varieties either by excess or by default. In addition, the linear models used allowed us to observe the behavior of yields with respect to observed past climatic conditions. However, for future yields, there is no way to know if these regressions have the ability to predict them since they are based on projected weather conditions (i.e. CMIP5 data) marked by uncertainties. Additionally, none of the regression equations have been tested against independent observations.展开更多
This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeabil...This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability and water absorption capacity. Thus, in this study, the water-to-cement ratio was kept constant (0.45), the binder materials content for conventional mix was kept constant at (350 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the partial replacement of cement with RHASBA used was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The maximum compressive strength was noted at a 5% replacement level of cement with RHASBA. The Results showed that the optimum replacement of cement with RHASBA in concrete was 5%, which was found to increase the compressive strength by 15%, flexural strength by 3.4%, lowered permeability by 50%, lowered sorptivity by 11.34% as compared with control concrete at 90 days of curing time. The micro-structural test results further established that RHA and SBA have a high content of SiO<sub>2</sub> which enables them to be more reactive in concrete and also revealed that the presence of RHASBA depletes Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> crystals, converting it into CaH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Si (C-S-H gel) leading to the strengthening of bond within the concrete matrix.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish simple, efficient, stable, standardized and practical identification methods for sugarcane resistance to white leaf disease(SCWL), and promote the breeding for sugarca...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish simple, efficient, stable, standardized and practical identification methods for sugarcane resistance to white leaf disease(SCWL), and promote the breeding for sugarcane resistance to SCWL. [Methods]The identification technology of sugarcane resistance to SCWL was systematically studied and explored from the aspects of sugarcane material treatment and planting, inoculation liquid preparation, inoculation method, disease investigation, grading standard formulation, etc., and two sets of simple, efficient, stable, standardized and practical accurate identification methods for sugarcane resistance to SCWL were created for the first time, namely, the seed cane coating inoculation method and the stem-cutting inoculation method at the growth stage. The seed cane coating inoculation method includes the steps of directly screening SCWL phytoplasma, extracting juice from cane and adding 10 times of sterile water to prepare an inoculation liquid, spraying seed cane on plastic film to keep moisture, planting the inoculated materials in barrels in an insect-proof greenhouse for cultivation, investigating the incidence rate 30 d after inoculation, and evaluating the disease resistance according to the 1-5 level standard. The method of stem-cutting inoculation includes the steps of directly screening sugarcane stems carrying SCWL phytoplasma and adding 10 times of sterile water to prepare an inoculation liquid, cultivating the identification materials in an insect-proof greenhouse, dropping 100 μl of the inoculation liquid into each root incision with a pipette gun at the age of 6 months, investigating the incidence rate 20 d after planting, and evaluating the disease resistance according to the 1-5 level standard. [Results] The two methods are similar to the natural transmission method. After inoculation, SCML occurred significantly, with high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The results of resistance identification were consistent with those of natural disease in the field. Through the two inoculation methods and field natural disease investigation, the resistance of 10 main cultivars to SCML was identified, which was true and reliable. [Conclusions] This study can provide standard varieties for identification of SCML resistance in the future.展开更多
This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeabil...This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability and water absorption capacity. Thus, in this study, the water-to-cement ratio was kept constant (0.45), the binder materials content for conventional mix was kept constant at (350 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the partial replacement of cement with RHASBA used was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The maximum compressive strength was noted at a 5% replacement level of cement with RHASBA. The Results showed that the optimum replacement of cement with RHASBA in concrete was 5%, which was found to increase the compressive strength by 15%, flexural strength by 3.4%, lowered permeability by 50%, lowered sorptivity by 11.34% as compared with control concrete at 90 days of curing time. The micro-structural test results further established that RHA and SBA have a high content of SiO<sub>2</sub> which enables them to be more reactive in concrete and also revealed that the presence of RHASBA depletes Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> crystals, converting it into CaH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Si (C-S-H gel) leading to the strengthening of bond within the concrete matrix.展开更多
This study aims to understand the current climatic trends and explain the possible losses of agricultural yields. To achieve this objective, this work characterized the evolution of extreme temperature indices in the ...This study aims to understand the current climatic trends and explain the possible losses of agricultural yields. To achieve this objective, this work characterized the evolution of extreme temperature indices in the sugar complexes of Ferké 1 and Ferké 2, two stations located in the northern part of C?te d'Ivoire. The onset and cessation dates of the rainy season and the length of the rainy season were investigated. The agricultural and climatic data were obtained from each sugar complex. The period of study ranges from 2002 to 2019 in Ferké 1 and Ferké 2. The results show significant upward trends in extreme temperature indices. The analysis of sugarcane yield associated with the different climatic parameters shows no significant results in general. However, on the Ferkessédougou sugar complexes, the results highlight that maximum and minimum temperatures could be the variables that influence most yield production. The maximum temperature with coefficients of 1.60 and 0.77 at Ferké 1 and Ferké 2 respectively seems to contribute to an increase in yield while the minimum temperature with coefficients of -0.98 and -0.22 at Ferké 1 and Ferké 2 respectively could lead to a loss in yield. The results obtained with the Single Linear Regression (SLR) and the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models also highlight the strong influence of minimum and maximum temperatures.展开更多
Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplem...Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively,and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control,weight change,and its adverse events.Results The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients,7 males and 17 females,aged 46.08±14.15 years.Before RCS-supplemented diet,all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes(2.51±3.88 times/week),concurrent with neuroglycopenia(in 83.3% of patients)and autonomic manifestations(in 75.0% of patients),with the median fasting blood glucose(FBG)of 2.70(interquartile range[IQR]:2.50-2.90)mmol/L.The patients'weight increased by 0.38(IQR:0.05-0.65)kg per month,with 8(33.3%)cases developing overweight and 7(29.2%)cases developing obesity.All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection(23 cases)and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases(1 case).For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day,the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30(IQR:3.30-5.70)mmol/L,which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level[2.25(IQR:1.60-2.90)mmol/L;P<0.001].Of them,10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment[3.20(IQR:2.60-3.95)mmol/L vs.2.15(IQR:1.83-2.33)mmol/L;P<0.001].Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management[3.50(IQR:2.50-3.65)mmol/L vs.2.20(IQR:1.80-2.60)mmol/L;P<0.001],but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG.No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation.Mild diarrhea(2 cases)and flatulence(1 case)occurred,and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose.Conclusion The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.展开更多
Background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy.Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there ...Background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy.Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and pelleting.The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(NE)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs.Methods Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water.Twenty-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 periods.Oxygen consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were collected.Results Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(GE),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(AEE),and the concentration of NE were greater(P<0.05)in pelleted diets than in meal diets.Regardless of diet form,the ATTD of GE,N,and AEE,and the concentration of NE were increased(linear;P<0.05)by reducing the particle size of corn,but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;P<0.05).Conclusions Both pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE,but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.展开更多
Nutrient management plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of sweet corn.A field experiment was conducted in consecutive two kharif seasons in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of various organic sources ...Nutrient management plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of sweet corn.A field experiment was conducted in consecutive two kharif seasons in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of various organic sources of nutrients in combination with inorganic sources on the yield and quality of sweet corn under new alluvial soils of West Bengal,India.Treatments were:T_(1):Control(without fertilizers);T_(2):100%recommended dose(RDF)of chemical fertilizers(CF)(RDF CF_(100%));T_(3):100%recommended dose of N(RDN)through vermicompost(VC)(RDN VC_(100%));T_(4):50 RDN through CF+50%RDN through VC(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN VC50%);T_(5):50%RDF through CF+50%RDN through organic source(OS)1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS_(150%));T6:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 2,Bioenzyme(liquid)(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS250%);T7:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 3,Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate[RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS350%];T8:50%RDN through VC+50%RDF through OS 1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN VC50%+RDN OS_(150%)).The OS of fertilizers were VC,SoliGro Gr(OS1)(Ascophyllum nodosum),Bioenzyme liquid(OS2),and Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate(OS3).The inorganic source was traditional CF applied at the RDF(150:75:75 kg ha^(−1) of N:P2O5:K2O).The VC was used to supply 100%RDN as one source or 50%RDN when combined with CF or OS.Maximum fruit yield(10.75 and 10.79 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)was recorded when RDF was substituted through CF only,being statistically at par with 50%CF+50%VC on a nitrogen equivalent basis(9.92 and 10.00 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)and 100%VC(8.22 and 8.32 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively).Compared to chemical sources of nutrients,VC-based treatments produced a larger percentage of large-size cob(>25 cm).The 100%VC increased antioxidant(8.35 and 8.45 mg g^(−1)),carotenoid(0.59 and 0.61 mg/100 g),and phenol(55.06 and 55.02 mg 100 g^(−1))content compared with its 50%dose in combination with other sources.The study revealed the potentiality of organic sources towards achieving improved cob quality of sweet corn.展开更多
An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid colle...An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.展开更多
Struvite (MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) produced synthetically from a stock solution of known phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations has been shown to...Struvite (MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) produced synthetically from a stock solution of known phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations has been shown to be an effective, alternative fertilizer-P source for various crops, but little is known about the potential agronomic effectiveness of struvite created from an actual municipal wastewater source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil [i.e., Creldon silt loam (Oxyaquic Fragiudalf) and Calloway silt loam (Aquic Fraglossudalf) series], fertilizer-P source [i.e., synthetically produced electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECSTsyn), real-wastewater-derived ECST (ECSTreal), chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and an unamended control (UC)], and irrigation water type (i.e., tapwater and struvite-removed wastewater) on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and N, P, and magnesium (Mg) uptake in a 60-day, greenhouse potted-plant study. Crop growth and N, P, and Mg uptakes for the struvite treatments (i.e., CPST, ECSTsyn, and ECSTreal) were generally similar to or at least 1.2 times greater than MAP. The ECSTsyn material commonly had up to five times greater N, P, and Mg uptake in corn and soybean than any other fertilizer-P source. Struvite-removed wastewater resulted in at least 1.3 times lower dry matter and N, P, and Mg uptake than tapwater. Similar corn and soybean results from the struvite fertilizers among the various soil-water type combinations compared to MAP suggest that struvite generates similar crop responses as at least one widely used, commercially available, multi-nutrient fertilizer-P source.展开更多
Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear...Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes based on the synergistic hypoglycemic effects.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,a...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,an agricultural byproduct.The hypoglycemic effects of SCP-80-I on T2DM mice and its mechanisms were investigated in this study.SCP-80-I was found to significantly reduce blood glucose and lipid deposition levels in T2DM mice,as well as decrease serum leptin and increase adiponectin secretion.Interestingly,real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting results revealed that SCP-80-I could regulate the expression of several glycolipid metabolisms and insulin secretion genes and proteins,including 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPTI),and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the liver and AMPK,sirtuin1(Sirtl),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorycoactivator-1(PGC-1α),and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in the pancreas.To have a hypoglycemic effect,SCP-80-1 regulated glycolipid metabolism and islet cell function in the liver by regulating the AMPK/AC C/CPT1 signaling pathway and the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1αand AMPK/Sirtl/UCP2 signaling pathways.These findings improve our understanding of polysaccharides derived from sweet corncob and the use of SCP-80-I in the production of hypoglycemic foods.展开更多
文摘Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFF1000101 and 2021YFF1000104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272196)the Sugarcane Research Foundation of Guangxi University(2022GZB007)。
文摘Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited information about GRFs is available in Saccharum due to their polyploidy.In this study,22 GRFs were identified in the two species and their conserved domains,gene structures,chromosome location,and synteny were characterized.GRF7 expression varied among tissues and responded to diurnal rhythm.SsGRF7-YFP was localized preferentially in the nucleus and appears to act as a transcriptional cofactor.SsGRF7 positively regulated the size and length of rice leaves,possibly by regulating cell size and plant hormones.Of seven potential transcription factors binding to the SsGRF7 promoter in S.spontaneum,four showed positive expression patterns,and two showed negative expression patterns relative to SsGRF7.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(321QN313,323MS103)Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-17).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province.Molecular detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV)was carried out by PCR using specific primers.[Results]SCBV was detected in 244 out of 348 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of 70.11%.The highest detection rate was 76.66%in the Danzhou sugarcane-growing area,while the lowest was 57.14%in the Baisha sugarcane-growing area.The SCBV-positive samples were subjected to testing for SCYLV,SCSMV,SrMV,and SCMV,respectively.The results indicated that 106 out of 244 positive samples exhibited a single infection with SCBV,while 138 samples exhibited mixed infections with SCBV and other sugarcane viruses.The proportion of mixed infections among the SCBV-positive samples was as high as 56.56%.Among the various types of mixed infections,two-virus and three-virus mixed infections were the most prevalent.[Conclusions]SCBV has emerged as a significant threat to the secure production of sugarcane in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region.It presents an explosive infection in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region and frequently combines with other sugarcane viruses to infect sugarcane.The findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease.
基金supported by the National key research and development program of China(2019YFA0905600)the Science and Technology Service Network Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-QYZD-201-5-3)the Strategic Priority Research Program(Class B)of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB 38020300)。
文摘Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice.In the current study,we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides,three phenol derivatives,and two lignans including one new compound,and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation,improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,ameliorated hepatic steatosis,and regulated short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice.Notably,SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition,especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome(MetS),regulated secondary bile acid metabolism,and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.
基金supported by the Startup Foundation from Nantong University (03083074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070544)。
文摘The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has played a central role in deciphering the genome structure, classification, and evolution of the genus Saccharum. The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes significantly improved our understanding of the complex genomes of Saccharum species. This paper reviews the application and progress of cytogenetic techniques in Saccharum. Future applications of cytogenetics are discussed, as they could benefit both genomic studies and breeding of sugarcane as well as other plants with complex genomes.
基金co-supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research [grant number 2021B0301030007]the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant number 2017YFA0604302]+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 41875137]the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project"Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility"(EarthLab)
基金This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2018J01470 and 2021J01137)Scientific research projects of introducing talents in Wuyi University(YJ202109)+2 种基金Special fund for scientific and technological innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2020081A)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-17)The funders had no role in the study design,data collection,and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Calmodulin(CaM)proteins play a key role in signal transduction under various stresses.In the present study,the effects of a sugarcane ScCaM gene(NCBI accession number:GQ246454)on drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli cells were evaluated.The results demonstrated a significant negative role of ScCaM in the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic lines of A.thaliana,as indicated by the phenotypes.In addition,the expression of AtP5CS and AtRD29A,two genes tightly related to stress resistance,was significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in the wild type.The growth of E.coli BL21 cells expressing ScCaM showed weaker tolerance under mannitol and NaCl stress.Taken together,this study revealed that the ScCaM gene plays a negative regulatory role in both mannitol and NaCl stresses,and it possibly exerts protective mechanisms common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes under stress conditions.
文摘This study assesses the climate impact on the productivity of five sugarcane varieties (R579, SP711406, M2593/92, M1400/86, and SP701006) in the industrial plantations of Ferké 1 sugar complex. It is a contribution to research efforts aimed at increasing the productivity of sugarcane varieties in the sugar fields. Also to support agricultural development and guarantee the income of planters. The sugarcane production data are from 2013 to 2017. Climatological data are measured and calculated continuously daily at the production site. In addition, the CMIP-5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) climate database at 1<sup></sup><sup>º </sup>× 1<sup>º</sup> horizontal resolution was used for the predictability of crop yields of the 5 sugarcane varieties in the near future (2021-2050) and far future (2056-2075) to improve the quality of climate services to producers. The statistical methodological approach by multiple linear regression associated with the significativity test shows important and significant coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.90) between the yields of sugarcane varieties with certain climatic parameters such as minimum and maximum temperatures, insolation, global solar radiation, and potential evapotranspiration. The impact of rainfall has not been directly evaluated because the linear models do not explicitly show sensitivities to this parameter and the total water requirements for the plot are completely assured by irrigation. The future climate projections analyzed only from extreme thermal parameters (Tmax and Tmin) highlight their strong sensitivities with yields from an idealized model. In this model, we have assumed that the water supply needed by sugarcane is always met by irrigation on different plots. Moreover, linear models do not evolve fast enough in time and changes due to external environmental constraints are not too important at the plot scale. The projected thermic parameters can thus constitute a limiting factor for the producibility of sugarcane varieties either by excess or by default. In addition, the linear models used allowed us to observe the behavior of yields with respect to observed past climatic conditions. However, for future yields, there is no way to know if these regressions have the ability to predict them since they are based on projected weather conditions (i.e. CMIP5 data) marked by uncertainties. Additionally, none of the regression equations have been tested against independent observations.
文摘This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability and water absorption capacity. Thus, in this study, the water-to-cement ratio was kept constant (0.45), the binder materials content for conventional mix was kept constant at (350 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the partial replacement of cement with RHASBA used was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The maximum compressive strength was noted at a 5% replacement level of cement with RHASBA. The Results showed that the optimum replacement of cement with RHASBA in concrete was 5%, which was found to increase the compressive strength by 15%, flexural strength by 3.4%, lowered permeability by 50%, lowered sorptivity by 11.34% as compared with control concrete at 90 days of curing time. The micro-structural test results further established that RHA and SBA have a high content of SiO<sub>2</sub> which enables them to be more reactive in concrete and also revealed that the presence of RHASBA depletes Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> crystals, converting it into CaH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Si (C-S-H gel) leading to the strengthening of bond within the concrete matrix.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760504)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-170303)+1 种基金Yunling Industry and Technology Leading Talent Training Program (2018LJRC56)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Yunnan Province。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish simple, efficient, stable, standardized and practical identification methods for sugarcane resistance to white leaf disease(SCWL), and promote the breeding for sugarcane resistance to SCWL. [Methods]The identification technology of sugarcane resistance to SCWL was systematically studied and explored from the aspects of sugarcane material treatment and planting, inoculation liquid preparation, inoculation method, disease investigation, grading standard formulation, etc., and two sets of simple, efficient, stable, standardized and practical accurate identification methods for sugarcane resistance to SCWL were created for the first time, namely, the seed cane coating inoculation method and the stem-cutting inoculation method at the growth stage. The seed cane coating inoculation method includes the steps of directly screening SCWL phytoplasma, extracting juice from cane and adding 10 times of sterile water to prepare an inoculation liquid, spraying seed cane on plastic film to keep moisture, planting the inoculated materials in barrels in an insect-proof greenhouse for cultivation, investigating the incidence rate 30 d after inoculation, and evaluating the disease resistance according to the 1-5 level standard. The method of stem-cutting inoculation includes the steps of directly screening sugarcane stems carrying SCWL phytoplasma and adding 10 times of sterile water to prepare an inoculation liquid, cultivating the identification materials in an insect-proof greenhouse, dropping 100 μl of the inoculation liquid into each root incision with a pipette gun at the age of 6 months, investigating the incidence rate 20 d after planting, and evaluating the disease resistance according to the 1-5 level standard. [Results] The two methods are similar to the natural transmission method. After inoculation, SCML occurred significantly, with high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The results of resistance identification were consistent with those of natural disease in the field. Through the two inoculation methods and field natural disease investigation, the resistance of 10 main cultivars to SCML was identified, which was true and reliable. [Conclusions] This study can provide standard varieties for identification of SCML resistance in the future.
文摘This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability and water absorption capacity. Thus, in this study, the water-to-cement ratio was kept constant (0.45), the binder materials content for conventional mix was kept constant at (350 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the partial replacement of cement with RHASBA used was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The maximum compressive strength was noted at a 5% replacement level of cement with RHASBA. The Results showed that the optimum replacement of cement with RHASBA in concrete was 5%, which was found to increase the compressive strength by 15%, flexural strength by 3.4%, lowered permeability by 50%, lowered sorptivity by 11.34% as compared with control concrete at 90 days of curing time. The micro-structural test results further established that RHA and SBA have a high content of SiO<sub>2</sub> which enables them to be more reactive in concrete and also revealed that the presence of RHASBA depletes Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> crystals, converting it into CaH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Si (C-S-H gel) leading to the strengthening of bond within the concrete matrix.
文摘This study aims to understand the current climatic trends and explain the possible losses of agricultural yields. To achieve this objective, this work characterized the evolution of extreme temperature indices in the sugar complexes of Ferké 1 and Ferké 2, two stations located in the northern part of C?te d'Ivoire. The onset and cessation dates of the rainy season and the length of the rainy season were investigated. The agricultural and climatic data were obtained from each sugar complex. The period of study ranges from 2002 to 2019 in Ferké 1 and Ferké 2. The results show significant upward trends in extreme temperature indices. The analysis of sugarcane yield associated with the different climatic parameters shows no significant results in general. However, on the Ferkessédougou sugar complexes, the results highlight that maximum and minimum temperatures could be the variables that influence most yield production. The maximum temperature with coefficients of 1.60 and 0.77 at Ferké 1 and Ferké 2 respectively seems to contribute to an increase in yield while the minimum temperature with coefficients of -0.98 and -0.22 at Ferké 1 and Ferké 2 respectively could lead to a loss in yield. The results obtained with the Single Linear Regression (SLR) and the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models also highlight the strong influence of minimum and maximum temperatures.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund(2022-PUMCH-A-146)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72074222)the Na-tional Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2005005).
文摘Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively,and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control,weight change,and its adverse events.Results The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients,7 males and 17 females,aged 46.08±14.15 years.Before RCS-supplemented diet,all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes(2.51±3.88 times/week),concurrent with neuroglycopenia(in 83.3% of patients)and autonomic manifestations(in 75.0% of patients),with the median fasting blood glucose(FBG)of 2.70(interquartile range[IQR]:2.50-2.90)mmol/L.The patients'weight increased by 0.38(IQR:0.05-0.65)kg per month,with 8(33.3%)cases developing overweight and 7(29.2%)cases developing obesity.All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection(23 cases)and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases(1 case).For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day,the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30(IQR:3.30-5.70)mmol/L,which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level[2.25(IQR:1.60-2.90)mmol/L;P<0.001].Of them,10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment[3.20(IQR:2.60-3.95)mmol/L vs.2.15(IQR:1.83-2.33)mmol/L;P<0.001].Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management[3.50(IQR:2.50-3.65)mmol/L vs.2.20(IQR:1.80-2.60)mmol/L;P<0.001],but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG.No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation.Mild diarrhea(2 cases)and flatulence(1 case)occurred,and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose.Conclusion The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.
基金The financial support from the National Pork Board,Des Moines,IA,USA,is greatly appreciated。
文摘Background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy.Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and pelleting.The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(NE)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs.Methods Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water.Twenty-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 periods.Oxygen consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were collected.Results Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(GE),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(AEE),and the concentration of NE were greater(P<0.05)in pelleted diets than in meal diets.Regardless of diet form,the ATTD of GE,N,and AEE,and the concentration of NE were increased(linear;P<0.05)by reducing the particle size of corn,but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;P<0.05).Conclusions Both pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE,but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.
基金Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2024R7)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nutrient management plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of sweet corn.A field experiment was conducted in consecutive two kharif seasons in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of various organic sources of nutrients in combination with inorganic sources on the yield and quality of sweet corn under new alluvial soils of West Bengal,India.Treatments were:T_(1):Control(without fertilizers);T_(2):100%recommended dose(RDF)of chemical fertilizers(CF)(RDF CF_(100%));T_(3):100%recommended dose of N(RDN)through vermicompost(VC)(RDN VC_(100%));T_(4):50 RDN through CF+50%RDN through VC(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN VC50%);T_(5):50%RDF through CF+50%RDN through organic source(OS)1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS_(150%));T6:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 2,Bioenzyme(liquid)(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS250%);T7:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 3,Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate[RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS350%];T8:50%RDN through VC+50%RDF through OS 1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN VC50%+RDN OS_(150%)).The OS of fertilizers were VC,SoliGro Gr(OS1)(Ascophyllum nodosum),Bioenzyme liquid(OS2),and Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate(OS3).The inorganic source was traditional CF applied at the RDF(150:75:75 kg ha^(−1) of N:P2O5:K2O).The VC was used to supply 100%RDN as one source or 50%RDN when combined with CF or OS.Maximum fruit yield(10.75 and 10.79 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)was recorded when RDF was substituted through CF only,being statistically at par with 50%CF+50%VC on a nitrogen equivalent basis(9.92 and 10.00 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)and 100%VC(8.22 and 8.32 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively).Compared to chemical sources of nutrients,VC-based treatments produced a larger percentage of large-size cob(>25 cm).The 100%VC increased antioxidant(8.35 and 8.45 mg g^(−1)),carotenoid(0.59 and 0.61 mg/100 g),and phenol(55.06 and 55.02 mg 100 g^(−1))content compared with its 50%dose in combination with other sources.The study revealed the potentiality of organic sources towards achieving improved cob quality of sweet corn.
文摘An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.
文摘Struvite (MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) produced synthetically from a stock solution of known phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations has been shown to be an effective, alternative fertilizer-P source for various crops, but little is known about the potential agronomic effectiveness of struvite created from an actual municipal wastewater source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil [i.e., Creldon silt loam (Oxyaquic Fragiudalf) and Calloway silt loam (Aquic Fraglossudalf) series], fertilizer-P source [i.e., synthetically produced electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECSTsyn), real-wastewater-derived ECST (ECSTreal), chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and an unamended control (UC)], and irrigation water type (i.e., tapwater and struvite-removed wastewater) on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and N, P, and magnesium (Mg) uptake in a 60-day, greenhouse potted-plant study. Crop growth and N, P, and Mg uptakes for the struvite treatments (i.e., CPST, ECSTsyn, and ECSTreal) were generally similar to or at least 1.2 times greater than MAP. The ECSTsyn material commonly had up to five times greater N, P, and Mg uptake in corn and soybean than any other fertilizer-P source. Struvite-removed wastewater resulted in at least 1.3 times lower dry matter and N, P, and Mg uptake than tapwater. Similar corn and soybean results from the struvite fertilizers among the various soil-water type combinations compared to MAP suggest that struvite generates similar crop responses as at least one widely used, commercially available, multi-nutrient fertilizer-P source.
基金the grant from National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFE0110000)the grant from Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.22JCYBJC00160).
文摘Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes based on the synergistic hypoglycemic effects.
基金financially supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of the Harbin University of Commerce (2019DS098)the Young Innovation Talents Project from the Harbin University of Commerce (2019CX31)the Graduate Innovation Fund from the Harbin University of Commerce (YJSCX2019–615HSD)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,an agricultural byproduct.The hypoglycemic effects of SCP-80-I on T2DM mice and its mechanisms were investigated in this study.SCP-80-I was found to significantly reduce blood glucose and lipid deposition levels in T2DM mice,as well as decrease serum leptin and increase adiponectin secretion.Interestingly,real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting results revealed that SCP-80-I could regulate the expression of several glycolipid metabolisms and insulin secretion genes and proteins,including 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPTI),and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the liver and AMPK,sirtuin1(Sirtl),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorycoactivator-1(PGC-1α),and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in the pancreas.To have a hypoglycemic effect,SCP-80-1 regulated glycolipid metabolism and islet cell function in the liver by regulating the AMPK/AC C/CPT1 signaling pathway and the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1αand AMPK/Sirtl/UCP2 signaling pathways.These findings improve our understanding of polysaccharides derived from sweet corncob and the use of SCP-80-I in the production of hypoglycemic foods.