Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital i...Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.展开更多
Five major porcine coronaviruses(COVs)have been identified which cause severe gastrointestinal(GI)and respiratory disease in pigs.They include transmissible gastroenteritis(TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),...Five major porcine coronaviruses(COVs)have been identified which cause severe gastrointestinal(GI)and respiratory disease in pigs.They include transmissible gastroenteritis(TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),porcine deltacoronavirus,porcine respiratory coronavirus,and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis.These diseases,especially TGEV and PEDV,have caused epidemics in Europe,Asia,and the Americas over the past 50 years,causing significant economic losses to swine producers.As pigs are a major protein source worldwide there is great interest in understanding,controlling,and preventing these diseases.These diseases have no cure,and current vaccines are not fully protective.On-farm prevention and biosecurity are difficult to enforce and have not stopped the spread of these diseases between herds.Recent advances in the immunology of porcine COVs has revealed that the immune response to porcine COVs shares many similarities with the response to human COVs,leading to increased interest in pigs as models for human disease.Highlights of these advances include the key role of local antigen presenting cells in the gastrointestinal tract in stimulating a protective immune response.This understanding has lead to new proposed vaccines.Advances in the understanding of the ways the viruses evade and degrade the host immune system have also lead to novel proposed therapies.Many of these therapies are in the early development stages,as researchers attempt to create efficacious,cost-effective,and practical therapies for these diseases.展开更多
A novel two-dimensional （2D） simulation method of positive corona current pulses is proposed. A control-volume- based finite element method （CV-FEM） is used to solve continuity equations, and the Galerkin finite e...A novel two-dimensional （2D） simulation method of positive corona current pulses is proposed. A control-volume- based finite element method （CV-FEM） is used to solve continuity equations, and the Galerkin finite element method （FEM） is used to solve Poisson＇s equation. In the proposed method, photoionization is considered by adopting an exact Helmholtz photoionization model. Furthermore, fully implicit discretization and variable time step are used to ensure the time-efficiency of the present method. Finally, the method is applied to a positive rod-plane corona problem. The numerical results are in agreement with the experimental results, and the validity of the proposed method is verified.展开更多
目的旨在通过对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控下施行新的胸痛流程对胸痛中心ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者救治指标与新型冠状病毒前情况的纵向对比,探讨如何进一步优化胸痛中心流程。...目的旨在通过对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控下施行新的胸痛流程对胸痛中心ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者救治指标与新型冠状病毒前情况的纵向对比,探讨如何进一步优化胸痛中心流程。方法选择中山大学附属第五医院(以下简称中大五院)胸痛中心由2019年2~9月行经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的STEMI患者共82例为A组;由2020年2~9月行PCI治疗的STEMI患者共99例为B组,主要通过对比2019年2~9月与2020年2~9月中大五院胸痛中心的STEMI患者“入门-导丝通过时间(door-to-balloon time,DBT)”与“STEMI患者症状到首次医疗接触(symptom to first medical contact,S2FMC)时间”、“首次医疗接触至首份心电图(first medical contact to electrocar-diograph,FMC2ECG)时间”、“导管室激活时间”及患者病死率来探讨疫情常态化防控对中大五院胸痛中心运作的影响以指导改进胸痛中心的流程。结果A组DBT为58(30~78)min,导管室激活时间为17(10~20.5)min,分别与B组的81(64~105)min和20(15~25)min相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。A组S2FMC时间为134(62~328)min,FMC2ECG时间3.0(1.0~5.0)min,与B组的110(48~293)min和2.0(1.0~5.0)min比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在新型冠状病毒疫情常态化防控的影响下,STEMI患者的DBT虽较前延长,但不增加STEMI患者的病死率。但DBT的延长将影响无直接PCI治疗条件医院的转运决策,并延缓STEMI患者的救治时间,对患者的治疗与预后产生不利影响。因此,如何合理在疫情常态化防控的背景下优化胸痛中心的运作并且缩短DBT依旧是需要探讨的重点。展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
文摘Five major porcine coronaviruses(COVs)have been identified which cause severe gastrointestinal(GI)and respiratory disease in pigs.They include transmissible gastroenteritis(TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),porcine deltacoronavirus,porcine respiratory coronavirus,and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis.These diseases,especially TGEV and PEDV,have caused epidemics in Europe,Asia,and the Americas over the past 50 years,causing significant economic losses to swine producers.As pigs are a major protein source worldwide there is great interest in understanding,controlling,and preventing these diseases.These diseases have no cure,and current vaccines are not fully protective.On-farm prevention and biosecurity are difficult to enforce and have not stopped the spread of these diseases between herds.Recent advances in the immunology of porcine COVs has revealed that the immune response to porcine COVs shares many similarities with the response to human COVs,leading to increased interest in pigs as models for human disease.Highlights of these advances include the key role of local antigen presenting cells in the gastrointestinal tract in stimulating a protective immune response.This understanding has lead to new proposed vaccines.Advances in the understanding of the ways the viruses evade and degrade the host immune system have also lead to novel proposed therapies.Many of these therapies are in the early development stages,as researchers attempt to create efficacious,cost-effective,and practical therapies for these diseases.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB209402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51177041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.12QX01)
文摘A novel two-dimensional （2D） simulation method of positive corona current pulses is proposed. A control-volume- based finite element method （CV-FEM） is used to solve continuity equations, and the Galerkin finite element method （FEM） is used to solve Poisson＇s equation. In the proposed method, photoionization is considered by adopting an exact Helmholtz photoionization model. Furthermore, fully implicit discretization and variable time step are used to ensure the time-efficiency of the present method. Finally, the method is applied to a positive rod-plane corona problem. The numerical results are in agreement with the experimental results, and the validity of the proposed method is verified.
文摘目的旨在通过对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控下施行新的胸痛流程对胸痛中心ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者救治指标与新型冠状病毒前情况的纵向对比,探讨如何进一步优化胸痛中心流程。方法选择中山大学附属第五医院(以下简称中大五院)胸痛中心由2019年2~9月行经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的STEMI患者共82例为A组;由2020年2~9月行PCI治疗的STEMI患者共99例为B组,主要通过对比2019年2~9月与2020年2~9月中大五院胸痛中心的STEMI患者“入门-导丝通过时间(door-to-balloon time,DBT)”与“STEMI患者症状到首次医疗接触(symptom to first medical contact,S2FMC)时间”、“首次医疗接触至首份心电图(first medical contact to electrocar-diograph,FMC2ECG)时间”、“导管室激活时间”及患者病死率来探讨疫情常态化防控对中大五院胸痛中心运作的影响以指导改进胸痛中心的流程。结果A组DBT为58(30~78)min,导管室激活时间为17(10~20.5)min,分别与B组的81(64~105)min和20(15~25)min相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。A组S2FMC时间为134(62~328)min,FMC2ECG时间3.0(1.0~5.0)min,与B组的110(48~293)min和2.0(1.0~5.0)min比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在新型冠状病毒疫情常态化防控的影响下,STEMI患者的DBT虽较前延长,但不增加STEMI患者的病死率。但DBT的延长将影响无直接PCI治疗条件医院的转运决策,并延缓STEMI患者的救治时间,对患者的治疗与预后产生不利影响。因此,如何合理在疫情常态化防控的背景下优化胸痛中心的运作并且缩短DBT依旧是需要探讨的重点。
