Myocardial perfusion echocardiography and coronary microvascular dysfunction

Our understanding of coronary syndromes has evolved in the last two decades out of the obstructive atherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries paradigm to include anatomo-functional abnormalities of coronary microcirculation. No current diagnostic technique allows direct visualization of coronary microcirculation,but functional assessments of this circulation are possible. This represents a challenge in cardiology. Myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) was a breakthrough in echocardiography several years ago that claimed the capability to detect myocardial perfusion abnormalities and quantify coronary blood flow. Research demonstrated that the integration of quantitative MCE and fractional flow reserve improved the definition of ischemic burden and the relative contribution of collaterals in non-critical coronary stenosis. MCE identified no-reflow and low-flow within and around myocardial infarction,respectively,and predicted the potential functional recovery of stunned myocardium using appropriate interventions. MCE exhibited diagnostic performances that were comparable to positron emission tomography in microvascular reserve and microvascular dysfunction in angina patients. Overall,MCE improved echocardiographic evaluations of ischemic heart disease in daily clinical practice,but the approval of regulatory authorities is lacking.

Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion and Systolic Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography and Two-dimensional Strain Echocardiography

The clinically applied value of myocardial perfusion and systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass surgery using real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography （RT-MCE） combined with two-dimensional strain echocardiography was assessed. Twenty patients underwent intravenous RT-MCE by intravenous injections of SonoVue before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. Two-dimensional images were recorded from the left ventricular four-chamber view, two-chamber view and the apical view before, and two weeks and three months after coronary artery bypass surgery, and the peak systolic longitudinal strain was measured. The results showed that myocardial perfusion was significantly increased after coronary artery bypass surgery in about 71.6% segments. In the group that myocardial perfusion was improved, the peak systolic longitu- dinal strain three months after bypass surgery was significantly higher than that before operation [（-15.78±5.91）% vs （-10.45±8.31）%, P〈0.05]. However, the parameters did not change in the group without myocardial perfusion improvement [（-10.33±6.53）% vs （-9.41±6.09）%, P〉0.05]. It was concluded that whether or not the improvement of myocardial perfusion can mirror the recovery trend of regional systolic function, two-dimensional strain echocardiography can observe dynamic change of regional systolic function. The combination of myocardial perfusion with two-dimensional strain echocardiography can more accurately assess the curative effectiveness of coronary artery bypass surgery.

Effect of puerarin on myocardial perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective To investigate the effects of puerarin (Pur) on myocardial perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods Thirty-seven patients with ACS were randomly divided into two groups:conventional treatment group (n= 17,11 males,range of age:32-80 years,average age:60.9±4.9 years) and Pur treatment group (n=20,12 males,range of age:40-76 years,average age:62.7±3.5 years).Patients in the conventional treatment group received standard treatment according to the current guidelines,while patients in the Pur treatment group received intravenous administration of Pur (500 mg/day) for 10 days plus conventional treatment.Real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) was performed to evaluate the change in myocardial perfusion index (MPI) and ventricular wall motion index (VWMI) at admission and 10 days after treatment.Results At 10 days after treatment,MPI was significantly higher (P【0.01) and VWMI significantly lower (P【0.01) in the Pur group comparing with those in the conventional group.Conclusions Puerarin might improve myocardial microcirculation perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients with ACS.

Cardiovascular outcomes and mortality after abnormal myocardial perfusion scans in the elderly:a retrospective study at a tertiary care institution

While the diagnostic and prognostic utility of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)myocardial perfusion scan(MPS)has been well established,[1,2]there is a paucity of literature evaluating SPECT MPS in elderly populations.Specifically,it is unclear whether the prognostic value of MPS diminishes as patients get older.We conducted this study to evaluate the role of SPECT MPS in risk-stratifying a large sample of elderly patients with or without known coronary artery disease(CAD)and hypothesized that abnormal MPS in patients over 75 years would be associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events.

Effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation and adverse events after interventional therapy in older patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND Bivalirudin,a direct thrombin inhibitor,is used in anticoagulation therapies as a substitute for heparin,especially during cardiovascular procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention.AIM To explore the effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation following an intervention and its influence on adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).METHODS In total,165 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial at our hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled in this study.From June 2020 to June 2022,elderly patients with ACS with complete data were selected and treated with interventional therapy.The study cohort was randomly divided into a study group(n=80,administered bivalirudin)and a control group(n=85,administered unfractionated heparin).Over a 6-mo follow-up period,differences in emergency processing times,including coronary intervention,cardiac function indicators,occurrence of cardiovascular events,and recurrence rates,were analyzed.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the study cohorts,with the observation group showing shorter emergency process times across all stages:Emergency classification;diagnostic testing;implementation of coronary intervention;and conclusion of emergency treatment(P<0.05).Furthermore,the left ventricular ejection fraction in the observation group was significantly higher(P<0.05),and the creatine kinase-MB and New York Heart Association scores were CONCLUSION In elderly patients receiving interventional therapy for ACS,bivalirudin administration led to increased activated clotting time achievement rates,enhanced myocardial reperfusion,and reduced incidence of bleeding complications and adverse cardiac events.

Comparison of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT) angiography based on conventional coronary angiography

Coronary artery disease is one of the most common and important health problems in the world. Early diagnosis of this disease is very important to treat before severe myocardial damage occurred. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) and computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) which evaluates regional myocardial perfusion and coronary arteries, respectively, are reliable and non-invasive methods in terms of coronary artery disease. In this study we aimed to compare MPS and CTCA based on conventional coronary angiography (CCA). Totally 60 patients were included in the study. CCA and MPS were performed to 30 patients;CCA and CTCA were performed to the rest of the patients (30 patients). Lesions were classified as mild, moderate and severe in these imaging methods. MPS and CTCA were compared with CCA by using chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. MPS and CTCA’s p values were found for left anterior descending artery (LAD) p: 0, p: 0.271;for circumflex artery (Cx) p: 0.256, p: 0.08 and for right coronary artery (RCA) p: 0.033, p: 0.271, respectively. Furthermore MPS and CTCA’s sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated 81% to 87%;70% to 49%;73% to 72%;54% to 72%;90% to 71%, respectively. CCA results were found more concordant with MPS for LAD and RCA lesions and more concordant with CTCA for Cx lesions. It was also found that positive predictive value of MPS and negative predictive value of CTCA were significantly higher than the others. As a result, MPS and CTCA were suggested as complementary techniques for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, not as alternatives to each other.

The Usefulness of Ryusei^&reg;Perfusion Balloon for Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome with Vulnerable Plaque

Background: Intracoronary thrombus followed by a rupture of unstable vulnerable plaque is a well-known cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The no reflow/slow flow phenomenon is sometimes observed during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) against ACS. It has already been shown that long inflation using a perfusion balloon (PB) is useful to remediate a coronary perforation. Thus, we investigated the usefulness of a PB for treating ACS. Methods: This study was a retrospective, single-center, observational study. One hundred-seven patients with ACS underwent PCI from January 2015 to December 2017 in our hospital. Fifty patients were treated by PB directly (PB group) and the remaining 57 patients were treated by another conventional balloon (C group). We used the Ryuseiò balloon (Kaneka, Japan) as a PB. The clinical outcome was the incidence of the no reflow or slow flow phenomenon, the incidence of using IABP. Results: One patient in the PB group demonstrated slow flow phenomenon temporarily, and the coronary flow was quickly restored by thromboaspiration. In contrast, nine patients in the C group had occurrences of no reflow/slow flow phenomenon. Although all patients in the C group required stenting, some patients (24%) of the PB group did not require stenting. Conclusion: We found that the use of PB had a favorable effect on the treatment of ACS. Some patients completed PCI without a need for stenting.

Contribution of Myocardial Perfusion’s Tomoscintigraphy in the Management of Coronarian Disease in Senegal: About 42 Cases

The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution to moscintigraphy of myocardial perfusion (TSMP) with 99mTc-sestamibi in the management of suspected or known coronary patients’s population. It included 42 patients with an average age of 57.02 &plusmn;9.77 years with extremes ranging from 36 to 77 years. The pre-test probability in 38 patients was high in 7 patients (18.42%), intermediate in 29 patients (76.31%) and low in 2 patients (5.26%). Patients with a high pre-test probability had a positive scintigraphy. Among the 26 patients who underwent transthoracic ultrasound (TTU), 10 with normal kinetics on trans-thoracic ultrasound (TTU) had positive scintigraphy. For 16 patients with TTU abnormalities, 6 had negative scintigraphy and 10 had positive scintigraphy. The TSMP was positive for 28 patients (66.66%). Among these patients, 16 had pure ischemia, 57.14% (16/28), 7 pure necrosis (25%), and 5 both necrosis and ischemia. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy remains a very contributory consideration in the management of coronary disease. This is synchronized with the electrocardiogram (ECG) and is an important diagnostic and prognostic tool for coronary artery disease. It also provides a good indication of coronary angiography.

Coronary Perfusion Pressure Response to High-Dose Intraosseous versus Standard-Dose Intravenous Epinephrine Administration after Prolonged Cardiac Arrest

Background: This study was done to compare coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) prior to the first rescue shock (RS) among a group of animals that received intraosseous (IO) epinephrine 0.1 mg/ kg (high-dose epinephrine [HDE]) with a group that received intravenous (IV) epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg (standard-dose epinephrine [SDE]) during cardiac arrest resuscitation using a swine model of prolonged out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from two IACUC approved protocols. Seventy-nine Yorkshire swine (25 - 35 kg) were surgically instrumented under anesthesia and VF was electrically induced. After 10 minutes of untreated VF in the IO study (n = 26) and 12 minutes of untreated VF in the IV study (n = 53), resuscitation commenced with closed chest compressions (CCC). A single dose of epinephrine (HDE IO or SDE IV, respectively) was given and flushed with saline. The CCC and RS attempts were standardized for all animals. The CPP was defined as aortic diastolic pressure minus right atrial diastolic pressure measured 2.5 minutes after medication delivery. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Baseline group characteristics were mathematically the same. Just prior to the first RS, HDE IO resulted in a mean CPP of 33.2 mmHg (95%CI: 26.6, 39.9), while SDE IV resulted in a mean CPP of 25.0 mmHg (95%CI: 20.5, 29.4). Conclusion: This observation study reaffirms the assertion that HDE IO may be required to generate CPP values similar to SDE IV during resuscitation of prolonged VF.

Restoring Coronary Perfusion Pressure before Defibrillation after Chest Compression Interruptions

Background: Sufficient coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) to provide myocardial reperfusion is required for defibrillation success after prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. Chest compression interruptions cause a precipitous drop in CPP. Objective: To quantify the ex- tent to which CPP recovers to pre-pause levels following chest compression interruptions. Me- thods: This was a secondary analysis of data from two similar IACUC approved protocols. A total of 105 Yorkshire swine were included and VF was electrically induced. After 10 minutes of untreated VF in the first study (n = 52) and 12 minutes of untreated VF in the second (n = 53), CPR began and epinephrine was administered approximately 2 minutes prior to a planned 10-second pause to record an artifact-free ECG waveform segment. Following this pause, CPR was resumed for 20- seconds prior to defibrillation. CPP data were extracted from three time points: 2 minutes after epinephrine delivery (CPP1);following the chest compression pause (CPP2);and immediately before defibrillation (CPP3). Our primary outcome was defined as the ratio of CPP recovery (CPP3- CPP2) to the drop in CPP (CPP1-CPP2). Results: Interrupting compressions resulted in a significant drop in CPP (29.8 mmHg [95%CI: 26.2, 33.4] to 6.8 mmHg [95%CI: 5.4, 8.2]). Resuming CPR for restored 83% (95%CI: 78%, 86%) of the CPP lost. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that 83% of the decline in CPP values during a planned 10-second interruption in CPR can be restored with a short period of precordial compressions prior to defibrillation.

Rest Thallium-201/Stress Technetium-99m Sestamibi Dual-Isotope Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Detecting of Chronic Coronary Artery Disease

To investigate diagnostic accuracy of 2-hour protocol of rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT in chronic coronary artery disease. Sixty-seven patients with suspected CAD were enrolled in the prospective study. All patients underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in SPECT with dual isotopes of T1-201 and dipyridamole stress Tc-99m sestamibi. Rest and stress imaging protocol were performed in 2 hours by dose of 3 mCi TI-201 and 25 mCi Tc-99m sestamibi. The acquisition parameters includes LEHR collimator, energy peak of 72 and 167 keV for T1-201 and 140 keV for Tc-99m, 180-degree rotation from RAO to LPO, matrix size 64x64, and 25second/frame/64 frames. The 20-segment model of left ventricle was used in automatic quantitation software. Coronary angiography was used as gold standard. CAD was defined as 50% of lumen stenosis on coronary angiography. Rest TI-201/stress tc-99m sestamibi dual-isotope SPECT demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.59% and specificity of 70%, positive predictive value of 79.54% and negative predictive value of 91.3% in detection of coronary artery disease. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting multi-vessel coronary artery disease were 82.75% and 81.57% for the left anterior descending, 77.77% and 91.83% for left circumflex and 94.11% and 82% for right coronary artery. 2-hour protocol of rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT has high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in detecting chronic coronary artery disease with greater than 50% stenosis assessed by coronary angiography Moreover, this imaging protocol gives high imaging quality, time-saving and convenience.

Diagnosing CAD: additional markers from myocardial perfusion SPECT

Over the past decades, stress/rest myocardial perfusion SPECT （MPS） has been utilized as a standard modality for the diagnosis, risk stratification and prognostic assessment of coronary artery disease （CAD）. In addition to the perfusion information, MPS can also provide functional information of the left ventricle, including volume, ejec- tion fraction, wall motion and dyssynchrony. This article introduces the incremental value of these non-perfusion parameters as markers and prognosticators of CAD.

Differential Impact of Appropriate Use Criteria on the Association between Age and Abnormal Stress Myocardial Perfusion SPECT

Background:The diagnostic and prognostic value of appropriate use criteria(AUC)for coronary artery disease(CAD)is well established.Whether the diagnostic yield of AUC for predicting CAD is preserved among the elderly is not known.Methods:We analyzed a multisite prospective cohort of 1511 consecutive patients(age 59±13 years,57%males)who underwent outpatient,community-based single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI).Appropriateness of the studies was determined on the basis of the 2013 multimodality AUC for detection and risk assessment of stable ischemic heart disease.Abnormal SPECT MPI was defi ned by either a summed stress score of 4 or greater or a summed difference score of 2 or greater.Results:Abnormal SPECT MPI was present in 190 patients(12.5%),while ischemia on MPI alone was present in 122 patients(8%).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,age of 60 years or greater,male sex,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and known CAD were independent predictors of abnormal SPET MPI,while appropriate indication for testing was not.Age of 60 years or greater was also an independent predictor of inducible myocardial ischemia,while appropriate indication for testing was not.Among the elderly(≥60 years),regardless of appropriateness of testing,there was no difference in the prevalence of abnormal SPECT(19 vs.14%,P=0.14)or prevalence of SPECT ischemia(11 vs.11%,P=1.00).Among younger patients,however,appropriate testing predicted a greater prevalence of abnormal SPECT(12 vs.7%,P=0.013).Conclusion:In this multisite cohort,testing based on AUC did not discriminate the risk of abnormal SPECT MPI among the elderly.Caution is advised when relying on AUC for referral of elderly patients for SPECT MPI.

三种冠状动脉内灌注用药方案对高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌灌注及短期预后的影响

目的探讨三种冠状动脉内灌注用药方案对高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后心肌灌注及短期预后的影响。方法前瞻性、单中心、随机对照研究。纳入2017年3月至2021年8月焦作市人民医院心内科高血栓负荷STEMI患者150例,按照分层区组随机化原则等分为三组各50例。A组:尼可地尔+替罗非班靶血管灌注;B组:尿激酶原+替罗非班靶血管灌注;C组:尼可地尔+尿激酶原+替罗非班靶血管灌注。于PCI术前、术后即刻检测记录梗死相关动脉(IRA)的心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、校正的TIMI血流帧数(CTFC);于PCI术前、术后24 h记录心电图的ST段回落幅度;记录IRA开通后24 h内Curtis-Walker评分及恶性心律失常例数;于PCI术前、术后0 h、12 h、24 h、3 d及7 d检测血清高敏肌钙蛋白I(hs-cTnI);于PCI术前、术后24 h及7 d检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD);于PCI术前、术后7 d、术后1个月、术后6个月及术后12个月检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)。随访记录患者住院期间及出院后30 d内的出血事件及术后12个月内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)。结果(1)PCI术后即刻,C组患者的TIMI血流分级、TMPG均优于A组(Z=-16.610,P=0.023;Z=-18.400,P=0.015)和B组(Z=-15.130,P=0.046;Z=16.550,P=0.035);C组患者的CTFC帧数低于A组(P<0.001)和B组(P=0.001)。(2)PCI术后,C组患者的血清hs-cTnI水平低于A组和B组(均为P<0.001)。(3)PCI术后,C组患者的MDA水平低于A组和B组(均为P<0.001),SOD水平高于A组(P=0.004)和B组(P=0.024)。(4)PCI术后24 h,C组患者的ST段回落幅度大于A组(P=0.003)和B组(P=0.012),Curtis-Walker评分及恶性心律失常发生率低于A组(P=0.008、0.015)和B组(P=0.014、0.034)。(5)PCI术后,C组患者的LVEF水平高于A组和B组(均为P<0.001)。(6)住院期间及出院后30 d内,三组患者均未发生大出血,少量出血和微量出血的发生率比较无统计学差异(χ^(2)=1.385,P=0.500);术后12个月内,C组患者的MACE发生率低于A组和B组(χ^(2)=7.400,P=0.025)。结论尼可地尔+尿激酶原+替罗非班靶血管灌注具有协同作用,可有效改善STEMI患者PCI术后的心肌灌注,减轻术后心肌损伤和氧化应激损伤,促进ST段回落,降低恶性心律失常发生率,有效促进心功能恢复,减少心血管不良事件,且不增加术后出血。

^(99m)Tc-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像对行沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗的冠心病患者心肌血流灌注及心功能的评估价值

目的:探究^(99m)Tc-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像(GMPI)评估冠心病患者沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗后心肌血流灌注及心功能的价值。方法:选取冠心病患者78例,入组患者均接受沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,采用^(99m)Tc-MIBI GMPI对患者的心肌血流灌注情况及心功能指标进行检测,并以超声心动图及冠状动脉造影结果为参照,对^(99m)Tc-MIBI GMPI检查的准确性进行探究。结果:患者经冠状动脉造影检查结果与患者经^(99m)Tc-MIBI GMPI检查心肌血流灌注结果比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),经卡帕一致性检验,KAPPA值为0.826,一致性较好。患者经冠状动脉造影检查结果与患者经^(99m)Tc-MIBI GMPI心功能结果[舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心输出量(CO)]比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05),经ICC一致性检验,ICC=0.812,一致性较好。治疗后与治疗前比较,患者的心肌血流灌注有所好转,患者完全闭塞、重度狭窄占比降低,轻度狭窄占比升高(均P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后患者的EDV、ESV水平降低,LVEF、CO升高(均P<0.05)。78例患者经过治疗,出现8例症状性低血压,2例轻度血管性水肿,6例肾功能损伤,3例高钾血症,并发症发生率约为24.36%。结论:^(99m)Tc-MIBI GMPI评估心肌血流灌注及心功能情况与超声心动图及冠状动脉造影结果相一致,可以准确地反映冠心病患者经沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗后的心肌血流灌注及心功能变化。经沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,患者的心肌血流灌注及心功能得到改善,但需要对患者的不良反应情况进行关注。

术中持续输注胰岛素对心肺转流心脏手术患者心肌血流灌注的影响

目的探讨术中持续输注胰岛素对心肺转流(CPB)心脏手术患者心肌血流灌注的影响。方法选择择期行CPB心脏手术患者48例,男21例,女27例,年龄55~80岁,BMI 18~28 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ—Ⅳ级。将患者随机分为两组:胰岛素组(I组,n=25)和对照组(C组,n=23)。两组采用相同麻醉方案。麻醉诱导后I组静脉输注胰岛素30 mU·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)、葡萄糖0.12 g·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)、氯化钾0.06 mmol·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)混合液,C组予以生理盐水10 ml/h输注,均输注至术毕。术中目标血糖值为6.1~11.1 mmol/L。于麻醉诱导后10 min(T_(2))和术毕(T_(6))行经食管超声心动图(TEE)检测,记录冠状静脉窦(CS)血流频谱、直径及肺静脉血流频谱,并计算CS净向前血流流速时间积分(VTI)。记录T_(2)、CPB前2 min(T_(3))、CPB结束时(T_(5))和T_(6)时的股动脉平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、每搏量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)及外周血管阻力指数(SVRI)。记录麻醉诱导前5 min(T_(1))、T_(3)、CPB后30 min(T_(4))、T_(5)、T_(6)、术后6 h(T_(7))、术后12 h(T_(8))及术后24 h(T 9)时血糖及乳酸浓度。记录术前1 d、术后1、2 d时超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、高敏肌钙蛋白I(hs-TnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平。结果与C组比较,I组T_(6)时CS净前向血流VTI及每分钟CS血流量均明显增加(P<0.05),肺静脉心房收缩期峰值流速(ARp)明显减小(P<0.05),T_(5)、T_(6)时SV和CI明显增大、SVRI明显降低(P<0.05),T_(7)、T_(8)时乳酸浓度明显降低(P<0.05),术后1、2 d时hs-CRP和CK-MB水平明显降低(P<0.05),术后2 d时hs-TnI明显降低(P<0.05)。结论CPB心脏手术中持续输注胰岛素,同时维持血糖6.1~11.1 mmol/L,可改善心肌血流灌注,减轻术后炎症反应及心肌损伤。

心血管磁共振心肌灌注成像联合CT血流储备分数预测阻塞性冠心病发生心血管不良事件的价值

目的 探讨心血管磁共振(CMR)心肌灌注成像联合CT血流储备分数(CT-FFR)参数对阻塞性冠心病患者心血管不良事件发生的预测价值。方法 选取2018年6月—2022年6月在河北北方学院附属第二医院治疗的180例阻塞性冠心病(冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50%)患者进行前瞻性研究。所有患者行CT血管成像及CMR心肌灌注成像检查,并通过现场随访或电话随访等方式,收集患者1年内的心血管不良事件发生情况。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归模型分析发生心血管不良事件的影响因素;ROC曲线评估不同的预测模型对心血管不良事件发生的预测效能。结果 发生心血管不良事件的患者共45例为观察组,其余135例为对照组。与对照组比较,观察组年龄、男性占比、吸烟者占比、总胆固醇水平、合并糖尿病者占比、合并高脂血症者占比、首过灌注时间及心肌延迟强化信号值等指标升高,CT-FFR及最大上升斜率(Slopemax)指标则降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将以上指标进一步做单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,得出年龄、男性、吸烟、合并糖尿病、合并高脂血症及首过灌注时间、心肌延迟强化信号值是阻塞性冠心病患者发生心血管不良事件的独立危险因素(P<0.05),CT-FFR及Slopemax是其保护因素(P<0.05)。仅使用临床参数(包括年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、高脂血症等疾病)时的ROC曲线下面积为0.721(95%CI:0.645~0.812);CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR的ROC曲线下面积为0.793(95%CI:0.713~0.873);在CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR的基础上加入临床参数的ROC曲线下面积为0.893(95%CI:0.835~0.952)。结论 CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR是阻塞性冠心病患者心血管不良事件发生的独立预测因素,在临床模型基础上加入CMR心肌灌注成像联合CT-FFR可显著提高对阻塞性冠心病患者心血管不良事件发生风险的预测效能。

症状性心肌桥冠状动脉定量血流分数与核素心肌灌注显像的相关性分析

目的分析症状性心肌桥(SMB)患者冠状动脉定量血流分数(QFR)与核素心肌灌注显像的相关性,探讨QFR在评估冠状动脉心肌桥引起心肌灌注缺血方面的临床意义。方法连续入组2020年9月至2023年6月因胸痛、胸闷等心肌缺血症状经冠状动脉造影确诊为前降支(LAD)SMB共203例(男性97例,女性106例),应用QFR分析软件对肌桥直径压缩狭窄程度进行定量测量后按Noble分级,分为Noble 1级组(126例)、Noble 2级组(25例)、Noble 3级组(52例);应用三维定量冠状动脉造影分析肌桥段收缩期(SG-QFR)、舒张期(DG-QFR)肌桥段区域心肌供血灌注情况,住院期间行核素心肌灌注显像检查。结果Noble 1、2及3级3组一般临床特征上仅在肌桥伴有病变方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组间DG-QFR分别为0.94±0.06、0.90±0.08、0.79±0.10(P=0.023);SG-QFR分别为0.89±0.08、0.76±0.09、0.71±0.07(P=0.045);核素负荷试验灌注缺损分别为18%、20%、60%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。核素负荷心肌核素灌注缺损与DG-QFR、SG-QFR相关性分析显示r分别为-0.55,-0.54(P<0.01)呈负相关。结论受到肌桥对心脏收缩和舒张活动的动态影响,D-QFR更能反映冠状动脉心肌桥对心肌缺血的影响,但仅提示和心肌灌注显像阳性间存在中等强度的负相关。

基于定量血流分数的冠状动脉真性分叉病变介入治疗术后分支灌注受损的危险因素分析

目的:拟利用基于Murray定律的定量血流分数分析冠状动脉真性分叉病变介入治疗术后无肉眼可见分支血流减慢而分支出现血流灌注受损的影响因素。方法:连续纳入2022年6月至2023年9月于湖南省人民医院接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的非左主干冠状动脉真性分叉冠心病患者211例,分叉病变共计234支。收集患者的一般临床指标、冠状动脉分叉病变的解剖学特征数据、分支保护方式、术后分支TIMI血流等资料,并对术后分支血管进行基于Murray定律的定量血流分数(μQFR)测定。PCI术后μQFR<0.8认为分支有灌注障碍,分为术后分支灌注受损组(n=51,53支分支病变),另μQFR≥0.8的患者为术后分支灌注正常组(n=160,181支分支病变)。通过多因素Logistic回归分析评估多种临床及解剖学因素对PCI术后分支灌注的影响。结果:所有患者PCI术后分支血流分级均为TIMI3级,术后分支灌注受损组53支(22.6%)血管术后分支μQFR为0.70±0.10,术后分支灌注正常组为0.93±0.05,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与术后分支灌注正常组比较,术后分支灌注受损组分支病变长度、分支参考直径、术后分支开口直径狭窄率、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率升高,主支与分支直径比、术前分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、术前主支μQFR降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后分支开口直径狭窄率(r=-0.490,P<0.001)、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(r=-0.788,P<0.001)、术前分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(r=-0.280,P<0.001)、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径(r=-0.469,P<0.001)、分支病变长度(r=-0.157,P=0.016)与术后分支μQFR呈显著负相关,分支参考直径(r=0.173,P=0.008)、主支分支直径比(r=0.194,P=0.003)、术后分支开口直径(r=0.328,P<0.001)与术后分支μQFR呈正相关,与临床基线资料均无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示共有4个因素是术后分支灌注受损的危险因素:术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(OR=1.228,95%CI:1.144~1.318,P<0.001),术后分支开口直径狭窄率(OR=1.110,95%CI:1.055~1.168,P<0.001),术后主支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(OR=1.115,95%CI:1.042~1.192,P=0.001),分支病变长度(OR=1.121,95%CI:1.021~1.231,P=0016)。结论:PCI术后分支血流达到TIMI 3级的患者中仍有部分存在血流动力学障碍,PCI术后应积极行功能学评估。术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、术后分支开口直径狭窄率、术后主支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、分支病变长度是冠状动脉分叉病变PCI术后分支灌注障碍的危险因素。

影响心肌血流下降的因素及其价值研究

目的探讨传统单光子发射计算机断层成像(SPECT)获取的心肌灌注显像、半定量参数以及冠脉造影结果、临床参数对心肌缺血的影响。方法回顾性分析2022年6月至2022年10月在南京医科大学第一附属医院(江苏省人民医院)完成CZT-SPECT检查的116例临床疑似或确诊的冠心病患者临床资料,最终纳入39例患者。以三支主要冠脉区域心肌血流储备功能<2.1作为心肌缺血的诊断标准,绘制冠脉狭窄程度、区域负荷灌注积分(SS)、静息灌注积分(RS)和灌注积分差(DS)诊断心肌缺血的ROC曲线以获得最佳截断值和相应的诊断效能,通过逐步回归法建立预测模型,绘制ROC曲线。结果共计117支主要血管,其中判定为心肌缺血的有36支(30.77%)。冠脉狭窄程度、SS、RS和DS诊断心肌缺血的ROC曲线最佳截断值分别为53%、3.5、1.5、1.5,准确性分别为75.2%、74.4%、70.9%、72.6%,ROC曲线的AUC及95%CI分别为0.78(0.68~0.87)、0.64(0.53~0.74)、0.58(0.49~0.66)、0.65(0.55~0.75)。冠脉狭窄程度、血管区域心肌灌注显像、SS、RS和DS等单因素有意义的指标联合预测心肌缺血的ROC曲线的AUC及95%CI为0.79(0.69~0.88)。逐步回归法踢除变量后,最终模型预测心肌缺血的ROC曲线的AUC及95%CI为0.84(0.76~0.92)。结论SPECT心肌灌注显像中SS>3.5、DS>1.5、RS>1.5对预测心肌缺血有一定的意义,联合多个指标(冠脉造影结果、SS、DS、RS、心肌灌注显像)预测显著提高了对心肌缺血的诊断价值。