Intellectual Capital, Corporate Culture and Performance of Firms Listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange

The broad objective of this study was to establish the moderating effect of corporate culture on the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance of firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The review of literature provided conceptual and empirical gaps that formed the basis of the conceptual hypotheses. Two hypotheses were deduced from general objective： Intellectual capital has a significant influence on corporate performance; corporate culture moderates the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance. A cross-section research design was adopted. A survey questionnaire was the main tool of data collection and was distributed to the 50 heads of human resource departments in the different firms＇ period covering four financial years from 2009 to 2012. The study also utilized secondary data obtained from Capital Market Authority Statistical bulletins and Nairobi Securities Exchange Handbook 2012-2013 to collect data on financial performance （ROA, ROE, and Dividend Yield）. Data were tested for reliability results showing that study dimensions were reliable, apart from task-oriented culture that had a Cronbach alpha of 0.262, thus being not considered for further analysis; thus the study relied on employee-oriented culture as a measure of corporate culture. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that intellectual capital had a significant influence on non-financial performance and no significant influence on financial measures of performance （ROA, ROE, and Dividend Yield）. Test for moderation showed that the interaction term was not significant and thus, employee-oriented culture did not moderate the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance. The study demonstrates importance of the influence of intellectual capital on non-financial performance of firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The results show that interplay among human capital, social capital, and organization capital is important for firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange and that the firms should nurture the employees into sharing their knowledge by creating internal and external networks and also creating support system within the organization to retain the knowledge.

The study of corporate culture＇s influence on enterprise management innovation

It is well known to us that people are the core force of the survival and development of enterprise, and on the other hand, enterprise is both an organization of individuals and an interest organization which is based on clear development goals and the distributing and integrating existing. Culture is the temperament and style reflecting of the spirit and the consciousness of human beings and even the individuals. Enterprise is an organization which unites the established development goals and the individuals. Naturally, this humanistic enterprise groups should have a certain ＂temperament＂ and ＂style.＂ Compared with the persons, this temperament and style, is the result of the collision, agitation, adjustments, tuning and optimized, representing the collective personality. Instead leaded by the individual consciousness, it is collective, organizational personality and style expressed by individual deeds and awareness and. In other words, corporate culture is a long-term production and business activities in the form of consciousness, and the comprehensive reflection of the business purpose, values and ethical conduct abided by the majority of employees.

Impact of corporate culture on the development of business management based on the perspective of the corporate culture of innovation

With the development of the knowledge economy and economic globalization, the competition among enterprises is increasingly reflected in culture competition. The increasingly role of corporate culture on the survival and development of enterprises becomes the cornerstone of competitiveness and the key factor of success of enterprise. In this case, the study, use and practice of corporate culture under the new situation, are very important. Creating a people-oriented and innovation -oriented corporate culture, can provide the most effective and the most long-lasting platform to a strategic enterprise managemem. Throughout the history of the development of successful companies, all have a protbund precipitation of their own culture. But corporate culture is the most obscure area of business management, so far the most challenging part to each enterprise, it is reflected in the values, morale and the way businesses communicate, but also in the staff behavioral habits. This shows that the corporate culture is closely related to the survival and development of enterprises, determining the survival of enterprises. Building enterprise culture naturally has become a hot topic, but also an indispensable factor to establish a scientifically administrative system.

Research on Construction of Corporate Culture Based on Knowledge Management

With the advent of knowledge, knowledge has become a key resource of economic increase and growth. More and more enterprises begin to adopt knowledge management to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, however, knowledge management is not simply the use of information technology, but need to establish corresponding corporate culture environment. Therefore, building corporate culture adapting to knowledge management is an important concern.

Primary Exploration on the Integration and Countermeasures of College Campus Culture and Corporate Culture

College should serve local economy closer,enterprise structure upgrading also improves requirements for personnel,so a collision and integration of college campus culture and corporate culture is accelerating.This paper starts from the relationship explication between the two cultures and the significance explication of their melange,in view of the problem of integration of this two culture,the paper propose five countermeasures:put the essence of enterprise culture into the“3-outlooks”and“3-styles”education,capture the key of two culture integration,establish the main line of integration,integrate college practice education resources,and promote undergraduate innovative and entrepreneurial ability.

Impacts of Corporate Culture on Merger

By studying the cultural background and corporate culture in China, Japan and USA, this paper analyzes the effects of cultural background and corporation culture on the transaction cost and the efficiency of control right, thus shows that cultural backgrounds have great impact on merger. This paper further studies the choice and application of the mode of culture combination of the transnational merger.

The effect of corporate culture on firm performance:Evidence from China

This study examines whether corporate culture promotion affects firm performance in China in terms of firm market value, firm financial performance and innovation output. We find consistent evidence that corporate culture promotion is negatively related to firm market value, positively related to innovation output and not significantly related to firm financial performance. In addition,the negative effect of corporate culture promotion on firm market value is driven by small firms and firms located in less developed provinces. Furthermore,we find that some specific corporate culture promotions, such as innovation culture promotion and integrity culture promotion, are not related to firm value or financial performance. However, innovation culture promotion is positively associated with innovation output.

Should the‘Wolf Spirit' Be Enshrined as Corporate Culture?

Jiang Rong's novel Wolf Totem was a hit in 2004, generating in many people a longing for the "wolf spirit." Before long, the totem began to be widely worshipped in the corporate world. As wolf chic gained momentum, a series of books such as The Way of Wolves, The Wolf Spirit of Enterprises, The Soul of Wolves and Think Like Wolves rolled off the printing presses,

Contemporary Values of Confucianism and the Effectiveness of Internal Control in Corporate Management:Compatibility between Management Culture and Systems in Chinese Enterprises

Based on data from China’s A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2017,this paper examines the influence of the contemporary values of Confucianism,namely benevolence,righteousness,propriety,wisdom,and fidelity on the effectiveness of internal control.It indicates a significant positive correlation between the contemporary values of Confucianism and the effectiveness of internal control.Furthermore,this positive influence is noticeable in family-owned businesses but is unobserved in foreign-invested enterprises in China.In addition,the contemporary values of Confucianism enhance internal control quality through two pathways:promotion incentives and corporate reputation.In regions with lower degrees of openness,lower levels of rule of law and slower marketization,or in companies facing operational crises,the contemporary values of Confucianism have a more pronounced effect on enhancing the effectiveness of internal control.The contemporary values of Confucianism have strengthened the ability of internal control to decrease agency costs and mitigate the negative influence of internal control on risk-taking.

A Comprehensive Audit of Corporate Social Responsibility

As enterprises expand globally, the social value of their operations is assessed on the full range of their contribution to society. Enterprises must be profitable to succeed, but they also should strategically align their operations so far as feasible and sustainable in order to address related social needs. This alignment includes not only the beneficial design and quality of goods and services an enterprise produces, but also enhancing the beneficial effects that its full range of business processes, systems, and practices have on society. A comprehensive enterprise corporate social responsibility （CSR） audit is based on two comprehensive social systems models---one of society as a whole and another of the corporate organization. By juxtaposing these two models--which are mirror images of each other--an enterprise can identify various points where its activities intersect with relevant social needs and can configure its operations so far as feasible to alleviate pressing social issues. Using a comparative cost-benefit analysis, the enterprise determines which systems, processes, and activities need to configure or adapt in order to better address the societal needs that are most critical for its success. They may require the enterprise to re-design products or services, develop new activities or desist in others, or reconfigure processes or systems. Thus, enterprises must decide which options are most feasible in light of the societal benefit they are likely to produce. As creatures of society, enterprises have much to gain by strengthening civil society and addressing its most pressing needs whenever possible within the limits of its commercial mission. What action to take depends upon the firm＇s cost-benefit analysis.

An International Answer to Capturing Corporate Criminality

In the era of increased corporate globalization, the lingering principles of directing mind and will have plagued neighboring territories from manufacturing a realist model of corporate fault. It is of fundamental importance to combat transnational corporate activity from a world order perspective by establishing a legal regime which supports the philosophy that corruption becomes entrenched within the corporate culture. A culture that is indicative of corporate guilt. This paper will suggest that the corporate culture doctrine within the Australian Criminal Code Act 1995 is the first step in the courses of action required against the evolution of structurally complex corporate arrangements.

Regional Dialect Diversity and Corporate Strategic Aggressiveness

As an important role of the regional culture,dialects have a significant influence on the corporate strategy.Diversity of dialects appears to move firms towards strategic radicalization by weakening the“hometown effect”,enhancing innovation awareness,and increasing the diversification of business.Using A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2018 as sample,based on information from the annual financial statements,this paper argues that higher dialect diversity in the city where enterprise is located leads the corporate strategy to be more aggressive;and the mismatch between strategy and dialectal environment will have a negative effect on corporate performance.After a series of robustness tests and using instrumental variables to solve endogenous problems,the conclusions remain consistent.Further study indicates that the influence of dialect diversity on strategy is enhanced as managers’awareness of the dialectal environment increases,but is weaken if the enterprise is a state-owned enterprise or has larger scale.This research reveals the connection between dialect culture and corporate behavior form a strategic level,provides empirical evidence and enriches the literature for the traditional view of“culture influences strategy”,and has significance on promoting the corporate strategic management practices.

The Organizations’Psychological Environment Traits Modification When Adopting an Ethics and Compliance Program

Ethics and compliance programs have a direct linkage to key tenets of employee behaviors.The employee behaviors are building blocks of the organizations’psychological environment traits.They are characterized by role identity,self-awareness,motivation,and misconduct.It is crucial to unravel the diversity of the perspectives of the programs to design an appropriate framework of the relationship between ethics and compliance and organizational psychology.According to Weinstein(2019),“Compliance is a fundamental pillar of any corporate operation and culture,and it should be based upon the principles of transparency,impartiality,responsibility,integrity,professionalism and ethics”.While“Ethics goes beyond what the law requires.It involves doing the right thing and following both the spirit and not just the letter of the law”.The founding facets of effective ethics and compliance are culture,leaders,and risks management.Policies and procedures that integrate these factors reduce the risks of non-compliance.The organization psychological environment aligns with key characteristics of the workplace such as physical setting,culture,and job characteristics.Aspects such as noise,heat,and lighting measures may considerably impact concentration,thus affecting psychological well-being.According to Ruiz-Palomino,Martínez-Cañas,and Fontrodona(2013,p.173),ethical culture directly impacts an individual’s emotional and well-being,which characterizes organizational psychology.Culture and ethics influence perceived corporate support and social exchange,which trigger ethics and compliance.

Effectiveness of Communications of“Airbnb”

This report analyzes the effective and ineffective communication of Airbnb.First,it presents the mission statement and explains what the mission coveys to the insiders and outsiders of Airbnb.Second,it illustrates corporate culture in the order of the development of Airbnb.Then,using the BCG matrix and customer profile,it outlines how the market is divided and who target populations are.It also describes how to identify and approach stakeholders and considers the use of quantitative data collection methods to position key stakeholders.Besides,it provides different ways of communication to different stakeholders.Nevertheless,some ineffective communications still exist.For them,some recommendations are discussed and concluded.

Resisting the Violences of ＂Market Normalisation＂： The Importance of Critical Pedagogies for Critical Criminology

The neo-liberal re-positioning of the educational-explorative realm to a vocational market-confinement has already impacted quite heavily on the educational sector in England and Wales and is now being imposed on a European wide scale. However, global as well as European students＇ protests illustrate that resistance to this ideology is gathering pace, and not only involves students and academics but also reaches wider parts of societies. This paper seeks to demonstrate the need for critical pedagogical practices that seek to sensitise students to the modes of current ＂conditions of domination＂. It further suggests critical criminologists to foster and engage in a process of public, intellectual, and intercultural exchange of ideas about education and educational institutions away from merely rationalistic, one-dimensional and profit-orientated ambitions toward a multitude of exchanges about meanings and purposes of such important socio-cultural and political institutions and processes that shape ＂subjectivities＂, inter-subjectivities and thus entire socio-cultural and political spheres. Such processes and active engagements are crucial to the agenda of critical criminologists, and perhaps most importantly, vital to the continued existence of a critical criminology that understands itself as proper ideology critique.

Three Different Approaches to Virtue in Business- Aristotle, Confucius, and Lao Zi

The proposed paper presents an overview on the matter of virtue from different philosophical angles. It concentrates on three different schools of thought coming from the West and the East and their respective concepts of virtue. These schools of thought and the therewith-associated personalities and works discussed in this paper are Aristotelian virtue ethics, Confucianism and Daoism. The paper focuses specifically on the Nicomachean Ethics （NE） by Aristotle, the Analects belonging to Confucianism, and the Dao De Jing coming from Daoism. The paper is divided into three major parts. First, the concept of virtue of each school is outlined. In the second part, the concrete virtues as such according to each school are explained. In the third part, these virtues are then applied in specific business contexts like business practice, corporate culture and leadership, illuminating each school＇s characteristic approach. The paper closes with a summary and conclusion. In the conclusion the paper outlines differences as well as similarities between Aristotelian and Confucian virtue ethics. Yet, the author generally takes a critical stance towards comparisons merely for the sake of finding similarities. Particularly between Aristotelian and Confucian virtue ethics there is a significant difference when it comes to the cultural and historical background of these schools, which should not be ignored. Besides, even within Chinese philosophy there are already significant differences when it comes to concepts and practice.