采用B1-corrected variable-flip-angle(VFA)的定量动态增强MRI在乳腺良恶性病变的研究`

目的探讨采用B1-corrected VFA技术的定量动态增强(Dynamic Contrast Enhancement,DCE)MRI在乳腺良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法前瞻性研究本院63例乳腺疾病患者,行3.0 T DCE-MR检查,结合B1-corrected VFA技术获得T1值,在此基础上计算出DCE-MRI定量参数:容量转移常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)和血管外细胞外间隙容积比(Ve),对乳腺恶性、良性及正常腺体组获得的定量参数行Kruskal-Wallis检验;最后绘制ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线。结果恶性肿瘤组Ktrans、Kep、Ve中位数(最小值最大值)分别为0.010(0.0010.118)min-1、0.145(0.0020.863)min-1、0.058(0.0020.611);良性病变组Ktrans、Kep、Ve中位数为0.238(0.0090.740)min-1、0.365(0.0201.012)min-1、0.517(01810.923);正常腺体组Ktrans、Kep、Ve中位数为0.812(0.1212.352)min-1、1.147(0.3282.363)min-1、0.712(0.4041.183)。Kruskal-Wallis检验显示三组间Ktrans、Kep、Ve P<0.05,均有统计学意义;良恶性组间、恶性与正常组间的Ktrans、Kep、Ve差异有统计学意义,而良性和正常组之间的Ve值无统计学意义。三者AUC分别为0.875、0.957、0.707,三者判断乳腺良恶性变的Ktrans、Kep、Ve敏感度分别为93.8%、97.9%、45.8%;特异度分别为66.7%、86.73%、86.7%。结论结合B1-corrected VFA序列测量的3.0T DCE-MRI参数Ktrans、Kep、Ve可以反映乳腺良恶性病变的血流灌注特征,可用于乳腺病变良恶性的鉴别诊断。

Thermodynamics in a quantum corrected Reissner-Nordstr?m-AdS black hole and its GUP-corrections

We calculate the thermodynamic quantities in the quantum corrected Reissner-Nordstr?m-AdS(RN-AdS)black hole,and examine their quantum corrections.By analyzing the mass and heat capacity,we give the critical state and the remnant state,respectively,and discuss their consistency.Then,we investigate the quantum tunneling from the event horizon of massless scalar particle by using the null geodesic method,and charged massive boson W^(±)and fermions by using the Hamilton-Jacob method.It is shown that the same Hawking temperature can be obtained from these tunneling processes of different particles and methods.Next,by using the generalized uncertainty principle(GUP),we study the quantum corrections to the tunneling and the temperature.Then the logarithmic correction to the black hole entropy is obtained.

Assessing the Performance of a Dynamical Downscaling Simulation Driven by a Bias-Corrected CMIP6 Dataset for Asian Climate

In this study,we aim to assess dynamical downscaling simulations by utilizing a novel bias-corrected global climate model(GCM)data to drive a regional climate model(RCM)over the Asia-western North Pacific region.Three simulations were conducted with a 25-km grid spacing for the period 1980–2014.The first simulation(WRF_ERA5)was driven by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5(ERA5)dataset and served as the validation dataset.The original GCM dataset(MPI-ESM1-2-HR model)was used to drive the second simulation(WRF_GCM),while the third simulation(WRF_GCMbc)was driven by the bias-corrected GCM dataset.The bias-corrected GCM data has an ERA5-based mean and interannual variance and long-term trends derived from the ensemble mean of 18 CMIP6 models.Results demonstrate that the WRF_GCMbc significantly reduced the root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)of the climatological mean of downscaled variables,including temperature,precipitation,snow,wind,relative humidity,and planetary boundary layer height by 50%–90%compared to the WRF_GCM.Similarly,the RMSEs of interannual-tointerdecadal variances of downscaled variables were reduced by 30%–60%.Furthermore,the WRF_GCMbc better captured the annual cycle of the monsoon circulation and intraseasonal and day-to-day variabilities.The leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF)shows a monopole precipitation mode in the WRF_GCM.In contrast,the WRF_GCMbc successfully reproduced the observed tri-pole mode of summer precipitation over eastern China.This improvement could be attributed to a better-simulated location of the western North Pacific subtropical high in the WRF_GCMbc after GCM bias correction.

Assessment of corrected time-step method for nominal ionospheric gradient calculation: A comparative analysis with spatial approaches

The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is generally obtained from Continuously Operating Reference Stations data by using the spatial single-difference method(mixed-pair,station-pair,or satellite-pair)or the temporal single-difference method(time-step).The time-step method uses only a single receiver,but it still contains ionospheric temporal variations.We introduce a corrected time-step method using a fixed-ionospheric pierce point from the geostationary equatorial orbit satellite and test it through simulations based on the global ionospheric model.We also investigate the effect of satellite paths on the corrected time-step method in the region of the equator,which tends to be in a more north–south direction and to have less coverage for the east–west ionospheric gradient.This study also addresses the limitations of temporal variation correction coverage and recommends using only the correction from self-observations.All processes are developed under simulations because observational data are still difficult to obtain.Our findings demonstrate that the corrected time-step method yieldsσvig values consistent with other approaches.

Corrected Formula of Bed Resistance Coefficient for Plane Numerical Simulation of Tidal Current

By means of a logarithm law for the velocity profile, a corrected formula of bed resistance coefficient, which involves many factors such as gradient of still water depth, variation of surface elevation, flow direction, and so on, is derived from the 3D governing equations of tidal current by averaging over the whole water depth. Theoretical analysis and application have shown that the 2D plane tidal current numerical model would be more reasonable and could be applied to steep bottom topography when the corrected bed resistance coefficient is used, therefore the results of reproduction simulation and engineering calculation would be more scientific and reasonable.

First-principles study of structrural and corrected band properties of wurtzite Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO and Zn_(1-x)Mg_xO systems

A first-principles method based on density functional theory （DFT）,a generalized gradient approximation （GGA）,and a projector-augmented wave （PAW） are used to study the structual and band properties of wurtzite Zn1-xCdxO and Zn1-xMgxO （0 ≤ x ≤ 1） ternary alloys.By taking into account all of the possible structures,the band gaps of Zn1-xCdxO and Zn1-xMgxO alloys are corrected and compared with experimental data.

Simulation of the 3D viscoelastic free surface flow by a parallel corrected particle scheme

In this work, the behavior of the three-dimensional （3D） jet coiling based on the viscoelastic Oldroyd-B model is investigated by a corrected particle scheme, which is named the smoothed particle hydrodynamics with corrected symmetric kernel gradient and shifting particle technique （SPH_CS_SP） method. The accuracy and stability of SPH_CS_SP method is first tested by solving Poiseuille flow and Taylor-Green flow. Then the capacity for the SPH_CS_SP method to solve the viscoelastic fluid is verified by the polymer flow through a periodic array of cylinders. Moreover, the convergence of the SPH CS_SP method is also investigated. Finally, the proposed method is further applied to the 3D viscoelastic jet coiling problem, and the influences of macroscopic parameters on the jet coiling are discussed. The numerical results show that the SPH_CS_SP method has higher accuracy and better stability than the traditional SPH method and other corrected SPH method, and can improve the tensile instability.

Bias-Corrected Short-Range Ensemble Forecasts for Near-Surface Variables during the Summer Season of 2010 in Northern China

A running mean bias （RMB） correction ap- proach was applied to the forecasts of near-surface variables in a seasonal short-range ensemble forecasting experiment with 57 consecutive cases during summer 2010 in the northern China region. To determine a proper training window length for calculating RMB, window lengths from 2 to 20 days were evaluated, and 16 days was taken as an optimal window length, since it receives most of the benefit from extending the window length. The raw and 16-day RMB corrected ensembles were then evaluated for their ensemble mean forecast skills. The results show that the raw ensemble has obvious bias in all near-surface variables. The RMB correction can remove the bias reasonably well, and generate an unbiased ensemble. The bias correction not only reduces the ensemble mean forecast error, but also results in a better spreaderror relationship. Moreover, two methods for computing calibrated probabilistic forecast （PF） were also evaluated through the 57 case dates： 1） using the relative frequency from the RMB-eorrected ensemble; 2） computing the forecasting probabilities based on a historical rank histogram. The first method outperforms the second one, as it can improve both the reliability and the resolution of the PFs, while the second method only has a small effect on the reliability, indicating the necessity and importance of removing the systematic errors from the ensemble.

Corrected QT interval in cirrhosis:A systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Corrected QT(QTc)interval is prolonged in patients with liver cirrhosis and has been proposed to correlate with the severity of the disease.However,the effects of sex,age,severity,and etiology of cirrhosis on QTc have not been elucidated.At the same time,the role of treatment,acute illness,and liver transplantation(Tx)remains largely unknown.AIM To determine the mean QTc in patients with cirrhosis,assess whether QTc is prolonged in patients with cirrhosis,and investigate whether QTc is affected by factors such as sex,age,severity,etiology,treatment,acute illness,and liver Tx.METHODS In the present systematic review and meta-analysis,the searching protocol“{[QTc]OR[QT interval]OR[QT-interval]OR[Q-T syndrome]}AND{[cirrhosis]OR[Child-Pugh]OR[MELD]}”was applied in PubMed,EMBASE,and Google Scholar databases to identify studies that reported QTc in patients with cirrhosis and published after 1998.Seventy-three studies were considered eligible.Data concerning first author,year of publication,type of study,method used,sample size,mean age,female ratio,alcoholic etiology of cirrhosis ratio,Child-Pugh A/B/C ratio,mean model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score,treatment withβ-blockers,episode of acute gastrointestinal bleeding,formula for QT correction,mean pulse rate,QTc in patients with cirrhosis and controls,and QTc according to etiology of cirrhosis,sex,Child-Pugh stage,MELD score,and liver Tx status(pre-Tx/post-Tx)were retrieved.The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale appraised the quality of the eligible studies.Effect estimates,expressed as proportions or standardized mean differences,were combined using the randomeffects,generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.Subgroup,sensitivity analysis,and meta-regressions were applied to assess heterogeneity.RESULTS QTc combined mean in patients with cirrhosis was 444.8 ms[95%confidence interval(CI):440.4-449.2;P<0.001 when compared with the upper normal limit of 440 ms],presenting high heterogeneity(I2=97.5%;95%CI:97.2%-97.8%);both Egger’s and Begg’s tests showed non-significance.QTc was elongated in patients with cirrhosis compared with controls(P<0.001).QTc was longer in patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis when compared with Child-Pugh B and A(P<0.001);Child-Pugh B patients presented longer QTc when compared with Child-Pugh A patients(P=0.003).The MELD score was higher in patients with cirrhosis with QTc>440 ms when compared with QTc≤440 ms(P<0.001).No correlation of QTc with age(P=0.693),sex(P=0.753),or etiology(P=0.418)was detected.β-blockers shortened QTc(P<0.001).QTc was prolonged during acute gastrointestinal bleeding(P=0.020).Tx tended to improve QTc(P<0.001).No other sources of QTc heterogeneity were revealed.CONCLUSION QTc is prolonged in cirrhosis independently of sex,age,and etiology but is correlated with severity and affected byβ-blockers and acute gastrointestinal bleeding.QTc is improved after liver Tx.

Correction:Nanomaterial-Based Repurposing of Macrophage Metabolism and Its Applications

Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in the last author’s name,it was mistakenly written as“Jun Den”.The correct author’s name“Jun Deng”has been updated in this Correction.

A Design of Forming Hods on Machining Corrected Cycloidal Gears

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A corrected method of distorted printed circuit board image

This paper proposes a corrected method of distorted image based on adaptive control. First, the adaptive control relationship of pixel point positions between distorted image and its corrected image is given by using polynomial fitting, thus control point pairs between the distorted image and its corrected image are found. Secondly, the value of both image distortion centre and polynomial coefficient is obtained with least square method, thus the relationship of each control point pairs is deduced. In the course of distortion image processing, the gray value of the corrected image is changed into integer with bilinear interpolation. Finally, the experiments are performed to correct two distorted printed circuit board images. The results are perfect and the mean square errors of residual error are tiny.

基于Mori-Tanaka方法的功能梯度厚壁圆筒近似热弹性理论解

【目的】功能梯度厚壁圆筒的热弹性问题存在不考虑组分材料微观结构影响,已有文献只给出了基于Mori-Tanaka方法功能梯度厚壁圆筒受力学和热学荷载的数值解,并且只考虑了球形夹杂这一单一夹杂形状的情形。【方法】基于Mori-Tanaka方法对功能梯度厚壁圆筒的热弹性问题进行分析,给出了一种近似热弹性理论解,该理论解不仅与数值解契合度高,而且可以考虑夹杂形状对物理量的影响,最后分析了不同边界条件下夹杂形状对径向位移和各向应力的影响。【结果】结果显示,在两种边界下,夹杂形状对径向位移都有较大的影响;但在温度边界下,夹杂形状对径向应力有较大影响,对轴向应力和周向应力影响较小;在应力边界下,夹杂形状对轴向应力影响较大,对周向应力和径向应力影响较小。

Correction of Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries Associated with Cardiac Anomalies

Reported in this paper are 8 cases of corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with anomalies. All the patients underwent the repair of the ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect, the replacement of left-side tricuspid valve, the pulmonary valvotomy and the placement of extra-cardiac conduit to the pulmonary trunk respectively with no hospital death after operation.The paper also described the selection of the heart incision, the prevention of injury of the conduction system and indication of the placement of extra-cardiac conduit.

Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ebstein’s Anomaly, Dysplasia of the Mitral Leaflets and Persistence of Left Superior Vena Cava in an Adult

Introduction: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cc-TGA) is a congenital heart disease rarely described among adult population, especially if it is associated with other abnormalities such as Ebstein’s anomaly and abnormal origin of coronary arteries. Case presentation: Twenty-two-year-old woman admitted to intensive care unit with acute decompensated heart failure. The transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. The left-sided atrioventricular valve, in this case, the tricuspid valve, showed apical displacement of the septal valve suggesting Ebstein’s anomaly. The computed tomography corroborated these findings and additionally showed a left superior vena cava and an abnormal origin of the coronary arteries. The patient is in NYHA functional class II, receiving treatment with diuretic, digitalis, beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Conclusion: This is a very interesting case of an adult in the third decade of life with cc-TGA associated with abnormalities not described in the literature that had reached adulthood. Noninvasive images play an important role in its diagnosis.

The application of the strip-shaped cymba conchae orthosis in the nonsurgical correction of complex auricular deformity

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a strip-shaped cymba conchae orthosis for the nonsurgical correction of complex auricular deformities. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 2020 to 2021 for 6 patients who underwent correction using a stripshaped cymba conchae orthosis. The indications, corrective effects, and complications associated with use of the orthosis were analyzed. Results: There were four indications for treatment: cryptotia with helix adhesion;cryptotia with grade I microtia;cryptotia with excessive helix thickness;and auricular deformity beyond the treatment time window(≥6 months). Excellent corrective effects were observed in all 6 patients. Complications occurred in one patient, who recovered after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: The use of a strip-shaped cymba conchae orthosis alone or combined with a U-shaped helix orthosis presents a feasible approach for correcting complex auricular deformities or deformities beyond the treatment time window in pediatric patients.

Rainfall Variability under Present and Future Climate Scenarios Using the Rossby Center Bias-Corrected Regional Climate Model

This study sought to determine the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall under past and future climate scenarios. The data used comprised station-based monthly gridded rainfall data sourced from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) and monthly model outputs from the Fourth Edition of the Rossby Centre (RCA4) Regional Climate Model (RCM), which has scaled-down nine GCMs for Africa. Although the 9 Global Climate Models (GCMs) downscaled by the RCA4 model was not very good at simulating rainfall in Kenya, the ensemble of the 9 models performed better and could be used for further studies. The ensemble of the models was thus bias-corrected using the scaling method to reduce the error;lower values of bias and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) were recorded when compared to the uncorrected models. The bias-corrected ensemble was used to study the spatial and temporal behaviour of rainfall under baseline (1971 to 2000) and future RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios (2021 to 2050). An insignificant trend was noted under the baseline condition during the March-May (MAM) and October-December (OND) rainfall seasons. A positive significant trend at 5% level was noted under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios in some stations during both MAM and OND seasons. The increase in rainfall was attributed to global warming due to increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Results on the spatial variability of rainfall indicate the spatial extent of rainfall will increase under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenario when compared to the baseline;the increase is higher under the RCP 8.5 scenario. Overall rainfall was found to be highly variable in space and time, there is a need to invest in the early dissemination of weather forecasts to help farmers adequately prepare in case of unfavorable weather. Concerning the expected increase in rainfall in the future, policymakers need to consider the results of this study while preparing mitigation strategies against the effects of changing rainfall patterns.

413 CASES OF ABNORMAL FETAL POSITION CORRECTED BY AURICULAR PLASTER THERAPY

The authors corrected the abnormal fetal posi-tion in 413 cases of pregnant women by the auri-cular plaster therapy(APT)with a success rate of83.3%—remarkably higher than treatment by knee-chest positioning.Further analysis showed that APTwas also supperior to the knee-chest positioning forprimiparae,breech fetal position,and pregancies over33 weeks.The authors also noted the clinical signsof successful cases and failures.

Analysis of S^(p)_(q) current systems by using corrected geomagnetic coordinates

The S^p_q equivalent current system of the quiet day geomagnetic variation in the polar region is very complicated. It is composed of several currents, such as the ionospheric dynamo current and the auroral electrojet caused by the field aligned current. S p q is unsymmetrical in both polar regions. In this paper, the S p q current systems are analyzed in the corrected geomagnetic coordinates (CGM) instead of the conventional geomagnetic coordinates (GM), and the symmetries of the S p q current in different systems are compared. Then the causes of S p q asymmetry in the GM coordinates are discussed; the effects of each component in S p q are determined.

Interpretation of Adiabatic and Diabatic Populations from Trajectories of Branching Corrected Surface Hopping

The branching corrected surface hopping(BCSH)has been demonstrated as a robust approach to improve the performance of the traditional fewest switches surface hopping(FSSH)for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of standard scattering problems[J.Chem.Phys.150,164101(2019)].Here,we study how reliable populations of both adiabatic and diabatic states can be interpreted from BCSH trajectories.Using exact quantum solutions and FSSH results as references,we investigate a series of one-dimensional two-level scattering models and illustrate that excellent timedependent populations can be obtained by BCSH.Especially,we show that different trajectory analysis strategies produce noticeable differences in different representations.Namely,the method based on active states performs better to get populations of adiabatic states,while the method based on wavefunctions produces more reliable results for populations of diabatic states.