The decoding algorithm for the correction of errors of arbitrary Mannheim weight has discussed for Lattice constellations and codes from quadratic number fields.Following these lines,the decoding algorithms for the co...The decoding algorithm for the correction of errors of arbitrary Mannheim weight has discussed for Lattice constellations and codes from quadratic number fields.Following these lines,the decoding algorithms for the correction of errors of n=p−12 length cyclic codes(C)over quaternion integers of Quaternion Mannheim(QM)weight one up to two coordinates have considered.In continuation,the case of cyclic codes of lengths n=p−12 and 2n−1=p−2 has studied to improve the error correction efficiency.In this study,we present the decoding of cyclic codes of length n=ϕ(p)=p−1 and length 2n−1=2ϕ(p)−1=2p−3(where p is prime integer andϕis Euler phi function)over Hamilton Quaternion integers of Quaternion Mannheim weight for the correction of errors.Furthermore,the error correction capability and code rate tradeoff of these codes are also discussed.Thus,an increase in the length of the cyclic code is achieved along with its better code rate and an adequate error correction capability.展开更多
The Cramer–Rao lower bound on range error is modeled for pseudo-random ranging systems using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes. The theoretical results are shown to agree with the Monte Carlo simulation, satisfying b...The Cramer–Rao lower bound on range error is modeled for pseudo-random ranging systems using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes. The theoretical results are shown to agree with the Monte Carlo simulation, satisfying boundary evaluations. Experimental tests prove that range errors caused by the fluctuation of the number of photon counts in the laser echo pulse leads to the range drift of the time point spread function. The function relationship between the range error and the photon counting ratio is determined by using numerical fitting.Range errors due to a different echo energy is calibrated so that the corrected range root mean square error is improved to 1 cm.展开更多
Introduction Errors are unavoidable in language learning, however, to a great extent, teachers in most middle schools in China regard errors as undesirable, a sign of failure in language learning. Most middle schools ...Introduction Errors are unavoidable in language learning, however, to a great extent, teachers in most middle schools in China regard errors as undesirable, a sign of failure in language learning. Most middle schools are still using the grammar-translation method which aims at encouraging students to read scientific works and enjoy literary works. The other goals of this method are to gain a greater understanding of the first language and to improve the students’ ability to cope with difficult subjects and materials, i.e. to develop the students’ minds. The practical purpose of using this method is to help learners pass the annual entrance examination. "To achieve these goals, the students must first learn grammar and vocabulary,... Grammar is taught deductively by means of long and elaborate explanations... students learn the rules of the language rather than its use." (Tang Lixing, 1983:11-12)展开更多
Based on the modern monetary theory, this paper analyze the relation between interest rate policy and Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange by using event study and co\|integration model method. We point out that the i...Based on the modern monetary theory, this paper analyze the relation between interest rate policy and Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange by using event study and co\|integration model method. We point out that the interest rate policy have some abnormal effects on the stock market in short time and have negative effects on the stock market in long run. The influence of the interest rate is different on Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange.展开更多
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through research groups program under grant number R.G.P.1/85/42.
文摘The decoding algorithm for the correction of errors of arbitrary Mannheim weight has discussed for Lattice constellations and codes from quadratic number fields.Following these lines,the decoding algorithms for the correction of errors of n=p−12 length cyclic codes(C)over quaternion integers of Quaternion Mannheim(QM)weight one up to two coordinates have considered.In continuation,the case of cyclic codes of lengths n=p−12 and 2n−1=p−2 has studied to improve the error correction efficiency.In this study,we present the decoding of cyclic codes of length n=ϕ(p)=p−1 and length 2n−1=2ϕ(p)−1=2p−3(where p is prime integer andϕis Euler phi function)over Hamilton Quaternion integers of Quaternion Mannheim weight for the correction of errors.Furthermore,the error correction capability and code rate tradeoff of these codes are also discussed.Thus,an increase in the length of the cyclic code is achieved along with its better code rate and an adequate error correction capability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61101196 and 61271332)the Natural Science Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.168JB510015)
文摘The Cramer–Rao lower bound on range error is modeled for pseudo-random ranging systems using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes. The theoretical results are shown to agree with the Monte Carlo simulation, satisfying boundary evaluations. Experimental tests prove that range errors caused by the fluctuation of the number of photon counts in the laser echo pulse leads to the range drift of the time point spread function. The function relationship between the range error and the photon counting ratio is determined by using numerical fitting.Range errors due to a different echo energy is calibrated so that the corrected range root mean square error is improved to 1 cm.
文摘Introduction Errors are unavoidable in language learning, however, to a great extent, teachers in most middle schools in China regard errors as undesirable, a sign of failure in language learning. Most middle schools are still using the grammar-translation method which aims at encouraging students to read scientific works and enjoy literary works. The other goals of this method are to gain a greater understanding of the first language and to improve the students’ ability to cope with difficult subjects and materials, i.e. to develop the students’ minds. The practical purpose of using this method is to help learners pass the annual entrance examination. "To achieve these goals, the students must first learn grammar and vocabulary,... Grammar is taught deductively by means of long and elaborate explanations... students learn the rules of the language rather than its use." (Tang Lixing, 1983:11-12)
文摘Based on the modern monetary theory, this paper analyze the relation between interest rate policy and Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange by using event study and co\|integration model method. We point out that the interest rate policy have some abnormal effects on the stock market in short time and have negative effects on the stock market in long run. The influence of the interest rate is different on Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
