Correlation method estimation of the modulation signal in the weak equivalence principle test

In a test of the weak equivalence principle （WEP） with a rotating torsion pendulum, it is important to estimate the amplitude of the modulation signal with high precision. We use a torsional filter to remove the free oscillation signal and employ the correlation method to estimate the amplitude of the modulation signal. The data analysis of an experiment shows that the uncertainties of amplitude components of the modulation signal obtained by the correlation method are in agreement with those due to white noise. The power spectral density of the modulation signal obtained by the correlation method is about one order higher than the thermal noise limit. It indicates that the correlation method is an effective way to estimate the amplitude of the modulation signal and it is instructive to conduct a high-accuracy WEP test.

Correlations between direct and indirect strength test methods

The difficulties associated with performing direct compression strength tests on rocks lead to the development of indirect test methods for the rock strength assessment. Indirect test methods are simple, more economical, less time-consuming, and easily adaptable to the field. The main aim of this study was to derive correlations between direct and indirect test methods for basalt and rhyolite rock types from Carlin trend deposits in Nevada. In the destructive methods, point load index, block punch index, and splitting tensile strength tests are performed. In the non-destructive methods, Schmidt hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests are performed. Correlations between the direct and indirect compression strength tests are developed using linear and nonlinear regression analysis methods. The results show that the splitting tensile strength has the best correlation with the uniaxial compression strength.Furthermore, the Poisson's ratio has no correlation with any of the direct and indirect test results.

Tensile strength of sea ice using splitting tests based on the digital image correlation method

The splitting test is a competitive alternative method to study the tensile strength of sea ice owing to its suitability for sampling.However,the approach was questioned to the neglect of local plastic deformation during the tests.In this study,splitting tests were performed on sea ice,with 32 samples subjected to the regular procedure and 8 samples subjected to the digital image correlation method.The salinity,density,and temperature were measured to determine the total porosity.With the advantage of the digital image correlation method,the full-field deformation of the ice samples could be determined.In the loading direction,the samples mainly deformed at the ice-platen contact area.In the direction vertical to the loading,deformation appears along the central line where the splitting crack occurs.Based on the distribution of the sample deformation,a modified solution was derived to calculate the tensile strength with the maximum load.Based on the modified solution,the tensile strength was further calculated together with the splitting test results.The results show that the tensile strength has a negative correlation with the total porosity,which agrees with previous studies based on uniaxial tension tests.

MODAL PARAMETERS EXTRACTION WITH CROSS CORRELATION FUNCTION AND CROSS POWER SPECTRUM UNDER UNKNOWN EXCITATION

In most of real operational conditions only response data are measurable while the actual excitations are unknown, so modal parameter must be extracted only from responses. This paper gives a theoretical formulation for the cross-correlation functions and cross-power spectra between the outputs under the assumption of white-noise excitation. It widens the field of modal analysis under ambient excitation because many classical methods by impulse response functions or frequency response functions can be used easily for modal analysis under unknown excitation. The Polyreference Complex Exponential method and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm using cross-correlation functions in time domain and Orthogonal Polynomial method using cross-power spectra in frequency domain are applied to a steel frame to extract modal parameters under operational conditions. The modal properties of the steel frame from these three methods are compared with those from frequency response functions analysis. The results show that the modal analysis method using cross-correlation functions or cross-power spectra presented in this paper can extract modal parameters efficiently under unknown excitation.

USING CROSS-CORRELATION THEORY TO EXTRACT MODAL PARAMETERS IN FREQUENCY- DOMAIN

Conventional modal parameter identifications are usually based on frequencyresponse functions, which require measurements of both the input force and the resulting response.However, in many cases, only response data are available while the actual excitations (such aswind/wave load) are not measurable. Modal parameters estimation must base itself on response-onlydata. Over the past years, many time-domain modal parameter identification techniques fromoutput-only are proposed. A poly-reference frequency-domain modal identification scheme onresponse-only is presented. It is based on coupling the cross-correlation theory with conventionalfrequency-domain modal parameter extraction. An experiment using an airplane model is performed toverify the proposed method.

A review of welding residual stress test methods

Due to local uneven heating during the welding process,the residual stress of the structure after welding affects the reliability of it.In order to ensure the reliability,it is of great significance to test the residual stress distribution of the welded joint.It has always been the focus to find a simple and feasible method for residual stress testing to quickly and accurately obtain the residual stress distribution of welded joints.The mechanical measurement method has high measurement accuracy,convenient and easy operation,but it will cause certain damage to the components.Physical measurement method can avoid damage to components,but its test cost is usually high,and its measurement accuracy can also be affected by the material microstructure characteristics of welded components.Based on the advantages and disadvantages of these two residual stress test methods,a modal test method is proposed.This method is a non-destructive measurement method.Based on the mathematical relationship between the residual stress of the welded structure and the natural frequency(mathematical model),the natural frequency is measured through the modal test to calculate the residual stress quickly.However,it is difficult to establish a mathematical model with this method,and it is not suitable for realization.

Dynamic analysis and modal test of long-span cable-stayed bridge based on ambient excitation

To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.

Dynamic Characteristics of a Curved Cable-stayed Bridge:Operational Modal Testing and FE Modeling

This paper summarizes the analytical and experimental dynamic analyses carried out to assess the actual dynamic behaviour of a curved cable-stayed bridge,recently erected in the commercial harbour of Porto Marghera ( Venice,Italy). Ambient vibration tests were carried out to determine the dynamic characteristics of the bridge and more than 20 modes were identified in the frequency range 0～10Hz. In the theoretical study,a 3D FE model of the bridge was developed using an integrated CAD-FEA approach; subsequently,the information obtained from the field tests,combined with simple manual tuning,provided a linear elastic model,accurately fitting the modal parameters of the bridge in its present condition.

基于灰色关联分析的断层突水阶段化感知方法

为提升煤矿断层水害感知水平,提出一种以断层活化演变机制和关键控制因素识别的断层突水阶段化感知方法,通过断层突水演化过程相似模拟试验研究工作面底板与断层破坏的演化特征,以底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压等为阶段监测参数,揭示各监测参数与涌水量变化的阶段特征;结合灰色关联性分析法,判定断层突水阶段转化的关键控制因素,进而根据断层突水分析与研究过程,提出断层突水阶段化感知方法。结果表明:底板破坏带、断层裂隙带的应力,导水通道内的水压等监测参数的数值变化特征在断层活化突水过程中呈现出明显的阶段特征,控制因素与涌水量的灰色关联度排序为:底板破坏带应力>断层裂隙带应力>导水通道水压,通过对关键控制因素的识别,可实现断层突水阶段的感知,揭示基于灰色关联分析的感知方法在原理上具备可行性。

模态测试不确定性影响因素分析及传感器布置应用

模态测试结果的准确性会受测试数据采集、数据处理、建模假设和参数估计等不确定性因素的影响.为研究模态测试中模态参数的不确定性水平及不同影响因素对其的影响规律,本文采用状态空间模型和费希尔信息矩阵的快速模态参数不确定性分析方法,探讨包括振动信号的采样时长、采样频率、采样信噪比和结构的阻尼比等多种因素对模态参数不确定性水平的影响,同时提出利用模态参数不确定性水平来优化传感器布置策略的实用性建议.结果表明:模态参数的不确定性水平随采样时长、采样频率、信噪比和传感器数量的增加而降低,随结构阻尼比的增大而升高;对于均匀分布结构,多数传感器布置在结构顶部和中上部,少数布置在中下部时,模态参数的整体不确定性水平较低,是一种相对较优的传感器布置方案.

基于单高速相机3D-DIC的涡轮叶片全场振动测量

采用成本较低、结构紧凑且使用便捷的单高速相机三维数字图像相关方法(single-camera high-speed three-dimensional digital image correlation,简称SCHS 3D-DIC)对涡轮叶片的振动特性进行试验研究。首先,介绍了测量装置和原理,以悬臂铝板为对象开展验证试验,结果证明了该测量系统的准确性与有效性;其次,开展了叶片的全场振动特性测量,得到了其三维形貌、模态特性、全场位移与应变分布,获得了叶片在振动载荷作用下的高应变区域位置及应变分布特点。研究表明,SCHS 3D-DIC方法相比常规双高速相机3D-DIC方法具有更高的视场利用率,适合于细长型的涡轮叶片的振动测量试验。

Relationship between repeated triaxial test and Hamburg wheel tracking test on asphalt mixtures

Both the repeated triaxial test （RTT） and the Hamburg wheel tracking test （HWTT） are adopted to evaluate the high temperature performance of the stone mastic asphalt （SMA） and the mastic asphalt （MA）. The correlation of the permanent deformations of the MA and the correlation of the deformation developments of the SMA between the two tests are analyzed, respectively. Results show that both the two tests can effectively identify the high temperature performance of mixtures, and the correlation between the final results of the two tests as well as that between the deformation developments of the two tests are excellent with R20.9. In order to further prove the correlation, viscoelastic parameters estimated from the RTT results is used to simulate the rutting development in the HWTT slabs by the finite element method （FEM）. Results indicate that the correlation between the two tests is significant with errors less than 10%. It is suitable to predict the rutting development with the viscoelastic parameters obtained from the RTT.

多途混响环境中声扩频信号线性与相关性分析

为分析浅海多途信道中声扩频信号的相关性和线性,建立了计入频率衰减与海底损耗的浅海Pekeris波导虚源法计算模型;对浅海中的脉冲信号与扩频信号进行了仿真计算,通过混响室试验初步研究了多途混响环境中扩频信号的线性。仿真结果显示:虚源法和简正波法的频域解一致,得到了与简正波理论相同的低频模式频散现象,验证了虚源法适用于浅海理想波导、Pekeris波导中的低频问题;当发生模式频散,低频扩频信号的相关性能强于同扩频参数的高频信号。试验结果表明:低频脉冲的时域波形发生畸变、展宽时,同频率的扩频信号能准确测出反射信号的几何时延,证明了低频多途效果仍可看作每个“路径”信号的线性叠加。

试验模态分析方法及其在航空飞行器中的应用综述

试验模态分析是通过试验测定结构固有振动特性的方法,其分析结果主要用于结构动力学模型修正,并为结构动力学分析、气动弹性分析和振动控制设计提供数据支撑。本文系统梳理了国内外有关试验模态分析方法的研究进展,从经典试验模态分析方法和现代试验模态分析方法两方面展开,总结了经典的相位共振法和相位分离法两大主流方法的基本原理,对近年来发展的试验模态分析方法进行了简单介绍,归纳了不同模态分析方法的特点。最后指出了试验模态分析方法现今存在的问题与未来可能的发展趋势。

基于相关性检验的VMD-LSTM耦合模型月径流模拟研究

近年来,极端强降雨和干旱事件频发,流域水文过程的不确定性变化加剧,使得流域中长期径流预测的难度增加。为提升LSTM(长短期记忆神经网络)模型对径流时序变化的捕捉及拟合能力,以博阳河流域为研究区域,选取月降雨、蒸发及流量数据,利用VMD(变分模态分解)和相关性检验,排除无关频率分量对LSTM模型规律学习的干扰,以达到模型输入优选的目的;此外,还考虑了VMD与LSTM模型的不同耦合方式对模型精度和稳定性的影响,最终优选出二者兼具的VMD-LSTM月径流耦合模式。结果表明:VMD-LSTM耦合模型可显著提升模拟精度,但在模型稳定性方面有所欠缺;而基于相关性检验的VMD-LSTM耦合模型不仅能够进一步提高模型精度,并且在模型的稳定性方面也有所改进。在基于相关性检验的VMD-LSTM耦合模型的不同耦合方式对比中,对输入、输出均进行VMD分解且对输入变量进行优选的D_(1)耦合方案的模拟效果最好,其60次模拟计算的NSE均为0.98以上且稳定性极佳;另外,在分析方案D_(1)的可解释性时发现历史径流对于LSTM模型的影响要比降雨和蒸发大。该研究结论可为流域水资源管理提供精准可信的中长期径流模拟成果。

线性和非线性去趋势化对土性波动范围影响分析

文章基于合肥市黏土层静力触探(cone penetration test,CPT)数据建立土性剖面随机场模型,探究线性和非线性去趋势化对土性波动范围计算结果的影响。利用线性和非线性去趋势方法对原始CPT数据进行去趋势化处理,对得到的波动分量进行平稳性和遍历性检验,采取相关函数法和空间递推法计算波动分量对应的土性波动范围,并讨论计算方法和取样间距对不同去趋势化方法的敏感性。结果表明:对于具有非线性趋势的数据,采用线性去趋势来处理会使得到的波动分量平稳性变差,导致最终计算得到的波动范围均值、标准差和变异系数增大,计算结果稳定性明显变差;相比于线性去趋势,非线性去趋势的适应性更强;此外相关函数法对不同去趋势化方法的敏感性要大于空间递推法,而取样间距不会影响数据整体的趋势性及对去趋势化处理方法的选择。

拉伸载荷下含缺陷管道宽板力学响应与断裂失效试验

为探究缺陷与焊缝的相对距离和夹角对X65螺旋埋弧焊钢管失效的影响,开展宽板拉伸试验,采用三维数字图像相关法分析轴向拉伸载荷下缺陷到焊缝的距离、缺陷与焊缝的夹角对管道宽板的力学响应和断裂失效行为的影响特征.结果表明:焊缝和缺陷的存在,以及缺陷到焊缝的相对距离和夹角对管道宽板的应变变化和断裂失效行为有影响,且不同的相对距离和夹角对其抗拉强度、应变分布和断裂失效行为的影响程度不同;当缺陷与焊缝的夹角为30°且当缺陷到焊缝的距离为39 mm时,管道宽板的抗拉强度最低、裂纹萌生及断裂失效所需位移载荷最小,此时其承载能力最差,最容易断裂失效.

基于时序聚类及改进Pettitt的系统谐波阻抗估计

针对谐波电压与电流数据出现严重无序性,导致常规非干预式方法难以对系统谐波阻抗进行准确的实时估计,提出一种基于时序聚类及改进Pettitt的系统谐波阻抗估计方法。首先,运用时序聚类中互相关系数原理使谐波电压和电流序列平移对齐并筛选出强相关性的数据。然后,为了规避阻抗突变的影响,提出基于二元分割的Pettitt方法对阻抗突变点进行检验。最后,使用再生权最小二乘法,通过赋权重系数进一步减小异常值对结果的影响。仿真与实例结果表明,本文方法可以有效降低背景谐波波动和阻抗突变对系统谐波阻抗估计带来的误差。

船用膜片联轴器的膜片组件简化建模方法及模态试验

针对船用膜片联轴器的膜片组件螺栓连接的复杂性问题,基于薄层单元法对膜片组件的有限元模型进行简化,提出一种新型简化建模方法——结构分割法。对模型静刚度进行计算,确定结构分割法中结合面单元的弹性模量和泊松比。该方法相较于传统的薄层单元法计算效率更高。将结构分割法模型的模态仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,结构分割法模态分析得到的振型与试验测得的前三阶振型吻合较好,固有频率误差均在10%之内,验证简化模型仿真的正确性,可为船用膜片组件结合部动力学快速有效建模提供思路。

三自由度载人离心机弹性边界下的模态测试研究

目的:针对三自由度载人离心机系统结构复杂、转动惯量高等特点,探讨其在弹性边界下的模态测试方法。方法:以三自由度载人离心机为测试对象,参照GJB 2706A—2008《航天器模态试验方法》和GB/T 11349.3—1992《机械导纳的试验确定冲击激励法》在离心机弹性边界下使用力锤作为激励源开展模态测试。每个激励位置锤击4次,对4次锤击数据进行线性平均计算后得出结果。利用三自由度加速度传感器、64通道数据采集仪收集数据,基于Test.Lab模态测试分析软件,采用频率响应函数对模态数据进行分析。结果:激励信号在30 Hz频段内相干系数不低于0.8;系统前3阶固有频率分别为9.15、15.66、19.22 Hz,均为扭转振型;在Z18和Z21激励位置下,系统一阶频率均为9.15 Hz左右,二阶和三阶频率也一致。结论:力锤测试法可用于三自由度载人离心机的模态测试,能够保障设备运行的安全性、提高受试者的舒适性,对指导后续的结构优化设计具有借鉴意义。