Quantitative traits correlative analysis and growth comparison among different populations of bay scallop,Argopecten irradians

The shell traits and weight traits are measured in cultured populations of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. The results of regression analysis show that the regression relationships for all the traits are significant (P<0.01). The correlative coefficients between body weight, as well as tissue weight with shell length, shell height and shell width are significant (P<0.05). But the correlative coefficients between the anterior and posterior auricle length with body weight as well as tissue weight are not significant (P>0.05). The multiple regression equation is obtained to estimate live body weight and tissue weight. The above traits except anterior and posterior auricle length are used for the growth and production comparison among three cultured populations, Duncan's new multiple range procedure analysis shows that all the traits in the Lingshuiqiao (LSQ) population are much more significant than those of the other two populations (P<0.01), and there is no significant difference between the Qipanmo (QPM) and Dalijia (DLJ) populations in all traits (P>0.05). The results indicate that the LSQ population has a higher growth rate and is expected to be more productive than the other two populations.

Effects of emodin on the proliferation of the glomerular mesangial cell and correlative cytokines in rats

Objective：To investigate the effects of emodin（EMD） on cell proliferation and correlative cytokines secretion of glomerular mesangial in rats. Methods：The effects of EMD on cell proliferation and IL-6, TGF-β1 secretion of glomerular mesangial in rats were observed. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT method. IL-6 and TGF-β1 secretion was detected with ELISA. Results：EMD was able to inhibit the cell proliferation and down-regulate the IL-6 and TGF-β 1 secretion of glomerular mesangial, as compared to the model group in rats （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion：EMD could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation, and reduce the creation of extracellular matrix（ECM）, this indicated that it could play an important role in alleviation and prevention of glomerular sclerosis. The mechanism may be that EMD can reduce the IL-6 and TGF-β1 secretion ofglomerular mesangial cell in rats.

Behavioral Feature and Correlative Detection of Multiple Types of Node in the Internet of Vehicles

Undoubtedly,uncooperative or malicious nodes threaten the safety of Internet of Vehicles(IoV)by destroying routing or data.To this end,some researchers have designed some node detection mechanisms and trust calculating algorithms based on some different feature parameters of IoV such as communication,data,energy,etc.,to detect and evaluate vehicle nodes.However,it is difficult to effectively assess the trust level of a vehicle node only by message forwarding,data consistency,and energy sufficiency.In order to resolve these problems,a novel mechanism and a new trust calculating model is proposed in this paper.First,the four tuple method is adopted,to qualitatively describing various types of nodes of IoV;Second,analyzing the behavioral features and correlation of various nodes based on route forwarding rate,data forwarding rate and physical location;third,designing double layer detection feature parameters with the ability to detect uncooperative nodes and malicious nodes;fourth,establishing a node correlative detection model with a double layer structure by combining the network layer and the perception layer.Accordingly,we conducted simulation experiments to verify the accuracy and time of this detection method under different speed-rate topological conditions of IoV.The results show that comparing with methods which only considers energy or communication parameters,the method proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in the detection of uncooperative and malicious nodes of IoV;especially,with the double detection feature parameters and node correlative detection model combined,detection accuracy is effectively improved,and the calculation time of node detection is largely reduced.

Analysis of Short-Shoot Fuji Apple Tree Structure and Correlative Factors

In order to clarify the correlation between short-shoot Fuji apple tree structure and different factors under different trimming and pruning modes,we investigate the trunk taperingness of free-spindle short-shoot Fuji and slender-spindle short-shoot Fuji,respectively,as well as the total thickness,average thickness,total length and average length of small main branches in the standard demonstration apple garden in Xingtang County of Hebei Province. By SPSS analysis,we study the correlation between trunk taperingness of trees with different shapes and the growth indices of their small main branches. The results show that the trunk taperingness of free-spindle short-shoot Fuji apple is negatively correlated with the total thickness,average thickness,total length and average length of small main branches,but the correlation is not significant; the trunk taperingness of slender-spindle short-shoot Fuji apple is negatively correlated with the total thickness but positively correlated with other factors,and the correlation with average length reaches a significant level. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for guiding the high-density dwarf rootstock short-shoot Fuji apple tree trimming technology.

HR and firm performance at companies in Turkey： Correlative analysis

Aim of this study is to discuss matters with HR and finn performance. Therefore, we used HR and firm performance questionnaire from Delaney and Huselid （1996）. HR variables include recruitment, training, compensation and promotion. Firm performance divided into organizational and market performance. Therefore, correlation analysis demonstrates that HR has positive and significant relationship with organizational performance, and HR has positive but weak relationship with market performance. Therefore, we can propose that HR is partly correlated with firm performance for those companies in sample. Therefore, since we didn＇t realize demography of companies in study, it is arguable, findings of this study can be generalized to other companies in Turkey.

Correlative Measurements of Fission Fragments and Light Particles（α，p）in Reactions of ^（40）Ar＋^（209）Bi，^（nat）Ag at 25MeV／u

Ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅ Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ Ｆｉｓｓｉｏｎ Ｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ Ｌｉｇｈｔ Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ（α，ｐ）ｉｎ Ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ^（４０）Ａｒ＋^（２０９）Ｂｉ，^（ｎａｔ）Ａｇ ａｔ ２５ＭｅＶ／ｕ￥ＷｕＥ?..

The use of “Objective Correlative” Theory in T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock

“Objective Correlative”theory was first proposed by T.S. Eliot, who holds that people’s emotion can find expression in a series of objective correlative. In his poem The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, the use of objective correlative fully reflects and reveals modern people’s loneliness, futility and alienation.

Probabilistic analysis of tunnel displacements based on correlative recognition of rock mass parameters

Displacement is vital in the evaluations of tunnel excavation processes,as well as in determining the postexcavation stability of surrounding rock masses.The prediction of tunnel displacement is a complex problem because of the uncertainties of rock mass properties.Meanwhile,the variation and the correlation relationship of geotechnical material properties have been gradually recognized by researchers in recent years.In this paper,a novel probabilistic method is proposed to estimate the uncertainties of rock mass properties and tunnel displacement,which integrated multivariate distribution function and a relevance vector machine(RVM).The multivariate distribution function is used to establish the probability model of related random variables.RVM is coupled with the numerical simulation methods to construct the nonlinear relationship between tunnel displacements and rock mass parameters,which avoided a large number of numerical simulations.Also,the residual rock mass parameters are taken into account to reflect the brittleness of deeply buried rock mass.Then,based on the proposed method,the uncertainty of displacement in a deep tunnel of CJPL-II laboratory are analyzed and compared with the in-situ measurements.It is found that the predicted tunnel displacements by the RVM model closely match with the measured ones.The correlations of parameters have significant impacts on the uncertainty results.The uncertainty of tunnel displacement decreases while the reliability of the tunnel increases with the increases of the negative correlations among rock mass parameters.When compared to the deterministic method,the proposed approach is more rational and scientific,and also conformed to rock engineering practices.

Antihypertensive and antioxidant activity of Cassytha filiformis L.:A correlative study

Objective: To study the blood pressure lowering effect of Cassytha filiformis extract in animal models of hypertension and its correlation with the antioxidant activity.Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: endocrine hypertension(HTN group) that received a combination of prednisone and salt for two weeks and oxidative stress-associated hypertension(HTN-OS group) that received additional induction of L-Nitro Arginine Methyl Esther(L-NAME) for two days. Each group was subdivided into 4 and treated intravenously with the extract 5; 10; and 20 mg/kg, and vehicle control. The systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were recorded. The blood was taken before and at the end of recording for the measurement of serum concentration of nitric oxide(NO). The changes of blood pressure were analyzed by two-way ANOVA while its correlation with NO concentration was analyzed by Pearson's Correlation.Results: The study showed a significant antihypertensive effect of the extract as compared with control group(P < 0.05) in both hypertensive models. Extract in the dose of 5 mg/kg showed the best blood pressure lowering effect. However, the correlation analysis did not show an association between NO increase and blood pressure lowering effect(P > 0.05).Conclusions: The study concludes that C. filiformis extract in the dose of 5 mg/kg exhibits the best blood pressure lowering effect in both animal models. Antihypertensive activity of the extract is not correlated with its antioxidant effect.

Correlative Analysis between Contents of Nutrients and Secondary Substances in Damaged Pinus massoniana Needles and Population Parameters of Dendrolimus kikuchii(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)

In order to explore the effects of chemical substances changes in damaged masson pine （Pinus massoniana） needles on population dynamics of Dendroli- mus kikuchii, D. kikuchii larvae were reat~ with P. massoniana needles with different damage degrees （mild, moderate and severe）, and its population parame- ters and contents of nutrients and secondary substances in damaged P. massoniana needles were measured, and the integrated correlation coefficient was adopted for data analysis. The results showed that with the damage degree aggravating, flavones in needles increased accordingly, while contents of soluble sugars, polysaeeha- rides and proteins decreased. The average developmental duration and mortality of D. kikuchii larvae increased with the damage degree increasing. No significant correlation was found between the changes in contents of tannins or total phenols and the developmental duration or mortality of each instar larvae. There were signif- icant direct and integrated correlations between contents of nutrients and secondary substances of P. massoniana needles and the developmental duration or mortality of each instar larvae except the 6＇h instar larvae. With the damage degree increasing, all parameters of D. kikuchii population including body weight of the 7~ instar larvae, average feeding capacity of larvae, pupal weight, pupation rate, female ratio and fecundity decreased. No significant correlation was found between the changes in contents of tannins or total phenols and population parameters of D. kikuchii larvae. The results suggest that the contents of nutrients and secondary sub- stances in P. ,mssoniana needles dramatically influenced the population parameters of D. kikuchii, and the importance from high to low successively was soluble sugars 〉 proteins 〉 polysaccharides 〉 flavones. Contents of tannins and total phenols seemed to have little influence.

Discussion on the Correlative Problem of Maneuverability Model Test for Vessels with Large Scale

It is well known that model test is one of approaches to investigate the maneuverability of vessels and the correlative method is an important problem of model test for vessels with large scale. Some of correlative problems,which should be solved with care in model test,are presented from analysis of the similarity principle for the ship maneuverability in this paper.A corrective method of appropriate angle of rudder is provided based on the result of maneuverability model test for a tanker with large scale and the corresponding prediction of the maneuverability for full scale tanker is satisfactory in view of engineering practice.

Dynamic correlative effect between urbanization and electricity consumption

Energy especially for rapid electricity consumption increasing is an obvious problem during the process of urbanization and economic growth. It is also an important research field to explore intrinsic regular pattern of electricity consumption and provide solving approaches. Firstly, this paper studies the relationship between electricity consumption and urbanization via GMM model by stages and regions. The results show that the most obvious stage of urbanization on electricity consumption is the stage between 1992-2000. The residents' income has an evident infl uence on electricity consumption of east region and industry also has generated stronger driving force in central and west regions. Then the paper analyzes the relationship between urbanization and electricity consumption by impulse function and gray correlation, and the variables of urbanization and industrialization both have various positive impulse effect. Estimating the gray correlation, central provinces with high population density and large shares of industry have high correlation degree in urbanization and electricity consumption.

Time lapse in situ X-ray imaging of failure in structural materials under cyclic loads and extreme environments

Damage evolution characterization and performance evaluation under realistic conditions are essential to ensure reliable operation of critical safety components.However,previous studies focus on the surface detection because of very limited penetration capacity of nondestructive testing facilities.Here,we review the recent progress of material damage mechanism by various in situ testing rigs that are compat-ible with laboratory and synchrotron radiation X-ray facilities.Then,taking metallic alloys and composites as model materials,we demonstrate the unique advantages of in situ X-ray three-dimensional tomography in unveiling complex failure mechanisms,quantifying crack growth driving forces and crack closure phenomena,and elucidating the strengthening/degrading effects from microstructure and environment on structural material degradation.Finally,we also discuss the ongoing direction of in situ multi-scale visualization and characterization with the development of advanced high-energy X-ray facilities,the improvement of in situ devices and sample environments,the demand of high-throughput tests,and the processing and application of massive test data.

A digital time correlative accumulation(Ⅱ)——cross-correlative accumulation

The digital time cross-correlative accumulation ( DTCCA ) scheme is described in the paper. The basic principle and structure of the scheme are discussed first , the detection probability, false-alarm probability and input S/ N are then analyzed for some typical sonar systems . The superior performances have been proved true through theoretical estimations and field experiments . Like DTACA , the DTCCA , as a signal processing scheme , has a wide application in complicated shallow acoustical channel at low data rate.

Channel Correlation Based User Grouping Algorithm for Nonlinear Precoding Satellite Communication System

Low Earth Orbit(LEO)multibeam satellites will be widely used in the next generation of satellite communication systems,whose inter-beam interference will inevitably limit the performance of the whole system.Nonlinear precoding such as Tomlinson-Harashima precoding(THP)algorithm has been proved to be a promising technology to solve this problem,which has smaller noise amplification effect compared with linear precoding.However,the similarity of different user channels(defined as channel correlation)will degrade the performance of THP algorithm.In this paper,we qualitatively analyze the inter-beam interference in the whole process of LEO satellite over a specific coverage area,and the impact of channel correlation on Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)of receivers when THP is applied.One user grouping algorithm is proposed based on the analysis of channel correlation,which could decrease the number of users with high channel correlation in each precoding group,thus improve the performance of THP.Furthermore,our algorithm is designed under the premise of co-frequency deployment and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),which leads to more users under severe inter-beam interference compared to the existing research on geostationary orbit satellites broadcasting systems.Simulation results show that the proposed user grouping algorithm possesses higher channel capacity and better bit error rate(BER)performance in high SNR conditions relative to existing works.

Assessment of Dependent Performance Shaping Factors in SPAR-H Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

With the improvement of equipment reliability,human factors have become the most uncertain part in the system.The standardized Plant Analysis of Risk-Human Reliability Analysis(SPAR-H)method is a reliable method in the field of human reliability analysis(HRA)to evaluate human reliability and assess risk in large complex systems.However,the classical SPAR-H method does not consider the dependencies among performance shaping factors(PSFs),whichmay cause overestimation or underestimation of the risk of the actual situation.To address this issue,this paper proposes a new method to deal with the dependencies among PSFs in SPAR-H based on the Pearson correlation coefficient.First,the dependence between every two PSFs is measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient.Second,the weights of the PSFs are obtained by considering the total dependence degree.Finally,PSFs’multipliers are modified based on the weights of corresponding PSFs,and then used in the calculating of human error probability(HEP).A case study is used to illustrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Three-Dimensional Sound Source Location Algorithm for Subsea Leakage Using Hydrophone

Leakages from subsea oil and gas equipment cause substantial economic losses and damage to marine ecosystem,so it is essential to locate the source of the leak.However,due to the complexity and variability of the marine environment,the signals collected by hydrophone contain a variety of noises,which makes it challenging to extract useful signals for localization.To solve this problem,a hydrophone denoising algorithm is proposed based on variational modal decomposition(VMD)with grey wolf optimization.First,the average envelope entropy is used as the fitness function of the grey wolf optimizer to find the optimal solution for the parameters K andα.Afterward,the VMD algorithm decomposes the original signal parameters to obtain the intrinsic mode functions(IMFs).Subsequently,the number of interrelationships between each IMF and the original signal was calculated,the threshold value was set,and the noise signal was removed to calculate the time difference using the valid signal obtained by reconstruction.Finally,the arrival time difference is used to locate the origin of the leak.The localization accuracy of the method in finding leaks is investigated experimentally by constructing a simulated leak test rig,and the effectiveness and feasibility of the method are verified.

Natural gas exploration potential and favorable targets of Permian Fengcheng Formation in the western Central Depression of Junggar Basin,NW China

Based on the organic geochemical data and the molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the western Central Depression of Junggar Basin,combined with sedimentary environment analysis and hydrocarbon-generating simulation,the gas-generating potential of the Fengcheng source rock is evaluated,the distribution of large-scale effective source kitchen is described,the genetic types of natural gas are clarified,and four types of favorable exploration targets are selected.The results show that:(1)The Fengcheng Formation is a set of oil-prone source rocks,and the retained liquid hydrocarbon is conducive to late cracking into gas,with characteristics of high gas-generating potential and late accumulation;(2)The maximum thickness of Fengcheng source rock reaches 900 m.The source rock has entered the main gas-generating stage in Penyijingxi and Shawan sags,and the area with gas-generating intensity greater than 20×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2) is approximately 6500 km^(2).(3)Around the western Central Depression,highly mature oil-type gas with light carbon isotope composition was identified to be derived from the Fengcheng source rocks mainly,while the rest was coal-derived gas from the Carboniferous source rock;(4)Four types of favorable exploration targets with exploration potential were developed in the western Central Depression which are structural traps neighboring to the source,stratigraphic traps neighboring to the source,shale-gas type within the source,and structural traps within the source.Great attention should be paid to these targets.

Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity dams.Despite the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very limited.This study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile loadings.Digital image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian test.The presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian tests.In contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile strength.Spatiotemporal monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct tension.Due to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture surfaces.The results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

Correlative ionospheric disturbances in the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14,2000

Using GPS data obtained from GPS sites located on the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000, the ionospheric response to the flare was analyzed. A kind of tiny correlative ionospheric fluctuations were revealed from the temporal total electron content (TEC) curves derived from GPS measurements, and the values of this kind of disturbances are about 1015 m-2. A comparative analysis of these disturbances and soft X-ray flux detected at GOES satellite during the flare is done. It is found that this kind of disturbances revealed in the temporal TEC curves did occur in a very large area of sunlit ionosphere and its behavior is mainly controlled by the characteristics of the flare’s extra radiation. Because the similar fluctuations are not found in the curve of soft X-ray flux, it is concluded that the flare extra radiation in EUV band should have corresponding fluctuations and it is the fluctuations that cause the TEC disturbances. The height, where the disturbances occur, should be in the F