Study on the Characteristics of Urban Air Pollution Based on Correspondence Analysis--A Case Study of Six Provincial Capitals in Central-south China

[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of urban air pollution on the basis of correspondence analysis.[Method] By using the correlated data from China Statistical Yearbook in 2010,a correspondence analysis on the air pollution indicators(like respirable particles,SO2 and NO2) of six provincial capitals in central-south China was carried out by means of SPSS software,and the characteristics of air pollution in the cities of China during different industrialization stages were summarized further.[Result] In the cities during early industrialization(like Nanning City and Guiyang City) and mineral resource-based cities(like Taiyuan City),the air was mainly polluted by SO2;for the cities in the middle industrialization(such as Changsha City,Wuhan City,Zhengzhou City and Chengdu City),the air was polluted by respirable particles chiefly;in the cities in late industrialization(like Guangzhou City and Shenzhen City) or completing industrialization(like Shanghai City),the air was mainly polluted by NO2;for the cities in pre-industrial stage(like Haikou City and Lhasa City),the characteristic of air pollution wasn’t obvious.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the control of urban air pollution in China in the further.

CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS ON IMAGES OF JIANGXI PROVINCE AS A TOURIST DESTINATION

This paper delineates the images of Jiangxi Province as tourist destination perceived by about 2000 sample visitors at Lushan Mountain and other 3 famous resorts (Jinggangshan Mountains, Longhushan Mountain, and Sanqingshan Mountain), with a result that the most common image is the famous scenic mountain image with partial attribute of image of religious culture destination. In order to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities of images among the four destinations, a correspondence analysis on 16 image attributes was employed. The results indicate that the tourists’ images on Longhushan Mountain, Sanqingshan Mountain and Lushan Mountain are very similar: having a lot of good tourist sites, famous mountain scenery, being close to nature and having good guide service, and others, but religious culture and good shopping facilities having not made deep impression on tourist, while Jinggangshan Mountains is famous for its red culture. The correspondence analysis visualizes the strengths and weaknesses of the destinations, which is useful for market positioning among the competitive places. Finally, some marketing suggestions for the four destinations were provided.

Usage as Complementary Correspondence Analysis and Logistic Regression in a Scientific Survey on Self Healing Methods

The aim of this study is to show complementary usage of logistic and correspondence analysis in a research subject to self-healing methodologies. Firstly, the number of the variables is reduced by logistic regression according to relationship between dependent and independent variables and then research carries on searching variables. The relationship among the behaviours of individuals and their demographic characteristics is modelled by logistic regression and shown graphically by correspondence analysis. In application, first of all, the effect of age, sex, marital status, education level, occupation and income level and present health condition, on appreciating self-health, is explained by a model. As a result of that model, it can be said that the effect of age, occupation and present health condition is reasonable. After analysing that model, the relationship between categorical variables (age, sex, occupation, preferred precautions, and worth of personal health) is shown graphically by multiple correspondence analysis.

Stock Pattern Mining and Correspondence Analysis Based on Association Rules

In this paper, association rules were applied to mining patterns in stock K-line trend. The pattern which ordinary investors interested in is defined as T-RG (Three-Red Guards). In the mining process, we take the K-line in A-share markets as objects. Through the analysis, investors can select the appropriate point of purchase and selling point. With the help of T-RG, investors can better improve the chance of short-term investment success in A-share markets. In order to explore and validate the T-RG, the main contents of this paper include the following aspects: putting forward a method that judge the validity of rules based on confidence-lift;proposing the meta rule that corresponds to the pattern of T-RG;developing a computer program to extract the T-RG using MATLAB, which supports batch mining;leading fundamental factors into correspondence analysis with identification indexes;reminding the selected stocks, so as to verify the reliability of the identification indexes. According to the above research, something can be learned: In A-share markets, the higher the discriminant index value is, the less number of shares meeting the requirements is;the same discriminant index value, the stock proportion has difference among plates. Confidence P1, P2 and Lift are extremely related to the GC (General Capital), and Lift is extremely related to the Ind (Industry). In the GEM, confidence P1 of mid-cap is near [0.7,1], Lift is near (1,3), confidence P1 of the manufacturing industry is near [0.7,1].

Correspondence Analysis on a Space-Time Data Set for Multiple Environmental Variables

Applications of the multivariate technique called correspondence analysis for environmental studies are relatively new and are limited to spatial multivariate data set. In this paper, a procedure of applying correspondence analysis to a large space-time data set for multiple environmental variables is shown. In particular, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide hourly concentrations measured during January 1999 at several monitored stations in a district of Northern Italy are analyzed. The procedure consists in transforming the continuous variables into categorical ones by the means of appropriate indicator variables, generating special contingency tables and applying correspondence analysis. The use of this classical multivariate technique allows the identification of important relationships among pollution levels and monitoring stations and/or relationships among pollution levels and observation times.

Visualization of Special Features in “The Tale of Genji” by Text Mining and Correspondence Analysis with Clustering

In this paper, visualization of special features in “The Tale of Genji”, which is a typical Japanese classical literature, is studied by text mining the auxiliary verbs and examining the similarity in the sentence style by the correspondence analysis with clustering. The result shows that the text mining error in the number of auxiliary verbs can be as small as 15%. The extracted feature in this study supports the multiple authors of “The Tale of Genji”, which agrees well with the result by Murakami and Imanishi [1]. It is also found that extracted features are robust to the text mining error, which suggests that the classification error is less affected by the text mining error and the possible use of this technique for further statistical study in classical literatures.

Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Phytoplankton Community and Environmental Factors in Genhe River

To understand the status of phytoplankton community of the Genhe River in the summer of 2015,we investigated the phytoplankton in Genhe River. We identified 5 phyla and 36 species,among which Bacillariophyta(23) were the most,followed by Chlorophyta(10),Cyanophyta(1),Chrysophyta(1),Pyrrophyta(1). The phytoplankton abundance was(15. 6-810) × 104 ind·L^(-1); the biomass was(0. 07-2. 876) mg·L-1; Shannon-wiener index was 1. 05-3. 24; Pielou evenness index was 0. 27-0. 96. Using Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index,the water quality of Genhe River was assessed,and the results showed that the water quality was the best at 5# sampling point,the water quality was good in 3#,4#,7#,8#,9# sampling points,and there was a state of pollution at other sampling points. Canonical correspondence analysis and Pearson correlation analysis showed that iron ion,transparency,p H value,water depth and water temperature were important environmental factors that affect the distribution of phytoplankton,and copper ion,nitrite ion and COD also significantly affected the distribution of phytoplankton.

Elaboration of Explanatory Factors of Accidents in Cameroon by Factorial Correspondence Analysis

The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of road accidents in Cameroon. The Douala-Yaoundé highway was chosen as the case of study. Available field data recorded from the year 2006 to 2011, have enabled the analysis of each accident. The method used here is the factorial correspondence analysis;which aims to bring in a small number of dimensions, most of the initial information, focusing not on the absolute values, but the correspondence between the variables, that is to say the relative values. From this analysis, it appears that, of the 906 accidents recorded during this period, top five causes account for nearly 83% of the information provided by the set of variables on the occurrence of road accidents. These causes are: driver inattention, lack of control, over speeding, improper overtaking and tire puncture. These results require involvement in the construction of road safety policies through training, sensitization and adequate repressions as well as administrative reforms and research policy in road safety.

Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis to Measure Multidimensional Poverty in Congo

The following analysis is based on a multidimensional understanding of poverty using a nonmonetary basic needs approach. It is ground on data from the first survey on household living conditions for poverty assessment, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Congo in 2005. Multiple Correspondence Analysis is applied to construct a composite indicator by aggregating several attributes likely to reflect the poverty of individuals or households. The application shows that Congolese households are not affected by the same type of poverty. Three types of non-monetary poverty are identified: infrastructure poverty, vulnerability of human existence and poverty of comfort. These households were then classified according to the composite indicator of Poverty. The results show that the incidence of poverty corresponds to the weight of poor class of about 70.67%.

Classification of subtypes of patients with eating disorders by correspondence analysis

BACKGROUND Grouping eating disorders(ED)patients into subtypes could help improve the establishment of more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.AIM To identify clinically meaningful subgroups among subjects with ED using multiple correspondence analysis(MCA).METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted of all outpatients diagnosed for an ED at an Eating Disorders Outpatient Clinic to characterize groups of patients with ED into subtypes according to sociodemographic and psychosocial impairment data,and to validate the results using several illustrative variables.In all,176(72.13%)patients completed five questionnaires(clinical impairment assessment,eating attitudes test-12,ED-short form health-related quality of life,metacognitions questionnaire,Penn State Worry Questionnaire)and sociodemographic data.ED patient groups were defined using MCA and cluster analysis.Results were validated using key outcomes of subtypes of ED.RESULTS Four ED subgroups were identified based on the sociodemographic and psychosocial impairment data.CONCLUSION ED patients were differentiated into well-defined outcome groups according to specific clusters of compensating behaviours.

Rules of Pesticide Use for Food Crop Diseases and Pests: A Concise Diagram Based on Correspondence Analysis

In order to ensure food security, the selection of pesticide must take into account the controlling effect and economy in the chemical control of food crop diseases and pests. Although China has registered a large number of pesticides and fungicides on food crops, traditional statistical methods cannot treat the complex relationships between crops, pests and diseases, as well as pesticides. To this end, the correspondence analysis was used to mine the data of pesticides being registered after January 1, 2010 for the prevention and control of pests and diseases on wheat, corn, and rice in China, in order to reveal the general rules of pesticide use for the prevention and control of grain crop pests and diseases and to provide scientifically recommended pesticide regimens.(1) Recommended pesticides for wheat diseases and pests: For underground pest control, phoxim, diazinon or clothianidin is recommended;imidacloprid is recommended for aphid control;avermectin is recommended for mite control;chlorpyrifos is recommended for midge control;the pesticides for rust control could be selected according to the order of epoxiconazole>flutriafol>kresoxim-methyl>cyproconazole≈hexaconazole;tebuconazole is recommended for the prevention and control of smut;difenoconazole is recommended for the simultaneous occurrence of take-all, smut and sheath blight;it is recommended to use carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl for the control of scab;and triazolone or pyraclostrobin is recommended for the control of powdery mildew.(2) Recommended pesticides for corn diseases and pests: For the control of underground pests, fipronil, carbosulfan or chlorpyrifos are recommended;thiamethoxam is recommended for control of planthoppers and corn aphids;Bacillus thuringiensis or phoxim is recommended for control of corn borers;pyraclostrobin is recommended for the control of northern leaf blight;tebuconazole is recommended for the control of head smut;and fludioxonil+metalaxyl-M is recommended for the control of corn stalk rot.(3) Recommended pesticides for rice diseases and pests: It is recommended to use triazophos, avermectin analogs or methoxyfenozide for the control of borers;for rice planthoppers, the pesticides could be selected in order of pymetrozine>imidacloprid>thiamethoxam>thiazide>nitenpyram;avermectin analogs are recommended for the control of rice leaf rollers;tebuconazole is recommended for the control of rice false smut;prochloraz and its manganese salts are recommended for the control of bakanae disease;hymexazol is recommended for the control of wilt disease;thifluzamide or hexaconazole is recommended for the control of sheath blight;and the pesticides for the control of rice blast are in order of tricyclazole>kasugamycin>fenoxanil>isoprothiolane>Bacillus subtilis. In addition, potential applications of correspondence analysis in other fields of plant protection are discussed.

Subset Multiple Correspondence Analysis as a Tool for Visualizing Affiliation Networks

In this paper we investigate the potential of Subset Multiple Correspondence Analysis (s-MCA), a variant of MCA, to visually explore two-mode networks. We discuss how s-MCA can be useful to focus the analysis on interesting subsets of events in an affiliation network while preserving the properties of the analysis of the complete network. This unique characteristic of the method is also particularly relevant to address the problem of missing data, where it can be used to partial out their influence and reveal the more substantive relational patterns. Similar to ordinary MCA, s- MCA can also alleviate the problem of overcrowded visualizations and can effectively identify associations between observed relational patterns and exogenous variables. All of these properties are illustrated on a student course-taking affiliation network.

Interpretation of Water Samples by Correspondence Analysis for Radioactive Elements in the Northern Coast of Oman Sea

Oman Sea is connecting belt between the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf.Because it strategic and environmental aim,presence of natural radionuclide ^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(40)K and ^(137)Cs as man-made element is considered.Water samples were taken from 36 marine spots at the coastal strip from Hormoz canyon to Goatr seaport in the northern coast of Oman Sea.Correspondence analysis is used to identify variation and relationship between samples(Q-mood analysis)and variable(R-mood analysis)based on approximate χ^(2)distances.Radioactive elements(^(226)Ra,^(232)Th and^( 40)K),physical(temperature,pH,turbidity,conductivity,special density)and chemical(salinity,oxygen and chlorophyll)parameters of water for 36 samples handled by correspondence analysis,there are two outstanding result,(1)Radioactive elements show high correlation in factors by greater eigenvalue,and (2)some of the samples such as W13,W24 and rather W02,W05 and W12 show highest activity from Radioactive elements and also temperature and conductivity show nearest relation with them in many factors.

Applied research of correspondence analysis method in waste tailings reservoir heavy metal pollution monitoring points optimization

In order to optimize monitoring points and monitoring factor, the relationshipbetween pollutants and soil sample were established by correspondence analysis.Thestudy results show that the reflecting monitoring points and monitoring factors in thegraphic on the same factor axis can clearly express the intrinsic link between pollutantsand monitoring points and distribution characteristics.To determine the main monitoringpoint and the main monitoring indicators can reduce and optimize the number of monitoringpoints under the premise of ensuring the typical and representative of monitoring data.Using the correlation of pollutants can reduce the number of monitoring indicators and improvethe effectiveness of data collection.

光伏产业政策叙事主题时序演化特征研究

首先,定义光伏产业政策叙事的3W框架,抽取光伏产业政策结构化内容,基于词频-逆文档算法,挖掘2011—2022年光伏产业政策叙事主题关键词;其次,采用共现网络方法,可视化分析光伏产业政策叙事主题;最后,耦合时序要素,对应分析光伏产业政策叙事主题焦点。结果表明:2011—2019年光伏产业政策叙事主题聚焦于推广分布式光伏应用、解决光伏消纳等问题,而2020—2022年光伏产业政策叙事主题逐渐转向提升储能、保障消纳等方面。省域政策对国家政策的执行度较高,政策主题基本保持一致,但省域政策会根据自身发展实际因地制宜地施策,各地发展方向均有所侧重。从对应分析来看,不同阶段国家政策的叙事主题以及不同阶段省域政策的叙事主题均存在显著差异。省域政策年际间衔接紧密,政策执行力度强,政策寿命长;国家层级与省域层级的叙事主题和时间变量之间都存在非连续的局部相关性。

莽山浪畔湖国家重要湿地植物多样性及环境解释

研究莽山高山湖泊湿地植物多样性对环境因子的响应分析,不仅有助于深入了解湿地植物对环境变化下的适应策略,同时对保护当地湿地珍稀濒危物种具有重要价值。采用系统聚类分析、典范对应分析(CCA)和Pearson相关性分析等方法,对研究区30个植物群落样方进行分析,研究植物多样性与环境因子(土壤、水)之间的相互关系。研究结果表明:浪畔湖国家重要湿地植物群落可分为蕨状苔草+宽叶泽苔草群丛、雪白睡莲+莼菜群丛、水毛花+宽叶泽苔草群丛、莼菜+宽叶泽苔草群丛等4类。雪白睡莲+莼菜群丛Patrick丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数最低,Simpson多样性指数最高,水毛花+宽叶泽苔草群丛与之相反。浪畔湖国家重要湿地植物多样性与土壤速效钾和水深呈极显著相关性,与水质氨氮呈显著相关性,水深和土壤速效钾是影响湿地植物群落分布格局的主要因子。群落物种多样性指数与环境因子之间存在显著相关性,群落物种丰富度指数随水深增加呈先增后降的趋势,群落物种均匀度指数与水质氨氮浓度之间呈负相关关系。本研究旨在揭示浪畔湖国家重要湿地植物多样性与环境因子之间的生态关系,为保护湿地珍稀物种及维持湿地生态系统稳定提供理论依据。

菹草腐解期上覆水浮游细菌群落动态模拟及其环境驱动因子分析

菹草生长期内可以从水体中吸收大量的营养物质,有效抑制水体富营养化。但在季节交替期,菹草衰亡后,其残体腐解会向上覆水释放大量营养物质,对湖泊生态系统造成瞬时冲击。通过实验室模拟,将菹草分别浸泡在不同稀释比的上覆水中自然腐解,旨在研究菹草残体腐解过程上覆水水质变化及环境因子对浮游细菌的驱动作用。结果表明:(1)在稀释组(B、C组)中,菹草腐解的氮素均出现了短期冲击(第1天),冲击程度与稀释比呈正相关。(2)上覆水水质越好,浮游细菌共有OTUs(operational taxonomic units,操作分类单元)数量占比越高,且浮游菌群结构受氮素冲击的变化越剧烈。实验第30天时,稀释湖水4倍组(C组)共有OTUs占比为61%,高于原水组(A组,OTUs占比40%)和稀释2倍组(B组,OTUs占比45%)。群落结构的剧烈变化主要通过影响厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)、放线杆菌门(Actinobacteriota)和蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)的相对丰度大小实现。(3)变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)是整个腐解过程中的第一大优势菌群,A、B、C三组的第一大优势菌门均为变形杆菌门,水质提升有助于厚壁菌门的生长和繁殖,在B组和C组中的第二大优势菌群是厚壁菌门,稀释比越高两类细菌门的总相对丰度越大。(4)总悬浮物、氧化还原电位、浊度和总氮对水体中的细菌群落结构产生显著影响,腐解进程可分为2个时段,环境因子对菌群结构影响的变化与腐解进程有关。因此,相关人员可通过适度收割沉水植物残体,调节水体氮素、浊度等上覆水理化指标,调控水体中细菌的群落结构及优势菌群种类,从而降低季节性水生植物腐解引发的负面影响,最终达到科学管理沉水植物的目的。

流程行业安全事故致因对应分析及监控策略

为降低流程行业安全事故发生的概率,综合运用系统思维、对应分析和案例分析相结合的方法识别了流程行业安全事故的关键致因因素,并提出了有针对性的安全管理监控方案。首先基于系统思维构建了包含人因、设备、环境和控制方法4个子系统的流程行业安全事故致因系统;然后运用对应分析方法确定了流程行业安全事故致因因素与事故等级、事故类型、事故发生行业之间的关联度;最后结合我国某石化公司重大爆炸着火事故案例,验证了该事故致因系统和对应分析结果的合理性。结果表明:监控过程中需要重点关注电火花、环境温度、原料控制、冲料现象、设备堵塞、可燃气体等致因因素,并采用视频监控和传感器等智能化技术手段对人因、设备和环境子系统实施监测与预警。该监控策略对事故预防具有参考价值,有助于推动流程行业生产安全智能监测的发展。

新疆北疆滴灌机采棉田杂草生态位机理研究

【目的】探究新疆北疆滴灌机采棉田杂草生态位机理。【方法】运用七级目测法调查了新疆北疆5个地区(新疆生产建设兵团第八师143团、145团和147团,昌吉市,奎屯市)25个滴灌机采棉田样点的杂草优势度等级,依据优势度等级转换为重要值,进而计算出主要杂草(20种)的生态位宽度及重叠值;依据20种主要杂草的优势度及生态位重叠值,采用去趋势对应分析(detrended correspondence analysis,DCA)排序和最小生成树法(图论聚类分析),制作反映杂草生态学相似关系的排序图和最小生成树。【结果】田旋花、藜、反枝苋、龙葵、芦苇、狗尾草、苘麻、野西瓜苗和稗的实际生态位较宽,是新疆北疆滴灌机采棉田的优势种群(恶性杂草)。龙葵与藜、苘麻与反枝苋、野西瓜苗与稗、反枝苋与稗等杂草间的生态位重叠值较大,对资源的竞争较为激烈。依据生态位重叠值的大小关系制作的最小生成树中,20种主要杂草被分为4组。在25个样点中,针对20种主要杂草的综合生态需求DCA排序表明:9种恶性杂草几乎都聚集于排序图中央,与居于排序图周边的一般杂草区分较为明显,且20种主要杂草的DCA排序图与最小生成树对应关系较好。【结论】随着滴灌年限的增加,龙葵、田旋花、藜等9种恶性杂草的优势度值与滴灌年限之间存在极显著或显著的回归关系,其中除田旋花、狗尾草2种杂草的优势度值与滴灌年限之间存在极显著的非线性回归关系外,其他7种杂草的优势度值与滴灌年限之间存在极显著的线性回归关系。

瓯江口海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的相关性分析

为探究瓯江口海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的相关性,分别于2021年3月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)对瓯江口海域的浮游动物及海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度等环境因子进行了4个航次的调查。结果显示,本次调查共鉴定出浮游动物78种,其中包括16种浮游幼虫,隶属于8门14大类,夏季物种数最丰富(47种),冬季物种数最低(23种),优势种(Y≥0.02)有17种,其中桡足类占8种,如中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)和背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)等。浮游动物的年平均丰度为(162.95±310.96)ind./m^(3),年平均生物量为(118.85±62.80)mg/m^(3),存在明显的季节变化差异,春季丰度和生物量最高,秋季最低;冬季丰度比夏季高,生物量低于夏季。浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J')和浮游动物Margalef丰富度指数(D)年平均值分别为1.500±0.702、0.656±0.270和2.301±1.087。Spearman相关性分析和典范对应分析结果表明,海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和浮游植物丰度是影响瓯江口海域浮游动物优势丰度的重要环境因素。这为瓯江口环境季节变化对浮游动物的影响研究提供科学参考依据,为瓯江口生物资源的可持续发展提供基础资料和理论依据。