Superior corrosion resistance and corrosion mechanism of dual-main-phase (Ce_(15)Nd_(85))_(30)Fe_(bal)B_(1)M magnets in different solutions

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of both (Ce_(15)Nd_(85))_(30)Fe_(bal)B_(1)M sintered magnets prepared with dual-main-phase method and N45-type magnets was studied in 3.5 wt% NaCl,1.1 wt% NaH_(2)PO_(4),and 2.5 wt% NaOH solutions,respectively.The (Ce_(15)Nd_(85))_(30)Fe_(bal)B_(1)M sintered magnets perform superior corrosion resistance than N45-type magnets in the tested solutions.In general,two kinds of magnets exhibit the best corrosion resistance property in 2.5 wt% NaOH solution,while the worst in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.Microstructures of samples before and after corrosion were investigated.With the addition of Ce by means of dual-main-phase method,which is conducive to facilitating low-temperature sintering and grain refinement,uniform grain size and(Nd,Ce)-rich phase distribution form,give rise to narrow and thin corrosion channels.Moreover,the corrosion rate of the(Nd,Ce)-rich phase is lower than that of Nd-rich one.Acco rdingly,corro sion re sistance of (Ce_(15)Nd_(85))_(30)Fe_(bal)B_(1)M sintered magnet is superior when compared with the commercial N45-type magnet which has comparable magnetic properties.

The corrosion characteristics and mechanism of directionally solidified Mg-3Zn-xCa alloys

An investigation into the corrosion characteristics and mechanism of directionally solidified(DSed) Mg-3Zn-xCa(x = 0, 0.2, 0.5,0.8 wt.%) alloys in 0.9 wt.% Na Cl solution is presented. The DSed microstructure consists of columnar dendrites and eutectics distributed in the interdendritic region. The primary dendritic arm spacing(PDAS) and the volume fraction(fv) of the secondary phases are under the significant impact of the content of Ca. The corrosion rates evaluated using electrochemical measurements and immersion tests are accelerated monotonously with the increase of Ca content in DSed alloys. The corrosion resistance of the DSed alloys is significantly affected by the corrosion products film(CPF) and the secondary phases. The corrosion products of DSed Mg-3Zn alloy contain Mg(OH)_(2) and ZnO. The existence of ZnO greatly enhances the corrosion resistance of DSed Mg-3Zn alloy. As for the DSed alloys containing Ca content, a relatively protective CPF without deep pits can form on the surface of DSed Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca specimen during the corrosion. The f_(v)of the secondary phases dominates the corrosion rate of the DSed Mg-Zn-Ca alloys. The corrosion of DSed Mg-3Zn-xCa alloys initiates as a result of microgalvanic coupling between the cathodes of secondary phases and α-Mg matrix anode. Then, the corrosion gradually extends longitudinally with the breakdown of CPF.

Electrochemical corrosion failure mechanism of M152 steel under a salt-spray environment

The corrosion failure mechanism of M152 was studied using the neutral salt-spray test to better understand the corrosion behavior of 1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN（M152）, provide a basis for the optimization of material selection, and prevent the occurrence of failure. Moreover, the mechanism was investigated using the mass loss method, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）, stereology microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS）. The results show that M152 steel suffers severe corrosion, especially pitting corrosion, in a high-salt-spray environment. In the early stage of the experiment, the color of the corrosion products was mainly orange. The products then gradually evolved into a dense, brown substance, which coincided with a decrease of corrosion rate. Correspondingly, the EIS spectrum of M152 in the late test also exhibited three time constants and presented Warburg impedance at low frequencies.

Influence of Ga and Hg on microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg alloy anode materials

The effects of Hg and Ga on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-5%Hg (molar fraction) alloys were investigated by the measurement of polarization curves and galvanostatic test. The microstructure of the alloys and the corroded surface of the specimens were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and emission spectrum analysis. It can be concluded that the addition of 1%Ga (molar fraction) reduces corrosion current density from 26.98 mA/cm2 to 2.34 mA/cm2; while the addition of 1%Hg (molar fraction) increases corrosion current density. The addition of Ga and Hg both promotes the electrochemical activity of the alloys and the influence of Ga is more effective than Hg. Mg-5%Hg-1%Ga alloy has the best electrochemical activity, showing mean potential of -1.992 V. The activation mechanism of the magnesium alloy produced by Hg and Ga was put forward. Magnesium atoms are dissolved in liquid Hg and Ga to form amalgam and undergo severe oxidation at the amalgam/electrolyte interface.

Corrosion inhibiting performance and mechanism of protic ionic liquids as green brass inhibitors in nitric acid

Four protic ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized via a one-step method by using benzotriazole(BTA)and benzimidazole as cations,and benzenesulfonic acid and 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA)as anions.These ILs were used as green corrosion inhibitors for brass specimens in a nitric acid solution.The structure of the protic ILs was characterized by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,and FT-IR spectroscopy.The effects of the IL structure,IL concentration,acid concentration,and corrosion time on the surface morphology of brass specimens and the inhibition efficiency(η%)of ILs were investigated by the weight loss method combined with SEM and EDS spectroscopy.Polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy were used to analyze the electrochemical corrosion inhibition mechanism of ILs.Results showed that IL synthesis was a proton transfer process,and the proton of the–SO3H group on NSA was deprived by BTA.IL[BTA][NSA],which had a high charge density and large conjugateπband,was the most effective inhibitor for brass corrosion.Theη%of[BTA][NSA]decreased with the increase in acid concentration and corrosion time,which showed an increment with the increase in[BTA][NSA]concentration.The higher theη%of[BTA][NSA]is,the smoother the surface of the brass specimens is,and the smaller the undistributed area of Cu element will be.Corrosion inhibiting mechanism from electrochemical analysis indicated that the addition of[BTA][NSA]increased the polarization resistance of the brass electrode significantly and suppressed both anodic and cathodic reactions.

Portable 4-Channel Electrochemical Noise Test System

A portable 4-channel electrochemical noise(EN) test system with high precision was developed.The modular instrument cRIO was used as its core and the signal conditioning module included zero resistance ammeter(ZRA),fly line,screening box and shielded wire.The EN data were acquired from two Q235 carbon steel specimens placed in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution and 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution.The experimental result shows that this system can achieve an accuracy of 10 pA and 10 μV,and it can be applied to on-site multi-channel EN test.

Influence of deformation on the corrosion behavior of LZ91 Mg-Li alloy

The effect of rolling and forging on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of LZ91 alloy was investigated using an electron probe micro-analyzer,immersion and electrochemical tests.Results showed that the area fraction of theβ-Li phase remained unchanged,and the grain size of theβ-Li phase decreased after forging.The as-rolled forged alloy(FR-LZ91)exhibited the highest area fraction of theβ-Li phase and the longest grains.The corrosion resistance of the forged LZ91 alloy increased due to grain refinement that prevented further corrosion during the immersion test.Among the experimental alloys,FR-LZ91 showed the highest resistance of corrosion film and charge transfer resistance values due to its protective film caused by the high area fraction of theβ-Li phase.

Electrochemical techniques for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of Type 40Cr steel in acidified chloride solution

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and electrochemical noise(EN) techniques were used to detect stress corrosion cracking(SCC) on 40Cr steel specimens exposed to the acidified chloride solution at ambient. To test these two techniques,slow strain rate tensile(SSRT) tests were performed with 40Cr specimen in the identical corrosive solution at room temperature. In impedance measurements,phase shifts in frequency range from 1 to 1 000 Hz show a clear difference between the stressed and non-stressed specimens,suggesting that stress corrosion cracks are detected by the impedance measurements. EN signals in the process of SCC were recorded and then analyzed by standard deviation(STD). On the other hand,the mechanical properties,such as maximum tensile strength(MTS) and fracture strain(FS) measured by the SSRT,decrease significantly when the specimens are exposed to the corrosive solution relative to that in an inert medium. The SSRT results are consistent with fractography of the tested specimens by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Analysis of the fracture surface clearly shows intergranular attack,suggesting that stress corrosion cracks are formed.

Microstructures and electrochemical behaviors of casting magnesium alloys with enhanced compression strengths and decomposition rates

New-type magnesium alloy with prominent solubility and mechanical property lays foundation for preparing fracturing part in petroleum extraction.Herein,Mg-xZn-Zr-SiC alloy is prepared with casting strategy.Electrochemical and compression tests are conducted to assess the feasibility as decomposable material.Morphology,composition,phase and distribution are characterized to investigate decomposition mechanism.Results indicate that floccule,substrate component and reticulate secondary phase are formed on as-prepared surface.Sample also acts out enhanced compression strength to maintain pressure and guarantee stability in dissolution process.Furthermore,as decomposition time and zinc content increase,couple corrosion intensifies,resulting in gradually enhanced decomposition rate.Rapid sample decomposition is mainly due to basal anode dissolution,micro particle exfoliation and poor decomposition resistance of corroding product.Such work shows profound significance in preparing new-type accessible alloy to ensure rapid dissolution of fracturing part and guarantee stable compression strength in oil-gas reservoir exploitation.

Prevention of Q235 Steel Corrosion using Waterborne Rust Inhibitor

Sorbitol,triethanolamine,sodium benzoate,boric acid,and sodium carbonate were mixed to prepare a waterborne rust inhibitor.A temperature and humidity accelerated corrosion test was applied to investigate the corrosion behaviour of waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 steel and original Q235 steel,which was carried out in a temperature and humidity test chamber(WSHW-1000)at a temperature of 80℃and humidity of 95%.Compared with the original Q235,waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 has better resistance to corrosion in hot and humid ambient conditions.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were measured with a three-electrode cell in 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution on a CHI760E potentiostat/galvanostat.Molecular dynamics was simulated to verify the synergistic corrosion inhibitory mechanism of sodium carbonate and triethanolamine.The test shows that the prepared waterborne rust inhibitor can reduce the tendency of Q235 to corrosion and can also effectively reduce the corrosion rate.

深海环境腐蚀试验技术及研究进展

从深海实海环境试验、模拟试验、原位电化学测试、数值仿真等方面阐述了深海环境试验技术的发展演变过程。介绍了国内外主要深海腐蚀研究使用的试验装置种类,各类装置的优缺点和使用场景,并以试验装置为平台,发展了金属材料深海原位电化学测试技术及深海测试数据实时远程传输技术。介绍了实验室模拟深海环境腐蚀试验技术由单因素模拟到多因素模拟,并结合力学及实时测试的发展历程。阐述了数值仿真技术在深海环境腐蚀研究方面的应用,推介了2项ISO深海环境试验方法国际标准,回顾了近期在材料深海环境腐蚀研究方面取得的最新成果。面向深海装备应用的需求,从新试验技术发展出发,探讨了深海试验技术研究的发展方向和趋势。

Cr_(3)C_(2)/WC的添加对Stellite 12熔覆层耐磨耐蚀性的影响

目的 提高Stellite 12熔覆层的耐磨耐蚀性能。方法将Stellite 12合金粉末与碳化物(Cr_(3)C_(2)、WC)混合,采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢板上制备复合熔覆层。通过超景深显微镜和XRD分析其显微组织和物相,通过显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验和电化学腐蚀试验,分别评价熔覆层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,并通过超景深显微镜对磨痕形貌进行分析。结果添加碳化物后,熔覆层的微观组织以柱状晶和树枝晶为主,物相主要由γ-Co固溶体和碳化物(M23C6、M7C3)组成;Cr_(3)C_(2)的添加使得熔覆层的硬度降低,由610HV0.2降至530HV0.2,但耐磨性得到提高,磨损量由0.45 mm^(3)降至0.33 mm^(3),下降了28%,耐蚀性得到提高,腐蚀电位由-0.385 V增加到-0.264 V,腐蚀电流密度由9.269×10^(-10)A/cm^(2)降至1.496×10^(-10)A/cm^(2),极化电阻由3.982×10^(7)Ω·cm^(2)提升至2.424×10^(8)Ω·cm^(2),提高了1个数量级;WC的添加使其硬度由610HV0.2提高至750HV0.2,磨损深度变浅,磨损量由0.45 mm3降至0.19 mm^(3),下降了43%,但耐腐蚀性有所降低。3种熔覆层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。结论WC的添加可以有效提高熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性,但耐腐蚀性有所降低;添加Cr_(3)C_(2)后,耐蚀性得到显著提高,耐磨性略微提升,但硬度降低。

加速碳化条件下不同养护制度对碱矿渣混凝土钢筋锈蚀的影响

研究了加速碳化环境(CO_(2)浓度为20%)下,标准养护、饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护和蒸压养护对CaO+Na_(2)CO_(3)为激发剂的碱矿渣混凝土(CNC)中钢筋锈蚀的影响。结果表明,与标准养护相比,饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护不改变CNC的水化产物,但使其早期水化更加充分,因此平均孔径减小;蒸压养护使CNC水化产物由C-S-H凝胶转化为水榴石与11-?型的托勃莫来石,平均孔径和总孔隙率显著减小。在相同的加速碳化龄期下,与标准养护相比,饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护和蒸压养护的CNC碳化深度降低、CNC中钢筋发生高概率锈蚀时间延缓、钢筋失重率下降。与相同养护条件下的普通硅酸盐混凝土相比,标准养护和饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护的CNC中钢筋抗锈蚀能力远小于普通硅酸盐混凝土,而蒸压养护的CNC中钢筋抗锈蚀能力大于普通硅酸盐混凝土。

护套不同破坏形式下钢绞线的腐蚀特性研究

PE护套破坏是导致斜拉索中钢绞线发生腐蚀的直接原因。为了研究护套不同破坏形式下钢绞线腐蚀形态特征及力学性能退化规律,基于钢绞线电化学加速腐蚀试验,通过静力拉伸试验测定腐蚀钢绞线力学性能参数。结果表明:PE护套在两种破坏形式下钢绞线的锈蚀形态不同。PE护套环向破坏时,腐蚀产物在损伤口两端堆积,而纵向破坏时,腐蚀产物堆积在两侧;通过钢绞线腐蚀损伤评定,发现护套环向破坏时,钢绞线的腐蚀率随着时间呈指数增长,而纵向破坏时为线性增长,说明前者的腐蚀损伤危害要大于后者;护套两种破坏形式下,腐蚀钢绞线的力学性能不同,环向破坏后腐蚀钢绞线的承载力小于纵向破坏形式;在弹性模量和抗拉强度方面,环向破坏时,钢绞线的损伤率在20%以内时快速衰减,随后衰减缓慢,而纵向破坏时,腐蚀钢绞线的弹性模量和抗拉强度随损伤率呈线性衰减。PE套管环向破坏时,腐蚀钢绞线的力学性能损耗较大,在实际工程中应当重点关注。

纳米SiC颗粒对镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能影响研究

为提高AZ31镁合金焊接接头的综合性能,文章分别研究了无纳米SiC-1道次、添加纳米SiC-1道次和SiC-4道次的搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头,通过光学显微镜、显微硬度仪和拉伸试验机分析了焊接接头的微观组织与力学性能;利用电化学工作站研究了接头的腐蚀行为,采用扫描电镜、EDS和XRD分析了接头的腐蚀形貌、元素成分和物相组成。结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头成形良好、无缺陷;接头焊核区组织为均匀的等轴状晶粒,焊接道次的增加可有效改善SiC颗粒的分布情况,异质形核位点的存在起到了晶粒细化的作用,提高了接头的力学性能;在3.5%NaCl溶液腐蚀试验中,含SiC颗粒的接头耐腐蚀性能提升,其中SiC-4道次的接头耐腐蚀性能最佳。

硫酸介质中咪唑-4-甲基亚胺基硫脲对碳钢的缓蚀作用

目的碳钢因其优异的性能被广泛应用于工农业中,为解决碳钢在酸性介质中的腐蚀问题。方法以氨基硫脲和咪唑-4-甲醛为原料合成了Schiff碱化合物咪唑-4-甲基亚胺基硫脲(MIT),采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振谱(NMR)及质谱(EI-MS)表征了其分子结构。将MIT化合物作为H_(2)SO_(4)介质中碳钢的缓蚀剂,分别采用静态失重法、电化学测试及腐蚀形貌分析研究了其在0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能,通过吸附模型、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了MIT分子在碳钢表面的吸附行为,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和分子动力学模拟(MD)方法进行了理论计算研究。结果MIT在H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀效率随其添加量的增大而提高,随腐蚀环境温度的提高而下降,293 K下其在0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中的最佳质量浓度为240 mg/L,对应的缓蚀效率可达95.4%。MIT是一种混合型缓蚀剂,电化学缓蚀机理可解释为“几何覆盖效应”。在碳钢表面的MIT分子吸附属于化学和物理混合吸附(△G_(ads)^(°)=-31.62 kJ/mol,293K),且服从Langmuir吸附定律。结论MIT可有效抑制碳钢在H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中的腐蚀,MIT的合成既为H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中碳钢的腐蚀防护开发了一种有效方法,也为其他酸性介质中碳钢缓蚀剂的开发提供了新思路。

稀土镧铈对Q355NHq钢在模拟海洋大气环境中腐蚀行为的影响

通过盐雾腐蚀试验和电化学测试,研究了四种稀土含量的(Q355NHq)钢在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,并通过原位浸泡试验研究了钢中两种典型夹杂物在含Cl-环境中的形貌及成分。结果表明:当稀土元素质量分数为0.017%时,试样的腐蚀速率最小,在盐雾试验24h后锈层中的α-FeOOH含量最高;随着钢中稀土含量的增加,电荷转移电阻R_(ct)呈现先升后降的趋势,当稀土元素质量分数为0.017%时,试样的腐蚀电流密度最小,Rct值最大,约为3934Ω·cm^(2);在含Cl^(-)环境中浸泡后,稀土改性后钢中的RE_(x)O_(y)夹杂物较CaS-Al_(2)O_(3)夹杂物表现出更好的耐蚀性。

基于金属电化学腐蚀的单晶SiC表面腐蚀和磨损性能研究

针对化学机械抛光中抛光液的环境污染,提出一种基于金属电化学腐蚀的单晶SiC化学机械抛光方法.通过腐蚀实验和摩擦磨损实验,研究了电化学腐蚀单晶SiC的Si面腐蚀性能和磨损性能.通过对比Al、Cu、Fe金属在Na_(2)SO_(4)电解质溶液中对Si面的腐蚀性能,发现Al在Si面产生明显的腐蚀层,EDS和XPS检测证实该腐蚀产物为SiO_(2).采用摩擦磨损实验研究溶液组分对SiC的Si面磨损影响规律.结果表明,提高Na_(2)SO_(4)电解质溶液浓度能获得更大的磨损量,当Na_(2)SO_(4)电解质溶液浓度为1.00 mol/L时,得到最大为7.19µm^(2)的磨损量;在酸性的金属电化学腐蚀溶液中,Si面具有更好的材料去除性能,在pH=3时磨损量达到11.97µm^(2).单晶SiC的金属电化学腐蚀材料去除机制为阴极的Al金属发生电偶腐蚀反应产生腐蚀电流,促使阳极SiC表面氧化生成SiO_(2)氧化层,进而去除材料.

Degradation Mechanism of Lacquered Tinplate in Energy Drink by in-situ EIS and EN

The corrosion process of phenolic epoxy coated tinplate in energy drink was investigated by in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） and electrochemical noise（EN） techniques. The experimental results indicate that the degradation process of novolac epoxy coated tinplate in energy drink can be divided into three main stages： organic coating wetted by the beverage; corrosion initiation beneath the organic coating; and corrosion extension process. It was proposed that the tin coating and carbon steel were mainly corroded by organic acids in energy drink through the pores of the organic coating. After the tin coating was corroded, the carbon steel started to corrode due to its higher electrochemical activity and became to be the dominated corrosion reaction.

2507双相不锈钢在酸性高氯环境下的腐蚀行为

热法蒸发技术在废水处理方面得到广泛应用,且随着废水不断蒸发浓缩,溶液中的Cl^(−)含量成倍增加,导致用于蒸发设备的材料也因此快速腐蚀而失效。2507钢是一种Cr、Mo元素含量高的双相不锈钢,结合了铁素体和奥氏体不锈钢共同优点,因此具有极好的耐点蚀性能。为研究2507双相不锈钢在酸性高氯环境中的腐蚀情况,采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱、Mott-Schottky曲线以及动态浸泡试验等方法进行测试,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及3D显微镜对浸泡腐蚀后的试样性能进行表征。研究结果显示,随Cl浓度增加,腐蚀电位E_(corr)负移,腐蚀电流密度I_(corr)增加,极化电阻Rp减小,且施主密度ND和受主密度NA增加,材料的耐蚀性降低。2507双相不锈钢在酸性高氯(pH为3、120 g/L)腐蚀液中浸泡35 d的平均腐蚀速率为2.51μm/a。试样表面蚀孔数量较少,蚀孔外径在70~100μm,平均点蚀深度为20.493μm,最大点蚀速率为0.275 mm/a,属于轻度腐蚀,体现了不锈钢在酸性高氯环境中良好的耐蚀性。由于目前关于高氯废水蒸发设备材料的腐蚀数据非常缺乏,因此2507双相不锈钢的腐蚀情况可以为选材提供数据支撑。