Highly Improved Microstructure and Properties of Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Paper-based Materials via Hot Calendering Process

In this study,the effect of hot calendering process on the microstructure and properties of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)(PPTA) paper-based materials was investigated.The microstructures of the fracture surface,crystalline structure,and single fiber strength of the PPTA paperbased materials as well as the different bonding behaviors between the PPTA fibers and PPTA fibrids obtained before and after the hot calendering process were examined.The results indicated that a high linear pressure would result in a limited improvement of the strength owing to the unimproved paper structure.The optimal values of tensile index and dielectric strength of 56.6 N·m/g and 27.6 kV/mm,respectively,could only be achieved with a synergistic effects of hot calendering temperature and linear pressure(240℃ and 110 k N/m,respectively).This result suggested it was possible to achieve a significant reinforcement and improvement in the interfacial bonding of functional PPTA paper-based materials,and avoid the formation of unexpected pleats and cracks in PPTA paper-based materials during the hot calendering process.

WATER-BASED BINDERS USED IN PROCESS FORMAKING AUTOMOBLE FILTER PAPER

A method for making a automobile filter which includes impregnating a filter paper with a cross-linkable binder composition is discussed in the article. The water-based binder comprises a latex containing 80 wt% acrylic acid in the latex solids, and 20 wt% melthyl methacrylate, the binder also contains 5 parts of a cross-linking resin per 100 weight parts of latex solids and 5% parts of catalyst for the cross-linking resin based on the weight of the cross-linking resin. 4 wt% water-based polymer emulsion, on a solids basis, which is used to impregnate filter paper and rigidify it. Such impregnated filter paper has good dry and wet tensile strength and stiffness. The method has no impairing to the environment.

Literature Review of the Use of Zinc and Zinc Compounds in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices

Zinc and its compounds, alloys and composites play an important role in the modern day world and find application in almost every aspect that can improve the quality of our lives. This ranges from supplements and pharmaceuticals that are meant to improve our health and wellbeing to additives meant to guard or reduce corrosion in metals. However, over the past several years, a new area of technology has been garnering a great deal of attention and has made use of zinc and its compounds. This is with reference to paper-based microfluidic technology that offers several advantages and that keeps expanding in the amount of applications it covers. In this paper, a review is offered for the applications that have used zinc or zinc compounds in paper-based microfluidic devices.

Flexible Paper-Based Li-ion Batteries: A Review

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been fabricated in various ways to improve flexibility. Flexibility could be enhanced via active materials, separators, electrodes, and electrolytes, which could then be integrated to form flexible electronic devices with promising electrochemical properties compared to traditional non-flexible Li-ion batteries. Recent progress towards flexible Li- ion batteries fabrication, materials, and their electrochemical properties are investigated in this review. Additionally, recent developments in electronic devices utilizing flexible batteries and their future applications are explored. Portable and wearable electronics, as the primary beneficiaries of the flexible, rechargeable, and high-performance Li-ion batteries, are examined. In the end, various applications and challenges of flexible batteries in healthcare and various energy storage systems, considering practical implementation, are argued.

Mechanism of Kinect-based virtual reality training for motor functional recovery of upper limbs after subacute stroke

The Kinect-based virtual reality system for the Xbox 360 enables users to control and interact with the game console without the need to touch a game controller, and provides rehabilitation training for stroke patients with lower limb dysfunctions. However, the underlying mechanism remains un- clear. In this study, 18 healthy subjects and five patients after subacute stroke were included. The five patients were scanned using functional MRI prior to training, 3 weeks after training and at a 12-week follow-up, and then compared with healthy subjects. The FugI-Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Test scores of the hemiplegic upper limbs of stroke patients were significantly increased 3 weeks after training and at the 12-week follow-up. Functional MRI results showed that contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was activated after Kinect-based virtual reality training in the stroke patients compared with the healthy subjects. Contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex, the bilateral supplementary motor area and the ipsilateral cerebellum were also activated during hand-clenching in all 18 healthy subjects. Our findings indicate that Kinect-based virtual reality training could promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in subacute stroke patients, and brain reorganization by Kinect-based virtual reality training may be linked to the contralateral sen- sorimotor cortex.

用于运动状态监测的纸基柔性摩擦电传感器

为解决柔性摩擦电传感器制备流程复杂、成本高、不够环保等问题,设计了一种基于纸基导电银浆的低成本柔性摩擦电传感器。当外部压力由5 N增大至50 N时,其输出电压和输出电流逐渐增大,在频率为1 Hz、幅值为50 N的外部压力作用下,输出电压的峰值约为7.52 V。当外部压强在17~173 kPa的范围内变化时,输出电压峰值与压强呈分段线性关系。当外部压力的频率变化时,输出电压保持不变。结果表明,该传感器压力传感性能良好。当应用于运动传感中时,该传感器能够感知肘关节、腕关节的弯曲角度,并能有效区分走、快走、跑3种运动类型以及踮脚、深蹲、抱腹跳3种健身动作,计算人体行走频率与健身动作次数,在人体运动状态监测等领域具有良好的应用价值。

Adhesives for the Paper Packaging Industry: An Overview

Today, packaging plays a crucial role in maintaining the quality of products during uses by providing safeguarding against physical, chemical and environmental challenges. While polymer-based packaging material has been very extensively used, there has been a recent move to paper-based packaging products because of their economic and environmentally-friendly nature. Currently, Paper and paper-based board materials have been used as packaging material for food products, and e-commerce business. Adhesives in packaging industries are critical to the structure of most paper and paper board packaging, whether applied during the process of conversion and on the packaging line. From a production point of view, adhesive choice can significantly affect process line efficiency and production performance. Adhesive types used in paper industries are water-based adhesives both synthetic and bio-polymer based (starch, cellulose, protein and itaconic acid), Solvent-based adhesives (polyurethane and acrylic-based) and 100% solids adhesives like heat sealing adhesive and hot melts. More recently, water-based heat-expandable adhesive having thermally insulative and cushion-like properties has been provided for use in protective packages and wrap. Here, we aim to present an overview of the research trend of adhesives in the paper packaging industry. The overview summarizes the different adhesives for paper packaging industries.

基于纸基微流控的荧光技术在环境检测中的应用

微流控纸基分析器件(microfluidic paper-based analysisdevice,μ-PADs)凭借成本低廉、绿色环保的优点,在环境检测与分析化学等领域得到广泛的关注。基于纸基微流控的荧光检测技术灵敏度高、易于操作,在现场快速检测方面具有独特的优势,近年来国内外研究者在这一领域的探索日益深入。介绍了μ-PADs的制作方法,探讨了荧光传导机制,并对基于μ-PADs的荧光检测技术在环境污染物检测的研究现状和应用潜力进行了分析总结,同时对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

A superhigh discharge capacity induced by a synergetic effect between high-surface-area carbons and a carbon paper current collector in a lithium–oxygen battery

This paper invesitages the synergetic effect between high-surface-area carbons, such as Ketjan Black(KB) or Super P(SP) carbon materials, and low-surface-area carbon paper(CP) current collectors and it also examines their influence on the discharge performance of nonaqueous Li–O2cells. Ultra-large specific discharge capacities are found in the KB/CP cathodes, which are much greater than those observed in the individual KB or CP cathodes. Detailed analysis indicates that such unexpectedly large capacities result from the synergetic effect between the two components. During the initial discharges of KB or SP materials, a large number of superoxide radical(O·-2) species in the electrolytes and Li2O2 nuclei at the CP surfaces are formed, which activate the CP current collectors to contribute considerable capacities. These results imply that CP could be a superior material for current collectors in terms of its contribution to the overall discharge capacity.On the other hand, we should be careful to calculate the specific capacities of the oxygen cathodes when using CP as a current collector; i.e., ignoring the contribution from the CP may cause overstated discharge capacities.

石墨烯纸基传感器在人体运动中的实验研究

随着可穿戴技术的飞速发展,柔性传感器因在定制医疗和人机互动中有应用前景而备受瞩目。受剪纸艺术启发,开发了一种新型剪纸结构的柔性纸基传感器。该传感器采用剪纸技术构建的石墨烯纸基材料,能够紧密贴合人体多个部位,旨在探索其在监测生理及运动信号方面的有效性。剪纸结构的设计不仅提高了传感器的敏感度和伸展性,还实现了其与皮肤的高度集成,为人体动态监测开辟了新途径。

An Introduction to the Computer-based TOEFL

TOEFL, which aims to measure the English proficiency of test-takers whose first language is not English, is a familiar test to students around the world. The number of people who take the TEOFL is growing rapidly as the influence of the TOEFL is expanding. In 2002-2003, the computer-based TOEFL test will be introduced into China to replace the old paper-based test. So it is quite necessary for people who are preparing to take the computer-based TOEFL test to learn something about it.

运动监测柔性传感器中纸基材料的制备与应用

在现代科技飞速发展的背景下,可穿戴电子设备以其轻便、柔软、易于携带的特性,在医疗监测、康复治疗以及环境监控等多个领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力。这一趋势不仅促进了相关技术的进步,还对柔性储能材料与传感技术提出了更高的要求。因此,探索与开发成本低廉、性能卓越且易于集成的柔性充电电池和应变传感器成为研究的重点,这对推动可穿戴电子技术的发展具有深远的理论与实践意义。针对柔性摩擦电传感器在生产过程中存在的成本高、工艺复杂、环保性不佳等问题,提出了一种采用纸基导电银浆的柔性摩擦电传感器新方案。该传感器在监测人体运动状态方面表现出了优异的性能,能准确识别肘部和腕部的弯曲角度,区分不同的运动类型(如行走、快走、跑步)及健身动作(如踮脚、深蹲、抱腹跳),并能有效计算行走频率及健身次数。这些特性使其在人体运动监测领域展现出广阔的应用前景。

生物基多糖的疏水改性及其在纸基材料中的应用进展

纸基材料具有良好的应用性能,但较强的吸水性严重制约了其在很多领域的应用。采用石油基化合物进行疏水化处理会破坏纸基材料原本的可降解性。因此,目前研究人员更加关注以生物相容性好的生物基多糖作为疏水改性剂原料。本文综述了近年来生物基多糖在改善纸基材料疏水性方面的研究进展,重点介绍了纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐等生物基多糖的疏水改性及其在纸基材料疏水化处理中的应用现状,并对未来发展趋势进行了总结与展望。

“双碳”目标下造纸企业环境成本管理体系改进研究

环境成本管理是企业开展环保工作的核心问题。如何构建高效且适合企业发展的具体环境成本管理体系已引起各领域的极大关注。基于此,简述了“双碳”目标下造纸企业的主要环境问题与特点,整理了造纸企业现有环境成本管理体系的不足之处,基于作业成本法进行造纸企业环境成本管理体系的改进,包括环境成本核算体系、环境成本控制体系与环境成本管理评价体系三方面。为了“双碳”背景下造纸企业能够高效应用作业成本法,提出环境成本管理改进体系实施的保障措施,以期优化造纸行业的环境成本管理方式,促进企业高质量、可持续发展。

Brain structure in post-traumatic stress disorder A voxel-based morphometry analysis

This study compared the difference in brain structure in 12 mine disaster survivors with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, 7 cases of improved post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and 14 controls who experienced the same mine disaster but did not suffer post-traumatic stress disorder, using the voxel-based morphometry method. The correlation between differences in brain structure and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms was also investigated. Results showed that the gray matter volume was the highest in the trauma control group, followed by the symptoms-improved group, and the lowest in the chronic post-traumatic stress disorder group. Compared with the symptoms-improved group, the gray matter volume in the lingual gyrus of the right occipital lobe was reduced in the chronic post-traumatic stress disorder group. Compared with the trauma control group, the gray matter volume in the right middle occipital gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus was reduced in the symptoms-improved group. Compared with the trauma control group, the gray matter volume in the left superior parietal lo- bule and right superior frontal gyrus was reduced in the chronic post-traumatic stress disorder group. The gray matter volume in the left superior parietal Iobule was significantly positively correlated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory subscale score in the symptoms-improved group and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder group （r = 0.477, P = 0.039）. Our findings indicate that （1） chronic post-traumatic stress disorder patients have gray matter structural damage in the prefrontal lobe, oc- cipital lobe, and parietal lobe, （2） after post-traumatic stress, the disorder symptoms are improved and gray matter structural damage is reduced, but cannot recover to the trauma-control level, and （3） the superior parietal Iobule is possibly associated with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder patients exhibit gray matter abnormalities.

基于Kano-FAST的瓦楞纸激光印刷设备设计研究

目的推动印刷行业朝更高效的方向迈进,提高印刷设备的易操作性和视觉识别性。方法将Kano和FAST(Function Analysis System Technique)模型引入瓦楞纸激光打印设备设计的前期应用需求分析中,通过问卷的方法获取用户的基本要求,并划分为几个子类型,进而建立Kano的二维功能属性模型。采用FAST法建立功能树,辅助使用Kano模型,从而更精准地分析用户需求,并更好地根据其需求进行优化设计。结果综合运用设计原理,针对性地挖掘瓦楞纸激光印刷设备在造型识别性、操作易用性、生产安全性上存在的问题,进而输出更优解。结论该设计方法的引入有助于为同类型的印刷设备设计提供参考,并引起更多相关厂家的重视,推动印刷行业向更积极的方向发展。

废纸制浆造纸废水好氧生物强化增效处理研究

以竹炭为载体制备氮铈掺杂改性且固定化微生物及微量元素的生物增效材料,采用生物强化增效技术对废纸制浆造纸废水的好氧处理进行优化,通过降低生化处理出水浓度来降低深度处理的难度和成本。利用SEM和16S rRNA测序等手段对活性污泥表面形貌及结构和微生物菌落结构进行分析,综合评价了生物强化增效技术对废纸制浆废水好氧生物处理性能的影响。研究结果表明:该技术可以提高污染物生物降解能力,提高生物处理效果。普通生化处理出水COD平均值140 mg/L、氨氮平均值2.3 mg/L,色度平均值260倍,平均COD去除率86.47%、平均氨氮去除率88.83%、平均色度去除率33.33%;同等条件下,生物增效处理出水COD平均值72.2 mg/L、氨氮平均值0.95 mg/L、色度平均值50倍,平均COD去除率93.02%、平均氨氮去除率达到了95.39%、平均色度去除率87.18%,处理效果明显优于普通生化处理。生物增效处理出水采用传统PAC或PFS处理均可达到排放标准,且PFS的处理成本低至0.63元/m^(3);而普通生化处理只能采用芬顿处理才能达到排放标准,且处理成本达3.27元/m^(3)。SEM分析结果显示:生物增效处理的活性污泥絮体结构紧凑,具有更高的生物量;与普通生化处理的污泥相比,生物增效处理的污泥中脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)丰度增加了3.07和2.29个百分点,unclassified_o_PB19属增加了2.96个百分点,说明生物增效材料的投加能帮助一些具备特殊降解功能的微生物创造有利生存环境并激活其生长,提高了反应体系的定向降解能力。

自动化纸箱码垛流水线的数字技术研究

本文致力于探讨纸箱自动化码垛流水线的设计,涵盖智能技术的整合、生产效率的提升、劳动成本的降低以及从手动到自动化的转变。首先分析了当前自动化系统的挑战,随后提出了创新解决方案,以增强托盘稳定性和流程的流畅性。本文还详细讨论了自动化设计对整体生产线效率的影响,并从技术实施的角度出发,分析了系统实施过程中的技术挑战及其解决方案。最后,探讨了未来技术趋势对系统升级的潜在影响。

荧光纸基微流控芯片在食品检测领域中的应用

食品安全事故频发,引发全球对食品安全的广泛关注。为了保障食品的质量和安全,研究人员已经开发了各种快速和灵敏的检测方法,用于分析各种食品成分和污染物。纸基微流控芯片(μPADs)是以纸张为主要基版,使生化反应小型化的微实验室分析系统。近年来,μPADs在芯片设计和功能集成方面发展迅速,因其成本低、样品体积小和携带方便等优点,在快速检测中具有独特的应用潜力,已广泛用于保障食品安全。与其他检测方法相比,基于荧光法的μPADs具有选择性好和灵敏度高等优点,能够快速准确地测定目标物,满足现场检测的需求,为食品检测提供理想的解决方案。其在不同的实际应用中显示出广阔的前景,能测定食品中的各种污染物,包括病原微生物(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌)、有害化学物质(农药、苏丹红染料、亚硝酸盐、甲醛和抗生素)和重金属离子(铅、镉、汞、砷、铬)等。笔者介绍了μPADs的基本概念,包括纸作为基材的优点以及二维和三维芯片的特点,重点介绍了荧光检测原理以及在食品检测领域中的应用。研究结果将有助于开发和应用更多新型基于荧光分析方法的μPADs,并为开发准确、灵敏、便捷的食品污染物检测方法提供参考。

复合纸基柔性传感器力学性能与人体运动关系研究

柔性可穿戴传感器可适应人体皮肤的形变,有着良好的环境匹配性,在人体健康与运动监测等相关领域有着不小的市场需求。近年来,纸张材料以其柔性、绿色环保、低成本等优势,在柔性传感器领域展现出较大的应用潜力。基于此,简述了纸基柔性传感器的分类与工作机理,以动态聚合物与MXene纸基传感材料相结合,制备复合纸基柔性传感器,并对复合纸基柔性传感器的力学性能进行测试与分析。结果表明,该传感器的拉伸强度和抗弯曲能力较好,力学性能得到显著增强。该传感器可应用到人体手指关节、颈椎等部位的运动监测,也可用于运动状态下人体心电信号的监测。今后纸基柔性传感器的功能性会更加完善,满足更多应用场景需求。