In a general continuous-time market model with proportional transaction costs, we derive the range of arbitrage-free prices of American contingent claims. Using a martingale approach, we obtain the upper and the lower...In a general continuous-time market model with proportional transaction costs, we derive the range of arbitrage-free prices of American contingent claims. Using a martingale approach, we obtain the upper and the lower hedging price of American contingent claims.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the pattern of palliative surgeries and associated costs in patients with metastatic melanoma in the USA. Methods: This was a retrospective claims-based study of patients identified using adm...Objective: To investigate the pattern of palliative surgeries and associated costs in patients with metastatic melanoma in the USA. Methods: This was a retrospective claims-based study of patients identified using administrative claims from MarketScan®?databases among patients with metastatic melanoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2011. Patient characteristics, patterns and cost of surgery, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Results: Of the 2399 patients identified, 888 (37.0%) underwent at least one surgical procedure either in the outpatient or inpatient setting. The subgroup of patients who underwent surgery included significantly more patients with distant skin metastases compared to the subgroup who did not receive surgery;whereas significantly more patients in the non-surgery group had brain or bone metastases. Surgery performed in the outpatient setting was predominantly on the skin, whereas surgery on the brain was generally performed in the inpatient setting. The mean cost of the surgical procedures performed in the outpatient setting was $3393 (median: $1419) per procedure, which varied according to the location of the metastasis. For surgical procedures that were performed in the inpatient setting, the mean length of stay in hospital due to surgery was 4.4 (± 5.1) days, at a mean cost of $37,649 (median: $28,067) per hospitalization. Conclusions: Surgery is prevalent and costly in patients with metastatic melanoma.展开更多
Claims over contracts in the building,engineering and construction industry are become common issues in business today.The text aims at presenting the key concepts of construction claim,and construction claim manageme...Claims over contracts in the building,engineering and construction industry are become common issues in business today.The text aims at presenting the key concepts of construction claim,and construction claim management,focusing on the common classifica tion.In addition,it introduces some measures trying to prevent the event of claim.The result from the text can help the contractors im prove their weaknesses and maintain their strengths of their claim management process.Meanwhile,it also gives some measures for owner to prevent the contractor's claim.展开更多
基金This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(No.101310310) the National Distinguished Youth Science Foundation of China(No.10325101) the Chinese Education Ministry Science Foundation(No.20030246004) the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.Y605478).
文摘In a general continuous-time market model with proportional transaction costs, we derive the range of arbitrage-free prices of American contingent claims. Using a martingale approach, we obtain the upper and the lower hedging price of American contingent claims.
文摘Objective: To investigate the pattern of palliative surgeries and associated costs in patients with metastatic melanoma in the USA. Methods: This was a retrospective claims-based study of patients identified using administrative claims from MarketScan®?databases among patients with metastatic melanoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2011. Patient characteristics, patterns and cost of surgery, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Results: Of the 2399 patients identified, 888 (37.0%) underwent at least one surgical procedure either in the outpatient or inpatient setting. The subgroup of patients who underwent surgery included significantly more patients with distant skin metastases compared to the subgroup who did not receive surgery;whereas significantly more patients in the non-surgery group had brain or bone metastases. Surgery performed in the outpatient setting was predominantly on the skin, whereas surgery on the brain was generally performed in the inpatient setting. The mean cost of the surgical procedures performed in the outpatient setting was $3393 (median: $1419) per procedure, which varied according to the location of the metastasis. For surgical procedures that were performed in the inpatient setting, the mean length of stay in hospital due to surgery was 4.4 (± 5.1) days, at a mean cost of $37,649 (median: $28,067) per hospitalization. Conclusions: Surgery is prevalent and costly in patients with metastatic melanoma.
文摘Claims over contracts in the building,engineering and construction industry are become common issues in business today.The text aims at presenting the key concepts of construction claim,and construction claim management,focusing on the common classifica tion.In addition,it introduces some measures trying to prevent the event of claim.The result from the text can help the contractors im prove their weaknesses and maintain their strengths of their claim management process.Meanwhile,it also gives some measures for owner to prevent the contractor's claim.
