Exploring ERP Adoption Cost Factors

Due to their limited resources, budgets and their high sensitivity to costs, when Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） take the first step into implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning （ERP） system, they need to think about many things, foremost the cost of adoption. Literature suggests that most ERP implementations fail due to inaccurate and optimistic budget and schedule estimations, as well as, anticipating indirect costs beforehand is problematic. With the deficiency of a clear model of cost factors for ERP adoptions, ERP adoptions face high risks of failure. Failures could be caused by several factors, but the scope of this research is focused on identifying, exploring, and validating a comprehensive list of ERP adoption cost factors. This could aid SMEs in visualizing the different expected costs, and would consequently assist in better future cost management and estimations. There has been plenty of research in ERP; however, a clear gap in ERP cost identification, management, and estimation exists. This paper focuses on identifying direct and indirect cost factors that influence total costs in the ERP adoption process. The paper presents a cost list that has been developed through literature and an ERP expert panel. Furthermore, this study validates the costs list through interviews with different stakeholders within ERP adoption projects in Egypt.

An Analysis of the Medical Costs of and Factors Affecting Diabetes Using the Medical Checkup and Payment Dataset in Japan: Can We Reduce the Prevalence of Diabetes?

Background: The cost and economic burden of diabetes are a serious worldwide issue. In this study, we evaluated medical payments for persons diagnosed with diabetes and the factors that led to a person having diabetes to reduce its prevalence. Methods: A dataset containing 113,979 medical checkups and 3,671,783 monthly medical, dental, care-giving and pharmacy payment records of one health insurance society was used. The dataset contains information of normal and healthy persons. The sample period ran from April, 2013 to March, 2016. The medical payments for persons diagnosed with diabetes were calculated. The regression analysis was used to remove the effects of age and gender. The probit analysis was used to analyze the factors that led to a person having diabetes. Results: In 2.9% of cases, the person undergoing the checkup was diagnosed with diabetes, and the medical payments for these patients were 2.7 times as much as the average medical payment per person. This result did not change significantly even if age and gender were considered. The results of the probit analysis suggested that body mass index, high systolic blood pressure, low diastolic blood pressure, eating habits, physical activities, smoking, drinking alcohol and sleeping were important factors for diabetes. Conclusion: The diabetes might be a costlier disease than previously thought in Japan. By the estimation, 8% of all medical payments were made for these persons with diabetes, which is much higher than the result shown by national survey data. However, overall prevalence could be recused by efforts such as prevention of overweight and obesity.

Evaluation of Medical Costs of Kidney Diseases and Risk Factors in Japan

Background: Kidney (renal) diseases and dialysis are among the most costly disorders and represent a worldwide burden. In this study, we evaluate the medical costs for individuals with kidney diseases and risk factors for the diseases in Japan. Data and Methods: The dataset used contained 113,979 medical checkups and 3,172,066 medical cost records obtained from 48,022 individuals in one health insurance society. The sample period was April 2013 to March 2016. We evaluated the distribution of all medical costs, and those of kidney diseases specifically. Then the power transformation Tobit model was used to remove the effects of other variables. Finally, a probit analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. Results: In 0.25% of all cases, individuals were diagnosed with kidney diseases. An individual with kidney disease cost 14.5 times more than those without kidney disease. If the diseases progressed into chronic kidney disease (CKD), the medical costs increased substantially. Even disregarding various characteristics of individuals, this conclusion did not vary. We found important risk factors included diabetes and blood pressure problems. In particular, an individual with both factors had a high probability of developing kidney disease. Conclusion: Kidney diseases are much costlier than other diseases. Screening high-risk individuals, educating patients, and ensuring that treatment begins at an early stage are critically important to controlling medical costs. Limitations: The dataset was observatory, and the sample period was only 3 years.

Investigation into the Computational Costs of Using Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing for the Optimization of Explicit Friction Factor Models

Research reports show that the accuracies of many explicit friction factor models, having different levels of accuracies and complexities, have been improved using genetic algorithm (GA), a global optimization approach. However, the computational cost associated with the use of GA has yet to be discussed. In this study, the parameters of sixteen explicit models for the estimation of friction factor in the turbulent flow regime were optimized using two popular global search methods namely genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA). Based on 1000 interval values of Reynolds number (Re) in the range of and 100 interval values of relative roughness () in the range of , corresponding friction factor (f) data were obtained by solving Colebrook-White equation using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. These data were then used to modify the parameters of the selected explicit models. Although both GA and SA led to either moderate or significant improvements in the accuracies of the existing friction factor models, SA outperforms the GA. Moreover, the SA requires far less computational time than the GA to complete the corresponding optimization process. It can therefore be concluded that SA is a better global optimizer than GA in the process of finding an improved explicit friction factor model as an alternative to the implicit Colebrook-White equation in the turbulent flow regime.

Study of Factors Causing Time and Cost Overrun in Pre-Construction Project (A Case Study of Malaysia)

Cost and time overrun are the key troubles of any improvement ventures. These troubles are inflicting the terrible end result in the development of kingdom monetary improvement and thriving. To overcome these problems, the?paper examines predominant impact on elements causing the mission postponement and cost. A poll review was led for the situation study embracing various information-gathering procedures. The discoveries from the contextual investigation uncovered that the most persuasive factors in Malaysia:?1) contractor’s inappropriate arranging, 2) poor site the board, 3) deficient contractual worker experience,?are the most powerful factors. This paper has likewise broken down the normal and least effective of the postpone variables causing task deferral and cost overrun in Malaysia. It likewise infers that there are various measures as per the idea of deferring components to decrease the effect on task postponement and cost overruns in the development industry.?There are significant factors in the control of time overrun that would be actual thought related to know and tackle in great impact to improvement rate which may additionally no capacity that be recovered. Thirty (30) massive development extensions in Malaysia were exceptional coping with time overrun at some stage in development. Out of 30 undertakings, 17 (56.67%) ventures had been introduced by using 1100 days’ time overrun, 5 (16.67%) extensions in the middle of a hundred and one to 200 days, 5 (16.67%) ventures?201 to 300 days while three (10%) ventures have been deferred for timeframe over 300 days.

临床科室运用成本因素分析法开展医用低值易耗品节流管理实践

目的探讨临床科室运用成本因素分析法开展医用低值易耗品节流管理的效果。方法2022年8月—12月,科室运用成本因素分析法开展低值易耗品节流管理,2023年1月—6月持续观察和评估应用效果。统计一次性注射器(2mL、5mL、20mL)、PVC手套、一次性静脉输液针、一次性止血带及输液胶贴等低值易耗品管理数据,计算人员成本分摊、成本消耗量,统计合理成本结余量。结果运用成本因素分析法实施低值易耗品管理后,价格相同医用低值易耗品合理结余成本共677.22元人民币,价格不同医用低值易耗品合理结余成本共2015元人民币。结论临床科室运用成本因素分析法开展医用低值易耗品节流管理,可减少消耗量,增加合理成本结余,减少科室成本消耗,合理节约医疗资源,强化医务人员节流管理意识,推动科室精细化管理。

广州市某医院脑梗死患者疾病经济负担研究

目的分析脑梗死患者次均住院费用,特别是次均住院自负费用的结构以及影响因素,为缓解患者疾病经济负担提供参考依据。方法运用描述性统计分析对广州市某三甲医院2015—2022年脑梗死出院患者的次均费用及费用结构进行比较分析,并采用多重线性分析法研究影响患者次均住院自负费用的因素。结果脑梗死患者次均住院费用增长放缓,年均增长率为2.86%;费用结构逐步优化,2022年次均技术劳务费占比47.41%;脑梗死患者次均住院自负费用呈增长趋势,年均增长率5.96%,且受住院时间、病例分型、付费方式以及患者来源等因素共同影响。结论脑梗死患者的疾病经济负担仍然较重,医疗机构应不断规范诊疗行为,加强临床路径管理,政府应该不断完善社会保障体系,降低患者的疾病经济负担。

企业税负结构、税收成本粘性与全要素生产率

从税源的纳税人结构来看,我国税收收入主要源于企业,宏观层面的税制结构在微观领域主要投射为企业税负结构,税制结构对经济效率的宏观影响会通过企业税负结构对微观全要素生产率的促进或抑制来实现。因此,基于上市公司微观主体实证检验企业税负结构变化对微观全要素生产率的影响,可以验证税制结构对经济效率的宏观治理效应。研究结果表明:现行以间接税为主的企业税负结构对全要素生产率具有显著的抑制作用,具体表现为企业增值税负与企业所得税负比值越大,对全要素生产率抑制作用越强。进一步研究结果表明:企业税负结构是通过增加税收成本粘性对全要素生产率产生抑制作用;在当前税收立法水平与税制安排下,税收征管在企业税负结构抑制全要素生产率中发挥了正向调节作用。

基于AHP的装配式建筑工程造价影响因素研究

装配式建筑造价普遍高于传统现浇建筑,严重制约了装配式建筑的推广应用。以装配式建筑工程造价为研究对象,结合已有文献研究成果,进行装配式建筑工程造价影响因素分析与研究。通过层次分析法,对各影响因素的综合权重比进行计算,确定影响因素的重要性,据此提出装配式建筑工程造价改进措施,可为装配式建筑项目增值提供参考。

基于网络分析的水网可达性评估

【目的】为探究水资源可达性的空间格局,促进优化水资源配置,科学规划水系布局,【方法】提出一种基于网络特性和取水成本的水网可达性计算方法。运用网络分析工具sDNA计算网络可达性指标,以CRITIC法计算网络分析指标权重,加权求和得到水网网络可达性,然后通过核密度估计进行空间拓展;综合考虑地形、土地利用、道路因素,制作研究区的成本阻力栅格数据,水网网络可达性减去累计成本阻力,以此评估水网的可达性。【结果】研究区的平均可达性为0.31,标准差为0.04,变异系数为0.13。当河网是偏自然状态水系时,可达性呈现出树枝状分布,从主河道到支流逐渐减弱,且随着远离河道而减弱。在地形较为平坦、人类活动频繁、人工渠道发达的区域,一些江河交汇处将出现水网可达性较高的密集区域,例如汉江中游、长江中游、太湖流域、里下河流域、黄淮海平原、渭河平原。【结论】结果表明,从网络分析的角度出发,将水网视为一个拓扑网络来计算水网的可达性,实现了在大尺度区域的应用。同时考虑了取水成本和阻力对局部可达性的影响,从而增加了可达性结果的准确性,为实现精细化的水资源管理提供了重要的依据。

技术融合与企业出口产品质量--来自中国工业企业的经验证据

技术融合是提高科技成果转化和产业化水平、实现经济高质量发展取得新突破的关键。推动中国迈向贸易强国的背景下,研究技术融合究竟如何影响中国企业出口产品质量的问题尤为重要。使用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据作为研究样本,构建固定效应模型,系统考察技术融合对企业出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。研究发现,技术融合的深化显著提升了企业出口产品质量。异质性分析表明,技术融合对企业出口产品质量的提升作用在非国有企业、非外资企业以及沿海企业中表现更为突出。机制检验发现,技术融合深化能够提升企业全要素生产率以及固定成本投入效率,最终实现企业出口产品质量升级;市场化程度以及政府支持力度会在技术融合提升企业出口产品质量过程中发挥正向调节作用。因此,应进一步深化技术融合,搭建高效的交流合作平台,加速优质要素资源流动,重点培育本土企业自主创新能力,实现出口产品质量升级。

中国社会物流成本占GDP比重下降成因实证研究——基于因素分析法

为探究2004—2022年中国社会物流成本占GDP比重趋于下降的成因,在物流成本分类基础上对社会物流成本占GDP比重作了指标分解,并采用差额分析法测算物流需求系数、货物单位价值、平均运输距离、物流费率的变动对社会物流成本占GDP比重变化的影响。研究发现,2022年中国社会物流成本占GDP比重相比2004年有所降低,主要源于运输成本占GDP比重的下降和货物单位价值的提高,而物流需求系数、平均运输距离、物流费率的变动均使社会物流成本占GDP比重上升;在运输费率、保管费率、管理费率中,只有运输费率的变动起到了降低社会物流成本占GDP比重的作用;物流需求系数以2013年为拐点先升后降,其影响社会物流成本占GDP比重变化的方向发生了阶段性转折。降低社会物流成本占GDP比重绝不能通过去工业化或过度追求经济服务化的方式实现,而必须在保持制造业比重基本稳定的前提下稳步推进。同时,还须妥善处理好物流服务质量与成本的关系,从两者最佳组合上谋求物流效益的提高,防止物流降成本以牺牲服务质量为代价。展望未来,中国社会物流成本占GDP比重仍有继续下降的空间与潜力,可从结构优化、制度改革、科技赋能、资源整合、供应链协同等方面入手,采取合理有效措施进一步降低社会物流成本占GDP比重。

技术进步、反鲍莫尔成本病与制造业占比

根据鲍莫尔的非均衡增长理论,技术进步会导致服务业占比上升,制造业占比下降,这就使得我国既要坚持创新驱动,又要保持制造业占比基本稳定面临理论上的悖论。本文立足我国服务业全要素生产率增速已经高于制造业全要素生产率增速的新变化,指出我国存在着反鲍莫尔成本病现象,即制造业领域而不是服务业领域存在鲍莫尔成本病,这修正了鲍莫尔理论模型,从技术进步角度找到了我国制造业占比下降的根本原因,为创新驱动和保持制造业占比基本稳定同步实现提出了逻辑一致的理论解释。此外,论文借助WIOD数据库2000—2014年17个制造业细分行业数据进行实证研究,结果显示,2011年起制造业TFP增速每提高1%,制造业占比将提高2.3%,TFP水平提升会增强制造业国际竞争力。

数字化转型能够提升产业链韧性吗?

数字经济时代,通过数字化转型提升产业链韧性,是推动制造业高质量发展、增强制造业国际竞争力的重要举措,也是保障国家产业安全的重要路径。本文分析数字化转型不同阶段对产业链韧性的差异化作用机制,从要素市场化和降低交易成本两大视角探讨如何提升产业链韧性。在理论分析的基础上,基于驱动力、压力、状态、响应(DPSR)模型构建产业链韧性测度指标体系,并采用2002—2020年中国制造业行业面板数据和企业微观数据测度产业链韧性,实证检验数字化转型对提升产业链韧性的影响机制和路径。研究发现,数字化转型整体上能够提升产业链韧性,二者之间呈现非线性的马鞍型关系;要素市场化程度在数字化转型与产业链韧性提升中起到正向调节作用;数字化转型可以通过影响市场渠道性交易成本和融资性交易成本对产业链韧性发挥作用,而监督性交易成本暂无作用。数字化转型与产业链韧性之间的马鞍型关系在不同要素密集度的产业链和产业链韧性不同维度均表现出异质性。加快数字基础设施建设、推动制造业数字化转型,能够提高要素市场化程度、降低交易成本,进而提升产业链韧性和现代化水平。

建筑工程造价影响因素及标准化管理

文章探讨了影响建筑工程造价的多个关键因素,包括政策、设计、市场和施工管理等。在此基础上,提出了一系列建筑工程造价标准化管理措施,通过这些管理措施的实施,可以更好地控制和管理建筑工程造价。

三种干预方法在急性淋巴细胞白血病大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗性口腔黏膜炎中的应用及临床经济学评价

目的 探讨蜂蜜、低温氧气雾化及常规漱口水对急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者化疗性口腔黏膜炎(CIOM)的临床效果和成本效益。方法 选取2023年2—5月宁夏银川市某三甲医院血液内科住院治疗且符合纳入排除标准的129例ALL患者,随机分为蜂蜜组、低温氧气雾化组和常规漱口水组,每组43例。化学治疗期间,蜂蜜组用蜂蜜涂抹于口腔黏膜表面;低温氧气雾化组以粒细胞刺激因子为雾化液,经低温氧气雾化吸入;常规漱口水组用医嘱漱口水漱口。结果 蜂蜜组、低温氧气雾化组和常规漱口水组分别有7例(16.28%)、9例(20.93%)和20例(46.51%)患者发生CIOM,三组患者CIOM发生率及严重程度比较,差异具有统计学意义(H=11.598,P=0.003)。蜂蜜与低温氧气雾化对ALL患者CIOM的预防与治疗效果均优于常规漱口水(均P<0.05),但蜂蜜与低温氧气的预防与治疗效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。蜂蜜组的成本低于低温氧气雾化组及常规漱口水组(均P<0.05),低温氧气雾化组虽有一定治疗效果,但成本远高于蜂蜜组与常规漱口水组(均P<0.05)。结论 蜂蜜对ALL患者CIOM具有较好的防治效果,同时可以降低患者的医疗费用。

企业数字化转型对产业链韧性的影响——基于产业链网络视角的分析

在数字经济浪潮下,企业数字化转型作为数字经济的优良助推器,为增强产业链韧性提供了新路径。本文基于产业链网络的一般特性视角对产业链韧性的内涵进行了分析,认为产业链韧性可分解为产业链网络节点韧性与产业链网络结构韧性两个维度,并利用2010~2022年A股上市公司数据,验证了企业数字化转型对产业链韧性的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,企业数字化转型显著增强了产业链韧性;该强化作用主要通过降低企业内部代理与生产成本以强健产业链网络节点以及降低企业外部交易成本以优化产业链网络结构来实现。进一步研究发现,国有企业和技术密集型企业的存在会放大企业数字化转型对于产业链韧性的强化作用,劳动密集型企业的存在则会抑制其强化作用。本文揭示了企业数字化转型强化产业链韧性的内在微观机制,为推动产业链数字化提升产业链韧性和安全水平提供了理论基础和政策启示。

数字经济和实体经济融合对企业全要素生产率的影响

文章以中国A股2011—2021年上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了数字经济和实体经济融合对企业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明,数字经济和实体经济融合显著正向影响企业全要素生产率,数字化转型和交易成本发挥着中介效应。进一步分析表明,数字经济和实体经济融合对企业全要素生产率的积极影响在东部地区、制造业、高人力资本以及大企业中更为明显。地方政府可通过实施差异化的发展战略加深数实融合;同时应重视企业数字化转型升级,为中小企业发展提供政策倾斜和资金支持。

数字化与对外直接投资新优势——基于我国A股上市工业企业的分析

随着数字技术与实体经济深度融合,数字化已成为企业发展的新优势。本文基于2009—2021年我国A股上市工业企业样本,并匹配具有代表性的对外直接投资(OFDI)数据,研究数字化优势对我国企业OFDI的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,数字化能够显著且稳健地提高我国企业OFDI的可能性、投资广度和投资深度,进而提升我国OFDI的活力和韧性,并且解释力度高达企业OFDI传统优势研发密度的48.3%~53.8%。全要素生产率提升和海外经营成本降低是数字化优势促进企业OFDI的两条潜在机制。异质性分析表明,数字化优势的OFDI促进效应在绿地投资、传统行业和高竞争性行业中表现更加突出。此外,我国OFDI“走进东道国”过程中,跨国公司数字化优势与东道国数字化优势间的竞争效应大于互补效应,因而数字化优势对我国企业OFDI的正向作用在高数字化水平东道国的样本中受到抑制。本文研究结论对新形势下我国如何利用数字化优势推动高水平对外开放,构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局具有启示意义。

数字基础设施是否提升了中国企业出口产品质量?

作为数字经济高质量发展的硬件支持,数字基础设施对经济发展的促进作用已得到了日益广泛的论证。日趋严峻的国际形势对出口产品质量提出了前所未有的高要求,那么,数字基础设施发展能否有效促进中国企业出口产品质量提升?本文首先从信息基础设施与融合基础设施两个维度对城市数字基础设施发展水平进行综合测度,全面准确刻画了数字基础设施中“新一代信息技术”发展与融合应用情况,然后基于中国海关数据库与中国工业企业数据库的匹配数据,从微观企业层面系统考察了数字基础设施发展对企业出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。实证结果显示,数字基础设施发展显著促进了企业出口产品质量的提升,且该结论在独立样本(2016—2020年)、一系列稳健性检验和处理内生性问题后始终成立;机制探究结果显示,数字基础设施建设便利了要素流通和降低了交易成本,是企业出口产品质量促进效应的两个作用机制;异质性分析发现,这种促进效应在非国有、融资约束水平较低及位于外围城市的企业中更为显著。在数字经济迅猛发展背景下,本文为促进数字经济发展,政府更好地规划数字基础设施建设,助推外贸高质量发展等提供了证据支持。