Fixed Point of a Countable Family of Uniformly Totally Quasi- <i>&Oslash</i>-Asymptotically Nonexpansive Multi-Valued Mappings in Reflexive Banach Spaces with Applications

The purpose of this article is to discuss a modified Halpern-type iteration algorithm for a countable family of uniformly totally quasi- ? -asymptotically nonexpansive multi-valued mappings and establish some strong convergence theorems under certain conditions. We utilize the theorems to study a modified Halpern-type iterative algorithm for a system of equilibrium problems. The results improve and extend the corresponding results of Chang et al. (Applied Mathematics and Computation, 218, 6489-6497).

VECTORIAL EKELAND VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND CYCLICALLY ANTIMONOTONE EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS

In this article, we extend the cyclic antimonotonicity from scalar bifunctions to vector bifunctions. We find out a cyclically antimonotone vector bifunction can be regarded as a family of cyclically antimonotone scalar bifunctions. Using a pre-order principle(see Qiu, 2014), we prove a new version of Ekeland variational principle(briefly, denoted by EVP), which is quite different from the previous ones, for the objective function consists of a family of scalar functions. From the new version, we deduce several vectorial EVPs for cyclically antimonotone equilibrium problems, which extend and improve the previous results. By developing the original method proposed by Castellani and Giuli, we deduce a number of existence results(no matter scalar-valued case,or vector-valued case), when the feasible set is a sequentially compact topological space or a countably compact topological space. Finally, we propose a general coercivity condition. Combining the general coercivity condition and the obtained existence results with compactness conditions, we obtain several existence results for equilibrium problems in noncompact settings.

Reflected BSDEs Driven by L&eacute;vy Processes and Countable Brownian Motions

A new class of reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs) driven by Teugels martingales associated with Lévy process and Countable Brownian Motions are investigated. Via approximation, the existence and uniqueness of solution to this kind of RBSDEs are obtained.

Poincaré Inequalities on a Countable Set E and Ω={x:0≤x_i≤a, i=1,2,…,n}

In the study of Poincaré inequalities, most of the traditional methods were based on the bounded domain in n dimensional Euclidean space Rn, while the method in this paper is based on a countable set E and accordingly the accurate expressions of Poincaré inequalities JB(=(f-μ(f))nJB)=_B≤cD(f, f) is presented to expand the research and application scope. As to inequalities for Ω={DK(x:0DK)≤x_i≤a, i=1,2,…,n}, the existing studies was usually made for n=2, but such an inequality was not the best. Therefore, the different values of n is discussed in this paper, and accordingly the accurate expressions of Poincaré inequalities is presented.

The Ontological Analysis of Count/Mass Distinction of French Nouns and ItsApplication in French Teaching

The countability and uncountability of French nouns are closely related to the discontinuity and homogeneity of the object that the nouns refer to.Discontinuity gives an object a bounded extension in space and time,and separates it from other things,so the object can be counted;while homogeneity makes an object remain his nature and have the same designation even after being cut apart,so it cannot be simply calculated.The discontinuity and homogeneity explain why nouns are countable or not from the perspective of ontology,applied in French teaching,they can help learners to distinguish these two kinds of nouns.

The Infinity Tree: Representing Infinities of Real Numbers with Countably Infinite Tree Structures

This paper discusses how the infinite set of real numbers between 0 and 1 could be represented by a countably infinite tree structure which would avoid Cantor’s diagonalization argument that the set of real numbers is not countably infinite. Likewise, countably infinite tree structures could represent all real numbers, and all points in any number of dimensions in multi-dimensional spaces. The objective of this paper is not to overturn previous research based on Cantor’s argument, but to suggest that this situation may be treated as a definitional or axiomatic choice. This paper proposes a “non-Cantorian” branch of cardinality theory, representing all these infinities with countably infinite tree structures. This approach would be consistent with the Continuum Hypothesis.

On Reduced Variational Equations of Coupled Systems

Two theorems are proved. They are with principal significance in functional analysis, for they imply some well known theorems, such as the open mapping theorem, the closed graph theorem and the Banach Steinhaus theorem.

New Approach to Differential Equations with Countable Impulses

This paper provides a new approach to study the solutions of a class of generalized Jazobi equations associated with the linearization of certain singular flows on Riemannian manifolds with dimension n ＋ 1. A new class of generalized differential operators is defined. We investigate the kernel of the corresponding maximal operators by applying operator theory. It is shown that all nontrivial solutions to the generalized Jacobi equation are hyperbolic, in which there are n dimension solutions with exponential-decaying amplitude.

Decomposition of Supercritical Linear-Fractional Branching Processes

It is well known that a supercritical single-type Bienayme-Galton-Watson process can be viewed as a decomposable branching process formed by two subtypes of particles: those having infinite line of descent and those who have finite number of descendants. In this paper we analyze such a decomposition for the linear-fractional Bienayme-Galton-Watson processes with countably many types. We find explicit expressions for the main characteristics of the reproduction laws for so-called skeleton and doomed particles.

Learner Challenges

As a Chinese English learner,it is really a hard part to recognize well the usage of he,she,and it in the spoken English.Since in Chinese,the pronunciation between he,she,and it is the same one:"ta".Just the writing is different.However,in English,the meaning of he,she,it is totally different.Sometimes if people choose the wrong one,it is pretty possible to make some misunderstandings since the meaning will be different.

A CLASS OF STRONG LAWS OF LARGE NUMBERS WHICH HOLD FOR ARBITRARY COUNTABLE NONHOMOGENEOUS MARKOV CHAINS

The strong laws of large numbers for countable nonhomogeneous Markov chains have been discussed (cf. [1]—[3] ), where various restrictions were imposed on the Markov chains. The purpose of this report is to give a class of strong laws of large numbers which hold for arbitrary nonhomogeneous Markov chains. As corollaries of the main result, a relation between the relative frequency of occurrence of state couples and the transition probability of arbitrary nonhomogeneous Markov chains is established.

Zero-Sum Stochastic Games with Average Payoffs:New Optimality Conditions

In this paper we study zero-sum stochastic games. The optimality criterion is the long-run expected average criterion, and the payoff function may have neither upper nor lower bounds. We give a new set of conditions for the existence of a value and a pair of optimal stationary strategies. Our conditions are slightly weaker than those in the previous literature, and some new sufficient conditions for the existence of a pair of optimal stationary strategies are imposed on the primitive data of the model. Our results are illustrated with a queueing system, for which our conditions are satisfied but some of the conditions in some previous literatures fail to hold.

On the Countable Tightness of Product Spaces

In this paper, we discuss the countable tightness of products of spaces which are quotient simages of locally separable metric spaces, or k-spaces with a star-countable k-network. The main result is that the following conditions are equivalent： （1） b = ω1; （2） t（Sω×Sω1） 〉 ω; （3） For any pair （X, Y）, which are k-spaces with a point-countable k-network consisting of cosmic subspaces, t（X×Y）≤ω if and only if one of X, Y is first countable or both X, Y are locally cosmic spaces. Many results on the k-space property of products of spaces with certain k-networks could be deduced from the above theorem.

EXISTENCE OF EQUILIBRIUM FOR ECONOMIES WITH INFINITELY MANYCOMMODITIES AND INFINITELY COUNTABLE CONSUMERS

This paper examines the existence of equilibria for double infinite eonomies. S.F. Richardand S. Srivastava[1] have established the existence of equilibria for economies with infinitely countable consumers when commodity space is L∞(M,M,μ). However, most Banach Lattices as commodity spaces haven't interior points in their positive cones, so their result can't be applied to many cases. We here consider a general Banach Lattice as commodity space and introduce a concept of equiproperness on preferences. Under the assumption the existence of equilibrium for economy is established. Finally, we examine the existence of equilibria for production economies.

加强政府责任性 提高市民满意度——香港特区“高官问责制”解读

在现代民主社会,提高政府责任性应当是改善政府作风,提高政府合法性程度的重要思路。责任性,即问责性(ac-countability),是指人们应当对其自己的行为负责。在公共管理中,问责性意味着政府及其工作人员为其政策后果负责。现代行政发展的一个重要方向就是"运用法律和道义的双重手段,增大个人及机构的责任性"。

Strong Minkowski Separation and Co-Drop Property

In the framework of topological vector spaces, we give a characterization of strong Minkowski separation, introduced by Cheng, et al., in terms of convex body separation. From this, several results on strong Minkowski separation are deduced. Using the results, we prove a drop theorem involving weakly countably compact sets in locally convex spaces. Moreover, we introduce the notion of the co-drop property and show that every weakly countably compact set has the co-drop property. If the underlying locally convex space is quasi-complete, then a bounded weakly closed set has the co-drop property if and only if it is weakly countably compact.

ON THE FINITE-SHEETED COVERING MAP

The main result in this letter is the following Theorem. Let X and Y be path connected, Hausdorff spaces satisfying the first countability axiom, and X a normal space. Suppose that f is a local homeomorphism of X onto Y. Then the following results are equivalent:

Mackey First Countability and Docile Locally Convex Spaces

We define a generalization of Mackey first countability and prove that it is equivalent to being docile. A consequence of the main result is to give a partial affirmative answer to an old question of Mackey regarding arbitrary quotients of Mackey first countable spaces. Some applications of the main result to spaces such as inductive limits are also given.

Hereditarily covering properties of inverse sequence limits

Let {Xi,πki,ω} be an inverse sequence and X -- lim{Xi,πki,ω）. If each Xi is hereditarily （resp. metaLindelSf, σ-metaLindelSf, σ-orthocompact, weakly suborthocompact, δθ-refinable, weakly θ-refinable, weakly δθ-refinable）, then so is X.

Weak Convergence Theorems for Strict Pseudo-contractions in Banach Spaces

In this paper, it is shown that there is a gap in the paper [Chidume, C. E., Shahzad, N.： Weak convergence theorems for a finite family of strict pseudo-contractions. Nonlinear Anal., 72, 1257–1265（2010）], consequently, the main results of the paper do not hold in uniformly smooth Banach spaces. Meanwhile, it is also shown that the main results（Lemma 3.4, Theorems 3.5–3.6, 3.8–3.9） in the paper [Cholamjiak, P., Suantai, S.： Weak convergence theorems for a countable family of strict pseudo-contractions in Banach spaces. Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2010, Article ID 632137, 16 pages（2010）] do not hold in Lpfor p 〉 3. Finally, some modified results are presented in the setting of uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach spaces which include Lpfor p ≥ 2 as special cases. Furthermore, our arguments are also different from the ones given by the authors above.