An Economical Method for Preparative Purification of Five Alkaloids from Coptis Chinensis Franch by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Using Singled Prepared Solvent System by GC

Coptis chinensis Franch, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine, shows various kinds of bioactivity. The major active components of the herb are considered to be alkaloids. Thus, preparative separation of these alkaloids is critical important for further pharmacology and mechanism studies. In the paper, five alkaloids from C. chinensis were purified by HSCCC using the solvent system composed of chloro-form-metha- nol-water (2:1:1, v/v/v) single prepared. The content of each solvent in solvent system were determined by gas chromatography (GC), then according the ratios of solvents in each phase to prepare the mobile and stationary phase respectively. And a comparative study was carried out between together preparation and single preparation of the solvent system. The purities and recoveries of all the products were over 98.5% and 92%. However, 134 mL chloroform, 336 mL methanol and 452 mL water were saved when the two phase were singled by GC. Our research showed an economical method for separating alkaloids from C. chinensis by HSCCC using the solvent system single prepared by GC.

Separation and Purification of Acetophenones from Cynanchum bengei Decne Root Bark by Combination of Silica Gel and High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

[Objectives] To develop a method for separation and purification of acetophenones from Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark by combination of silica gel and high-speed counter-current chromatography( HSCCC). [Methods]The crude extract of Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark was separated by silica gel column chromatography,and parts A and B containing acetophenones were obtained. Then,parts A and B were separated by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water( 4∶ 6∶ 4. 5∶ 5. 5 and4∶ 6 ∶ 3 ∶ 7, V/V), respectively. [Results] From 260 mg of part A, four compounds with p-dihydroxybenzene 3. 9 mg(Ⅰ),4-hydroxyacetophenone 17. 1 mg( Ⅱ),2,5-di-hydroxyacetophenone 13. 3 mg(Ⅲ) and 2,4-dihydroxyaceto-phenone 21. 0 mg(Ⅳ) were obtained. And from 300 mg of part B,136 mg of Radix Cynanchi Bungei benzophenone(Ⅴ) was obtained. The purity of compounds determined by HPLC was 97. 0%,96. 6%,99. 2%,99. 7%,99. 5%,respectively. [Conclusions] The established method is simple and efficient. It can be used for separation of acetophenones from Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark and has better practical value,which could provide a reference basis for development and utilization of Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark.

离线全二维逆流色谱-液相色谱分离莪术油成分

中药挥发油成分复杂,一维色谱分离由于有限的峰容量难以完全分离中药挥发油成分,全二维气相色谱为分离挥发油成分提供了有力的方法,然而气相色谱一般无法用于天然活性成分的筛选。为建立挥发油成分全二维色谱分析新方法,研究建立以液相色谱为基础的全二维色谱分离分析方法。本文主要研究全二维逆流色谱-液相色谱分离莪术油成分的方法,并探讨两种色谱技术之间的正交性,为活性成分筛选提供新的技术支持。通过优化离线全二维逆流色谱-液相色谱分离方法,对全二维色谱峰容量、正交性和空间覆盖率进行度量。优化液相色谱分析条件并筛选逆流色谱分离两相溶剂体系,通过比色法筛选了逆流色谱两相溶剂体系并采用下相为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在290~375 min采用推挤洗脱,莪术油在第一维逆流色谱分离中达到了良好的分离。第二维反相高效液相色谱的流动相组成为乙腈(A)和水(B)。梯度洗脱程序为0~10 min,50%A~65%A;10~14 min,65%A;14~21 min,65%A~85%A;21~25 min,85%A~95%A;25~30 min,95%A~55%A;30~40 min,55%A。在上述条件下进行全二维色谱分析,结果表明该全二维分离体系总峰容量达954个,理论峰容量达到一维色谱的10倍以上,同时具有良好的正交性(线性相关性r=0.17)和空间覆盖率(68.1%)。以上结果表明,离线全二维逆流色谱-液相色谱分离莪术油具有良好的正交性,能显著提高复杂样品的分离效果,为挥发油物质基础研究和活性成分筛选以及二维色谱指纹图谱的建立提供了新的方法与思路。

Isolation and Purification of Isoaloeresin D and Aloin from Aloe vera by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

Objective To develop an efficient method to isolate and purify the main components isoaloeresin D and aloin from Aloe vera for its industrial production.Methods High-speed counter-current chromatography was used to isolate isoaloeresin D and aloin in a one-step separation from dried crude extract of A.vera.The biphasic solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-acetone-water(0.2:5:1.5:5) was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,while the lipophilic phase was selected as the mobile phase and the apparatus was rotated at 840 r/min.The effluent was detected at 254 nm.Results Isoaloeresin D(53.1 mg) and aloin(106.9 mg) were separated from the crude extract(384.7 mg) with the purities of 98.6% and 99.5%,respectively.Conclusion HSCCC is a powerful technique for isolation and separation of chemical composition from aloe.

Preparative Separation of Four Alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

Objective To develop an efficient preparative method for the separation of Gelsemium alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans. Methods High-speed counter-current chromatography （HSCCC） with several two-phase solvent systems was investigated for the separation of Gelsemium alkaloids. The purity and structure identification of the purified compounds were performed with HPLC and NMR spectra, respectively. Results In a single operation, 206.6 mg of crude alkaloid sample was separated to yield 28.7 mg of koumine, 24.9 mg of gelsemine, 26.9 mg of humantenine, and 7.2 mg of gelsevirine, with the purities of 97.8%, 95.4%, 97.4%, and 93.5%, respectively. Conclusion A preparative HSCCC method is successfully established for the separation of four Gelsemium alkaloids from G. elegans with a modified two-phase solvent system com posed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-O. 5% triethylamine-H2O （3：5：3：4）.

AN EFFICIENT AND TARGET-ORIENTED SAMPLE ENRICHMENT METHOD FOR PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF MINOR ALKALOIDS BY PH-ZONE-REFINING COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY

A sample enrichment method focusing on the minor targeted components was established to help them to be successfully separated by pH-zone refining CCC.Seven minor indole alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Miq.ex Havil(UR)were chosen to show the advantage of this method.The sample enrichment and separation were

Application of high-speed counter-current chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the separation and purification of Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera

Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside[Quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside]was separated and purified by semi-preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography(HSCCC)with a twophase-solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-nbutanol-water(4∶1∶5,v/v)from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera(Lotus).A total of 5.0 mg of the targeted compound with a purity of 98.6%as determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was obtained from 100 mg of the crude extract cleaned up by AB-8 macroporous resin in a one-step separation.Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside was a novel flavonoid glycoside from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera,and its chemical structure was identified by means of ESI-MS,1D NMR and 2D NMR.

逆流色谱与硅胶柱色谱相结合分离纯化高良姜中高良姜素

目的:建立一种从高良姜粗提物中分离制备高纯度高良姜素的方法。方法:采用逆流色谱(CCC)直接法以及逆流色谱(CCC)与硅胶柱色谱相结合两种方法从高良姜粗提物中分离制备高良姜素。结果:先用硅胶柱色谱对粗提物进行预分离,然后采用逆流色谱,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-乙醇-水(2:0.4:0.8:0.9,V/V)为两相溶剂体系,对目标组分进行纯化,可以从高良姜粗提物中制备得到高纯度高良姜素。通过该方法可以从3.5g高良姜粗提物中分离得到纯度为99.1%的高良姜素15.6mg,纯度为95.2%的未知化合物Ⅱ5.2mg。结论:硅胶柱色谱与逆流色谱相结合为一种分离制备高纯度高良姜素有效方法。该方法可用于相关标准样品的研制及功能因子的开发。

逆流色谱和超滤分级法分离海带多糖的研究

研究了逆流色谱分离海带多糖,超滤法对分离的多糖进行纯化的方法,取得了较好效果。采用中心组合实验设计的方法筛选出了逆流色谱分离海带多糖的溶剂系统为:12%PEG1000,8%KH2PO4和8%K2HPO4,转速为400r/min。利用此参数条件从海带多糖中分离得到两种多糖KPS-1和KPS-2,纯度分别为87.5%和89.6%。对分离后的海带多糖组分KPS-1和KPS-2进行超滤纯化分级,从KPS-1中获得了KPS-1-1和KPS-1-2两种多糖;从KPS-2中获得了KPS-2-1和KPS-2-2两种多糖。HPLC分析结果表明,超滤分级可使海带多糖组分KPS-1和KPS-2达到纯化目的,效果较好。

手性逆流色谱的研究进展

总结了手性逆流色谱的5个特点,系统地介绍了逆流色谱的手性分离以及高速逆流色谱手性分离中氨基酸衍生物、环糊精衍生物、手性有机酸、多糖衍生物、牛血清白蛋白等手性选择剂的应用。

Isolation and Purification of Triptolide from the Leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F

Triptolide is an important active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) and possesses anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, male anti-fertility, and anticancer properties. A new method combining different techniques, including solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid partition, column chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) but avoiding the use of chloroform, was developed for the isolation and purification of triptolide from the leaves of TWHF. 48 mg of triptolide at 96.5% purity was obtained from 1 kg of air-dried leaves of TWHF.

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中矮壮素残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定动物源性食品中矮壮素残留的分析方法。样品经含1%(v/v)乙酸的乙腈溶液提取、正己烷脱脂、阳离子固相萃取柱(PCX)净化,采用Venusil MP C18(2)色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)分离,以乙腈和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离、正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,基质匹配标准曲线内标法定量。结果表明:矮壮素在0.200~500μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r^2)均不低于0.9993,方法的定量限为0.500μg/kg;以猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋、猪肾、牛肝、羊肾、鸡肝、牛奶为基质,矮壮素的平均加标回收率为93.4%~101%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~8.0%。该方法基质干扰小,灵敏度高,准确可靠,适用于动物源性食品中矮壮素残留的定量检测。

QuEChERS-气相色谱–串联质谱法测定粮谷和油料油脂中矮壮素残留

通过前处理及仪器条件优化,建立了QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法(QuEChERS-GCMS/MS)法测定粮食和油料油脂中矮壮素残留的分析方法。选用小麦粉、大米、玉米、大豆、大豆油、油菜籽、菜籽油作为样品,样品经乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁和氯化钠盐析脱水、再经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、十八烷基键合硅胶(C18)吸附剂净化。采用衍生质谱方法考察了不同基质(小麦粉、大米、油菜籽、菜籽油)的基质效应,基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,不同基质中矮壮素在0.05~2μg/mL浓度范围内有较好的线性关系,相关系数R2均大于0.9980。检出限为0.004~0.009 mg/kg,定量限为0.01~0.03mg/kg;在3个添加水平下的平均加标回收率为73.6%~99.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.34%~7.78%(n=6)。该方法高效、灵敏度高,可满足粮谷和油料油脂样品中矮壮素残留量的检测要求。

Extraction and purification of ustiloxin A from rice false smut balls by a combination of macroporous resin and high-speed countercurrent chromatography

Rice false smut is an emerging plant disease worldwide.Ustiloxin A(UstA)is the major mycotoxin found in rice false smut balls,which are fungal colonies in rice florets.In this study,a new method consisting of macroporous resin column chromatography and high-speed countercurrent chromatography(HSCCC)was developed for UstA separation.UstA was extracted by a 3.81%HCOOH solution and adsorbed by XAD-4 resin.UstA was then eluted by a 40%methanol solution supplemented with 0.1%trifluoroacetic acid(TFA).Further purification was achieved by HSCCC using a two-phase solvent system consisting of n-butanol/TFA/H_(2)O(1/0.05/1,v/v/v).Under the optimized conditions,225 mg of UstA was obtained with a purity of 97.39%in a single run,with a final recovery of 65.2%.An inhibitory effect on seed germination of wheat and maize caused by UstA was observed in a preliminary phytotoxicity assay.

Recent Advances on Chiral Mobile Phase Additives: A Critical Review

Chirality is one of the fundamental attributes of nature, which exists in different or even completely opposite metabolic,toxicological and pharmacological properties in organisms. Consequently, obtaining enantiomerically pure drugs or optically active intermediates is highly desired in many fields like medicine, food and biochemistry. Thereby, it also promoted the development of various enantiomer selective separation techniques. Among the many chiral separation methods, chiral mobile phase additives(CMPAs) are widely used in various chromatographic techniques due to their simple operation,good versatility and low price. There have been a number of reviews on the research progress of CMPAs in last 2 decades,but they only reviewed the application of CMPAs in one specific chromatographic technique. Therefore, to provide a more comprehensive illustration of CMPAs in separation technology, their applications in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, countercurrent chromatography, nano-liquid chromatography were summarized and their advantages and disadvantages were briefly introduced in this critical review. The application of molecular simulation in the study of chiral separation mechanism was briefly summarized. We expect that it will provide researchers with the latest developments in this field and potential inspirations.

逆流色谱仪固相保留机理的分析

为了提高高速逆流色谱仪的固相保留率,扩大逆流色谱仪的应用范围,本文通过结合物理、数学知识,分析固-液摩擦力、液-液摩擦力之间的相互影响,并通过数学模型验证了平面螺旋柱的切向离心力作用。此三种力共同决定了流动相的在柱内流速的改变,从而影响到柱内流动相的横截面积,继而影响到固定相的横截面积,最终决定了固相保留率的大小;并通过实验结果加以验证,得出F-H-U与R-H-U两种模式的固相保留效果最好。