Quick determination of gas pressure before uncovering coal in cross-cuts and shafts

The determination of gas pressure before uncovering coal in cross-cuts and in shafts is one of the important steps in pre- dicting coal and gas outbursts. However, the time spent for testing gas pressure is, at present, very long, seriously affecting the ap- plication of outburst prediction techniques in opening coal seams in cross-cuts and shafts. In order to reduce the time needed in gas pressure tests and to improve the accuracy of tests, we analyzed the process of gas pressure tests and examined the effect of the length of boreholes in coal seams in tests. The result shows that 1) the shorter the borehole, the easier the real pressure value of gas can be obtained and 2) the main factors affecting the time spent in gas pressure tests are the length of the borehole in coal seams, the gas emission time after the borehole has been formed and the quality of the borehole-sealing. The longer the length of the bore- hole, the longer the gas emission time and the larger the pressure-relief circle formed around the borehole, the longer the time needed for pressure tests. By controlling the length of the borehole in a test case in the Huainan mining area, and adopting a quick sealing technique using a sticky liquid method, the sealing quality was clearly improved and the gas emission time as well as the amount of gas discharged greatly decreased. Before the method described, the time required for the gas pressure to increase during the pressure test process, was more than 10 days. With our new method the required time is only 5 hours. In addition, the accuracy of the gas pressure test is greatly improved.

Coaxial Twin-shaft Magnetic Fluid Seals Applied in Vacuum Wafer-Handling Robot

Compared with traditional mechanical seals,magnetic fluid seals have unique characters of high airtightness,minimal friction torque requirements,pollution-free and long life-span,widely used in vacuum robots.With the rapid development of Integrate Circuit（IC）,there is a stringent requirement for sealing wafer-handling robots when working in a vacuum environment.The parameters of magnetic fluid seals structure is very important in the vacuum robot design.This paper gives a magnetic fluid seal device for the robot.Firstly,the seal differential pressure formulas of magnetic fluid seal are deduced according to the theory of ferrohydrodynamics,which indicate that the magnetic field gradient in the sealing gap determines the seal capacity of magnetic fluid seal.Secondly,the magnetic analysis model of twin-shaft magnetic fluid seals structure is established.By analyzing the magnetic field distribution of dual magnetic fluid seal,the optimal value ranges of important parameters,including parameters of the permanent magnetic ring,the magnetic pole tooth,the outer shaft,the outer shaft sleeve and the axial relative position of two permanent magnetic rings,which affect the seal differential pressure,are obtained.A wafer-handling robot equipped with coaxial twin-shaft magnetic fluid rotary seals and bellows seal is devised and an optimized twin-shaft magnetic fluid seals experimental platform is built.Test result shows that when the speed of the two rotational shafts ranges from 0-500 r/min,the maximum burst pressure is about 0.24 MPa.Magnetic fluid rotary seals can provide satisfactory performance in the application of wafer-handling robot.The proposed coaxial twin-shaft magnetic fluid rotary seal provides the instruction to design high-speed vacuum robot.

Experimental study on a magnetofluid sealing liquid for propeller shaft

The selecting and preparing method of the basic material of magnetic fluid was introduced. By using a chemical method, the magnetic micropowder Fe 3O 4 was successfully yielded, and an oil-base as a working carrier and dispers ing agent was determined. The preparation process of the magnetic fluid and prescription of the oil-base magnetic fluid were discussed. The simulation experimental rig of magnetic fluid sealing for propeller shaft was designed. The sealing ability experiment was conducted and results were analyzed. The pressure of sealing is up to 2 MPa.

Thermal-Mechanical Coupled FE Analysis for Rotary Shaft Seals

The aim of this paper is to model the steady-state condition of a rotary shaft seal (RSS) system. For this, an iterative thermal-mechanical algorithm was developed based on incremental finite element analyzes. The behavior of the seal’s rubber material was taken into account by a large-strain viscoelastic, so called generalized Maxwell model, based on Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyses (DMTA) and tensile measurements. The pre-loaded garter spring was modelled with a bilinear material model and the shaft was assumed to be linear elastic. The density, coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductance of the materials were taken into consideration during simulation. The friction between the rotary shaft seal and the shaft was simplified and modelled as a constant parameter. The iterative algorithm was evaluated at two different times, right after assembly and 1 h after assembly, so that rubber material’s stress relaxation effects are also incorporated. The results show good correlation with the literature data, which state that the permissible temperature for NBR70 (nitrile butadiene rubber) material contacting with ~80 mm shaft diameter, rotating at 2600/min is 100°C. The results show 107°C and 104°C for the two iterations. The effect of friction induced temperature, changes the width of the contact area between the seal and the shaft, and significantly reduces the contact pressure.

汽轮机组合轴封的设计研究

根据600MW机组低压缸实际工作环境,对某文献提出的新型非接触式螺纹轴封进行分析,在蒸汽密封段内将螺纹齿与传统环形齿相结合,形成新型组合轴封。利用有限元软件对相同工况下的新型组合轴封和传统齿型轴封的密封长度进行仿真对比分析,确定了螺纹齿最佳的改造齿数及改造位置。研究结果表明:相同工况下,将不同数量的环形齿改造成螺纹齿后,新型组合轴封的密封长度均小于传统齿型轴封,将密封段中靠近蒸汽侧的环形齿变成螺纹齿密封效果最佳,且使轴向密封长度比传统轴封缩短9.3%,验证了新型组合轴封设计的可行性,为汽轮机轴端汽封优化设计提供了参考。

基于似然函数筛选法的旋转轴唇形密封可靠性关键设计因素研究

基于油封的有限元和数值计算模型,分析油封的设计参数对其静态和动态密封可靠性的影响规律。将油封的初始安装过盈量、油侧唇角、空气侧唇角、腰厚、腰长、理论接触宽度、卡紧弹簧的弹性模量、油封主体橡胶的硬度8个设计参数的标准化数据作为输入向量,将油封唇口最大接触压力、泵吸率和摩擦扭矩的标准化数据作为输出向量,建立响应面模型,以输出向量方差得到各设计因素的似然函数值作为评判指标,确定各设计参数对油封密封可靠性的影响程度。结果表明:橡胶硬度、理论接触宽度、弹簧弹性模量、过盈量、腰长对油封动态密封可靠性的影响较显著,油封唇口最大接触压力对弹簧弹性模量、理论接触宽度、橡胶硬度、腰厚、油侧唇角较敏感。综合考虑旋转轴唇形油封的静态和动态可靠性,得到影响其可靠性的关键设计因素为理论接触宽度、弹簧弹性模量和橡胶硬度。

汽轮机轴端汽封的设计研究

针对某文献提出的新型非接触式螺纹轴封进行优化设计,确定密封齿的相关参数,将螺纹齿型与传统齿型轴封相结合,形成新型组合轴封。根据600MW机组低压缸实际工作环境,利用有限元软件对相同工况下的新型组合轴封和传统齿型轴封的内部流动状况进行仿真分析。分析结果表明:在相同工况下,新型组合轴封的蒸汽漏出量比传统齿型轴封减少约16.05%,空气漏入量减少约24.11%;与相同长度的环形齿段相比,设计的螺纹段在蒸汽侧和空气侧产生的压降分别比原环形齿段增加约25.42%和41.26%。验证了新型螺纹汽封设计的可行性,为汽轮机轴端轴封的改造提供了参考。

农机轻量化所用铝合金精炼装置关键密封结构研究

阐述了农机轻量化的现状和必要性,对石墨材料的组织、特性和工艺进行了分析研究,并设计了一种铝合金精炼用石墨转子与石墨转轴密封结构。实验结果表明:该结构利用热装技术在石墨转子与石墨转轴的密封接触面形成夹持力,使两者在密封部位充分接触,微填料形貌符合预期,达到从宏观上阻塞气体熔剂目的,从而大大提升了铝液精炼装置的除氢效率,提高了农机轻量化所用铝合金的品质。

150MW等级双超汽轮机高压缸前轴封结构优化

150MW等级双超机组为超高温进汽方式,高压缸前轴封漏汽温度较高,若轴封结构设计不当,会导致轴封蒸汽外漏、轴承油中带水、端部汽缸变形、汽封动静碰磨或转子弯曲等安全事故,而且较大的高品质蒸汽泄漏也会影响机组的经济性。通过优化高压缸前轴封结构,对数十种漏汽组合模型进行了计算分析,推荐合理运行方式,解决了端汽封漏汽温度高带来的影响,达到了预期效果,提高了经济性,在同类机组中具有较高的应用推广价值。

轴用VL形组合密封件装配工艺仿真研究及验证

橡塑组合密封是由橡胶圈和塑料密封环组成,安装过程中塑料环的变形对密封性能有重要影响。以轴用VL形组合密封为例,基于三维有限元仿真模型和可视化密封装配台架针对不同流程的装配工艺开展研究。利用有限元仿真还原密封圈装配过程,搭建可视化密封件装配台架,开展密封件装配试验,验证有限元仿真装配过程的准确性;提取密封界面接触压力、接触宽度等关键参数,评判密封性能;建立密封性能与装配工艺之间的关系,优化密封件安装、矫正工艺流程,解决装配过程随机化、经验化问题。试验结果表明:常温安装时密封面接触宽度要小于加温安装;对于轴用VL形组合密封,在相同介质压力条件下接触宽度越小则密封面接触压力越大,从而密封性能越好。因此可以得出常温装配时密封性能更优。

列车齿轮箱新型轴端密封结构参数优化设计

为进一步提升列车齿轮箱轴承端盖处密封结构的密封效果,有效阻止减速器内外流体交换,在前期设计的密封结构基础上,对两侧叶轮的内径、叶片两侧倾角、叶片底部倾角、叶片侧边倒圆角以及中部叶轮叶片数目等密封结构参数进行优化分析。结合流体动力学分析结果及前期实验数据,探究各参数对密封效果的影响。结果表明:两侧叶轮叶片内径、叶片侧面倾角对密封效果影响较大,其他参数对密封效果影响较小;相较于原密封结构,优化设计后轴端密封结构中部叶轮相对两侧叶轮的关键平面平均压差从22.97 Pa提升至357.94 Pa,且从速度流线图可以看出在密封结构中部会形成明显的隔离区,能有效阻止齿轮箱内外流体沟通,提升轴端密封性能。

犁刀混合机动轴密封失效原因分析与研究

针对犁刀混合机工作介质为粉末物料时动轴密封失效问题,根据动轴密封试验结果及动轴密封原理展开失效原因分析。结果表明,密封气体出口压力大于工作介质压力、密封气体出口压力沿圆周方向均匀性、气密封通道宽度尺寸b沿圆周方向均匀性等3个条件,是保证犁刀混合机动轴密封性能的关键。在此基础上,再采用理论计算及有限元仿真相结合的方法对动轴密封失效原因展开进一步分析,根据分析结果分别从动轴密封设计、制造角度提出了犁刀混合机动轴密封失效的解决方法;最后通过试验验证了解决方法的正确性。试验结果表明,在动轴密封密封气体出口压力、配气环等设计符合要求的情况下,气密封通道宽度尺寸b沿圆周方向的偏心量为0.1 mm时,其连续密封时间分别是偏心量为0.3,0.6 mm时的3倍、13倍,即通过降低气密封通道宽度尺寸b沿圆周方向的偏心量,对提高动轴密封装置的密封性能有显著效果。研究成果对犁刀混合机动轴密封设计及应用具有一定指导意义。

刮板输送机链轮轴组可靠性提升方法研究

刮板输送机是综采工作面的重要机械设备之一,其综合性能影响着煤矿的开采效率,而链轮轴组作为刮板输送机的关键部件,其可靠性直接决定着刮板输送机的正常运转。由于链轮轴组长时间处于恶劣的工作环境,导致其极易发生链轮磨损、拆卸更换困难、密封不严的问题。基于此,提出了一种链轮轴组可靠性提升的方法,设计了一种TiC增强FeCrMoNi链窝熔覆材料来对链轮链窝进行梯度涂层以提高其耐磨性;设计了一种可拆卸式链轮轴组以方便更换维护;采用了双重密封的结构以增强系统密封性。实验结果表明,优化后的链轮轴组表面硬度达到了HRC65,更换拆卸更加方便,密封性能得到了极大的提升。因此,研究成果对于工程机械设备的可靠性提升和稳定运转具有重要的指导意义。

离心泵轴封技术专利布局分析

本文以incoPat全球科技分析运营平台为数据源,检索并统计离心泵轴封专利。从时间、地域、行业等3个维度对离心泵轴封专利在申请趋势、地域分布、行业构成等方面的整体布局和发展状况开展分析。在时间维度上,统计专利申请趋势,分析离心泵轴封技术的萌芽期、发展期和成熟期;在地域维度上,分析离心泵轴封技术在各个国家和地区的专利数量分布情况,了解离心泵轴封技术在不同国家和地区技术创新的活跃情况,从而发现主要的技术创新来源地和重要的目标市场;在行业维度上,分析离心泵轴封技术在各国民经济行业的分布情况。通过国民经济行业构成的分析,对接经济维度,掌握了各产业的创新活跃情况。

高坝洲电厂机组主轴密封设备改造可行性研究

高坝洲电厂3台机组主轴密封结构改造为聚四氟乙烯填料式后,存在漏水量不可控、检修维护工作量大、运行成本高等问题。根据国内径向自调节式主轴密封设备的使用情况分析,将高坝洲电厂机组主轴密封更新为径向自调节式是可行的;在更新的同时对主轴衬套进行更换,对检修密封进行优化,可进一步为密封良好运行创造有利条件。新主轴密封可有效减少漏水量,降低潜水泵启动频率,减少设备维护与检修工作量,节约发电成本,消除设备存在的潜在安全隐患,有效提高了设备运行可靠性。

卧轴式混凝土搅拌机轴端密封装置设计

为避免混凝土搅拌机作业期间搅拌筒内的混凝土泄漏至筒外,并探究混凝土搅拌机轴端密封装置的优化设计方案。应用文献法与案例分析的方式,简单分析卧轴式混凝土搅拌机轴端密封装置的设计需求,并提出一种混凝土搅拌机轴端密封装置的优化设计方案。结果表明,依托材料的更新、补偿机构及密封结构的优化设计,实现对卧轴式混凝土搅拌机轴端密封装置的优化。说明通过设计并使用优化设计后的卧轴式混凝土搅拌机轴端密封装置,提升密封保护效果,实现对轴端密封装置有效使用年限的延长。

汽轮机轴封结焦碰磨故障分析与控制

通过对某石化公司汽轮机振动异常波动进行监测分析,利用振动频谱图、轴心轨迹及轴心位置图,结合机组相关参数趋势变化,进行故障特征识别及故障机理分析。分析认为,汽轮机振动异常波动系轴封处泄漏的润滑油气在高温下结焦并附着在油封位置,结焦层达到一定厚度时突出部位与转子轴外径发生碰磨所致。采取调整氮封压力、提高轴封冷却风量及加设隔板等措施缓解了汽轮机振动波动,提出了汽轮机停机时的预防性维护措施,以避免设备故障的发生。

丙烯压缩机轴密封泄漏原因及整改对策

分析低温甲醇洗装置丙烯压缩机轴密封泄漏原因,认为轴密封泄漏是由于轴密封油温度高造成轴密封磨损、结焦积碳所致。通过增设密封油水冷器、加大密封油储罐容积、增加密封油管线管径、改造密封油回油口等措施,轴密封件的寿命大大改善,增加了丙烯压缩机和装置的运行稳定性,降低了设备的检维修费用。

大型轴件的阻尼油封区表面银钎焊非等强修复

某大型42CrMo4+Ni+V轴件的阻尼油封区因故产生了表面损伤。为恢复受损区油封功能和几何尺寸,采用银钎焊工艺进行表面非等强修复。首先,制作模拟样棒,制定预焊接工艺规程,按照该规程进行了评定试验。对模拟样棒焊前焊后的相同部位进行了拉伸、冲击、硬度试验和金相组织观察。分析得出,热影响区范围约为2 mm,采用银钎焊修复对母材组织和力学性能的影响很小,用于表面损伤的非等强修复是可行的。最后,将该工艺成功用于大型轴件阻尼油封区表面损伤的实际修复。

基于尾轴密封的尾轴传动模型构建及其摸底验证分析

密封组件在防止海水进入轴承腔内方面起着关键作用。由于这些组件常在多变的深海环境中工作,它们需应对不断变化的压力、摩擦及海水的腐蚀性和不良润滑性。基于此,研究提出了基于尾轴密封的尾轴传动模型。该模型设计了两种尾轴动密封装置方案,即减压补偿式密封和经表面优化的机械密封,并通过有限元分析与优化算法进行性能评估。结果显示,减压补偿式密封能有效地降低工作压力约10%,进而延长密封圈使用寿命;经表面优化的机械密封方案中,当面积率为20%和深径比约为0.03时,油膜压力达到最大值。综合考虑,两种密封方案都能显著提升尾轴密封装置在多变环境下的性能和可靠性。该研究为在深海探测等领域中的密封系统设计提供了有益的参考,具有显著的应用前景。