Luminescence regulation of Sb^(3+)in 0D hybrid metal halides by hydrogen bond network for optical anti-counterfeiting

The Sb^(3+) doping strategy has been proven to be an effective way to regulate the band gap and improve the photophysical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides(OIHMHs).However,the emission of Sb^(3+) ions in OIHMHs is primarily confined to the low energy region,resulting in yellow or red emissions.To date,there are few reports about green emission of Sb^(3+)-doped OIHMHs.Here,we present a novel approach for regulating the luminescence of Sb^(3+) ions in 0D C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)InCl_(7)·H_(2)O via hydrogen bond network,in which water molecules act as agents for hydrogen bonding.Sb^(3+)-doped C_(10)H_(2)2N_(6)InCl_(7)·H_(2)O shows a broadband green emission peaking at 540 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 80%.It is found that the intense green emission stems from the radiative recombination of the self-trapped excitons(STEs).Upon removal of water molecules with heat,C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)In_(1-x)Sb_(x)Cl_(7) generates yellow emis-sion,attributed to the breaking of the hydrogen bond network and large structural distortions of excited state.Once water molecules are adsorbed by C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)In_(1-x)Sb_(x)Cl_(7),it can subsequently emit green light.This water-induced reversible emission switching is successfully used for optical security and information encryption.Our findings expand the under-standing of how the local coordination structure influences the photophysical mechanism in Sb^(3+)-doped metal halides and provide a novel method to control the STEs emission.

High-resolution imaging of magnetic fields of banknote anti-counterfeiting strip using fiber diamond probe

Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.

Identification of a Printed Anti-Counterfeiting Code Based on Feature Guidance Double Pool Attention Networks

The authenticity identification of anti-counterfeiting codes based on mobile phone platforms is affected by lighting environment,photographing habits,camera resolution and other factors,resulting in poor collection quality of anti-counterfeiting codes and weak differentiation of anti-counterfeiting codes for high-quality counterfeits.Developing an anticounterfeiting code authentication algorithm based on mobile phones is of great commercial value.Although the existing algorithms developed based on special equipment can effectively identify forged anti-counterfeiting codes,the anti-counterfeiting code identification scheme based on mobile phones is still in its infancy.To address the small differences in texture features,low response speed and excessively large deep learning models used in mobile phone anti-counterfeiting and identification scenarios,we propose a feature-guided double pool attention network(FG-DPANet)to solve the reprinting forgery problem of printing anti-counterfeiting codes.To address the slight differences in texture features in high-quality reprinted anti-counterfeiting codes,we propose a feature guidance algorithm that creatively combines the texture features and the inherent noise feature of the scanner and printer introduced in the reprinting process to identify anti-counterfeiting code authenticity.The introduction of noise features effectively makes up for the small texture difference of high-quality anti-counterfeiting codes.The double pool attention network(DPANet)is a lightweight double pool attention residual network.Under the condition of ensuring detection accuracy,DPANet can simplify the network structure as much as possible,improve the network reasoning speed,and run better on mobile devices with low computing power.We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the FG-DPANet proposed in this paper.Experimental results show that the proposed FG-DPANet can resist highquality and small-size anti-counterfeiting code reprint forgery.By comparing with the existing algorithm based on texture,it is shown that the proposed method has a higher authentication accuracy.Last but not least,the proposed scheme has been evaluated in the anti-counterfeiting code blurring scene,and the results show that our proposed method can well resist slight blurring of anti-counterfeiting images.

RFID Anti-Counterfeiting for Retailing Systems

Counterfeiting is one of the most serious problems in the consumer market. One promising approach for anti-counterfeiting is to attach a low-cost Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) tag to the product authentication. In this paper, we propose an RFID system for detecting counterfeiting products. This RFID system consists of the tag authentication protocol and the database correction protocol. We use the tag authentication protocol for authenticating tags without revealing their sensitive information. This protocol also allows the customer to freely inquire the tag. To prevent the widespread of the counterfeit products, we use the tag status information along with tag identity information. Meanwhile, the database correction protocol guarantees the correctness of the tag status. Our anti-counterfeiting system is the first work considering the seller who plays an important role in the consumer product supply chain. Finally, we show that anti-counterfeiting system is quite secure against counterfeiting and the tag authentication protocol is lightweight enough to be implemented in RFID-based applications.

Water-sensitive multicolor luminescence in lanthanide-organic framework for anti-counterfeiting

The developme nt of high-level an ti-co un terfeiti ng tech niq ues is of great sig nifica nee in econo mics and security issues.However,i ntricate read ing methods are required to obta in multi-level info rmati on stored in differe nt colors,which greatly limits the applicati on of an ti-co un terfeit ing tech no logy on sol ving real world problems.Here in,we realize multicolor information anti-counterfeiting under simply external stimulation by utilizing the functional groups and multiple emission centers of lanthanide metal organic framework(Ln-MOFs)to tune luminescence color.Water responsive multicolor luminescence represented by both the tunable color from red to blue within the visible region and high sensitive responsivity has bee n achieved,owing to the in creased nonr adiative decay pathways and enhan ced Eu3+-to-liga nd en ergy back tra nsfer.Remarkably,i nfo rmatio n hidde n in differe nt colors n eeds to be read with a specific water content,which can be used as an en crypti on key to en sure the security of the info rmati on for high-level an ti-co un terfeiti ng.

Field-Deployable Raman Anti-Counterfeit Screening of Tamiflu Capsules

In an effort to promote the availability of safe and effective drugs, the US Food and Drug Administration is developing spectroscopic methods to assess the quality of drugs in the field. Here we report a rapid screening classification method for Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) capsules using a portable Raman spectrometer to perform screening on three solid oral dosage strengths of Tamiflu, 30 mg, 45 mg and 75 mg. Tamiflu is an antiviral drug that is stockpiled for use in the event of pandemic influenza outbreak. The qualitative classification methods reported were developed using the Raman spectra of intact capsules. The classification algorithms used were able to reliably distinguish the three dosage strengths of Tamiflu. These qualitative models are validated with additional Tamiflu samples from different batches and simulated counterfeits of Tamiflu. The probability that a test sample belongs to each dosage strength class is calculated, and strict class predictions are used to assign each sample to a particular class. The classification methods reported here enable development of user-independent, field-deployable methods for finished drug products and are able to correctly assign 92% of the validation samples using authentic Tamiflu and 100% of the simulated counterfeits.

THE STUDY OF UV-PHOTOCHROMIC ANTI-COUNTERFEIT PAPER

The hydrophilicity, dispersity and minuteness of UV (ultraviolet)-photochromic special function materials and its retention and formation mechanisms in stock were comprehensively studied, and the retention mechanism of UV-photochromic fiber was also studied. In addition, according to the disadvantages of special function materials such as big grain, bad hydrophilicity, expensive price and so on, this paper displays our effects focused on the developing of anti-counterfeit pigments slurry system. Moreover, the properties and anti-counterfeit mechanism of the paper with different special function materials were researched by fluorescent spectrum.

《民法典》第1014条(姓名权、名称权不得非法侵害)评注

《民法典》第1014条规定的姓名权、名称权不得非法侵害,是姓名权、名称权的消极防御权能,其与《民法典》第1012条、第1013条规定的姓名权、名称权的积极权能,共同构成现行法律体系下关于姓名权、名称权权能的一般规定。对于涉及姓名权、名称权消极权能的法律纠纷,在其他法律如《著作权法》《商标法》《反不正当竞争法》等没有具体规定时,应回溯到本条作为规范依据。本条在立法技术上采具体列举+概括规定的方式,既明确了应予禁止的典型侵害行为,也将那些尚不足以预先概括其事实构成的侵害行为纳入现行法调整范围,从而使制定法能够跟得上社会发展而为姓名权、名称权提供充分保护。主张本条规定的典型侵害行为及其他侵害行为的权利人负有证明责任,需要证明行为人实施了干涉、盗用和假冒等行为,若权利人不能证明或提供的证据前后矛盾等,则要承担不利后果。

刺激“泛化”与刺激“甄别”对仿冒品购买行为的影响

文章运用刺激泛化和刺激甄别理论,分析“泛化”和“甄别”情境对消费者仿冒品购买意愿的影响机理,探讨从众和品牌显著度在其中的调节作用。研究发现:“泛化”情境正向影响仿冒品购买意愿,“甄别”情境则起负向影响作用,质量感知在其中起完全中介作用;进一步地,在从众的调节下,仅“泛化”情境对仿冒品购买意愿的正向影响显著增强,并且“泛化”和“甄别”情境对仿冒品购买意愿的影响仅对高品牌显著度产品有效。研究结论为企业设计、推广产品提供了参考思路,并为有效遏制仿冒品的泛滥提供多元视角和启发。

纸张数字化图像处理与信息识别系统设计研究

针对纸张信息识别领域的图像处理技术进行研究,可构建出一种纸张数字化图像处理与信息识别的系统,具体可从软件、硬件两方面对该系统进行分析。将数字化图像处理技术与信息识别两者结合可从纸张中获取有效的防伪信息,并对纸张进行真假辨识,不仅可降低人工误检的现象,还可使检测的工作效率得到提升,而且适合数字化信息管理,同时可降低个人与企业的经济损失,符合现代社会的发展需求,有着重要的现实意义。

酸皮基磷光型碳点的制备及防伪应用

以浸酸山羊皮为碳源、硼酸为硼源,采用热解法制备了磷光型碳点(P-CDs)。探讨了浸酸山羊皮含量、反应pH、反应温度和反应时间对P-CDs余辉时间的影响。采用有机元素分析仪、SEM、EDS、TEM、FTIR、XRD对样品进行了表征,并评价了P-CDs的防伪应用。结果表明,在浸酸山羊皮含量(以3 g硼酸为基准,下同)4.10%、反应pH为7、反应温度为225℃、反应时间为7.5 h的条件下,制备的P-CDs的余辉时间达到12s;该材料的最佳发射波长为520 nm,对应明亮的青绿色余辉。P-CDs平均粒径为4.42 nm,具有典型的石墨结构,硼原子成功地掺入到碳点中,形成了C—B、B—O等共轭链结构,稳定了三重激发态,延长了余辉时间。

论比例原则在医药假冒专利中的适用——以《专利法》六十八条为对象的考察

【目的】论证比例原则的适用既有利于实现医药假冒专利者承担合理的民事责任,又有利于医药假冒专利行政责任的合理适用,同时有利于两者的有效衔接。【方法】运用典型案例分析的方法,阐述发明专利、实用新型专利与外观设计专利的医药假冒专利类型,为比例原则在医药假冒专利适用中提供样本。【结果】有限度地适用比例原则对于医药假冒专利的侵权构成与责任承担具有一定的适用性。【结论】2020年《专利法》第六十八条的修订,加大了行政处罚的力度,并扩充了行政处罚的情形,有利于打击医药假冒专利人。

我国生产、销售假药犯罪特点及侦查对策研究——以2017—2021年裁判文书为分析样本

当前,生产、销售假药犯罪形势日益严峻。应用统计学方法,运用Spss27.0、Excel等软件基于2017—2021年788份涉网药品安全犯罪裁判文书以及1510名被告人样本的实证研究发现,我国生产、销售假药犯罪呈现犯罪地域性特征突出,数量显著减少,犯罪人以青壮年为主,文化水平特征突出,犯罪团伙地缘性、家族式特征突出,药物来源涉及种类复杂多样,危害后果两极化,量刑特征较为突出等特征。分析得出生产、销售假药犯罪侦查存在以下问题:犯罪主体团伙化,亲密性高致使案件突破难;假药成分多样、鉴定复杂,犯罪认定难,取证难度大;量刑轻刑化趋势致使犯罪屡禁不止。对此提出如下几点侦查对策:深挖犯罪线索,以“三维”信息打开假药案件突破口;加强综合侦查研判,以犯罪人社会关系摸排犯罪网络;组建专业侦查人才队伍,科学设置“预检分流”环节,健全药品保管制度;全面收集主客观证据,厘清各犯罪主体责任,提出合理量刑建议;提高资源保障力度,搭建合作交流平台,构建多元共治体系。

论混合型平台知识产权侵权责任的边界——以美国“恶名市场名单”构陷微信为切入点

美国“恶名市场名单”报告以微信被用于售假链条的环节中为由,无端构陷其整体属于电商生态系统并苛责其承担过重的知识产权注意义务,这既给我国相关企业招致过度关注和不当监管,也对我国在知识产权保护方面的国际声誉造成不应有的负面影响。实际上,与传统的单一型平台不同,以微信为代表的混合型平台创造性地将多种类型的功能和服务聚合为一体,在本质上属于混合型平台,其知识产权注意义务和法律责任应当根据具体功能模块的性质和特征予以类型化分析。在框定混合型平台知识产权侵权责任的边界时,必须冲破知识产权侵权行为碎片化以及知识产权注意义务模糊性的困境。一方面,要严格遵循混合型平台知识产权侵权判定的应然逻辑,重点考察混合型平台内各功能服务模块的角色定位;另一方面,要坚持秉承混合型平台知识产权侵权责任认定的理念思路,以分级分类理念、包容审慎理念和利益平衡理念为视角认真审视侵权责任边界之划定是否科学合理。

核电工程防造假管理体系建立与优化

近年来,在国内外核电建设过程中发现了个别造假现象,这些造假现象造成了经济损失,带来了质量隐患,引起了舆情风险。本文阐述了核电工程防造假管理体系建立与优化的总体思路,辨识、分析和评估了核电行业的造假风险,针对造假风险制定了防控措施,并探讨了后续的防造假管理体系优化方向,对于提高核电厂工程项目防造假管理能力具有重要意义。

基于(PEA)_(2)PbBr_(4)单晶的光致发光防伪织物标贴制备与性能

为制备高效轻质的荧光防伪织物标贴,采用反溶剂气相辅助结晶法生长不同尺寸和密度的苯乙胺溴化铅((PEA)_(2)PbBr_(4))单晶,并将其旋涂封装于PVC薄膜内,与织物热轧复合,得到具有光致发光防伪功能的织物标贴;通过XRD、SEM、紫外可见光度计和瞬态荧光光谱仪等测试对单晶的结构、复合膜与织物标贴的发光特性进行分析。结果表明:采用简单温和的工艺即可有效制备晶体并调控其尺寸和密度,制作具有防伪功能的织物标贴。尺寸为5~10μm的二维结构单晶,其厚度约200 nm;通过调节邻二氯苯与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶剂比例能够有效控制(PEA)_(2)PbBr_(4)单晶尺寸。当单晶尺寸约为5μm时,其分布状态、结晶性和发光性能最为优异,其复合膜的吸收峰和发射峰分别位于391 nm和414 nm处。采用超微量的单晶防伪标贴即可在365 nm紫外光的激发下发出强烈均匀的蓝紫色光,并且,用于织物防伪能够达到洗可穿及耐磨标准,实现有效的防伪功能。

基于光充能的多重荧光安全防伪织物的研究

SrS∶Eu,Sm具有红外响应频带宽、效率高等特点,是一种理想的上转换荧光防伪材料。以高温固相法和共沉淀法规模化制备出SrS∶Eu,Sm和NaYF4∶Yb,Er上转换荧光粉(SrS-NaYF4UCPs),通过共混后丝网印刷得到具有多波段、宽频带响应的安全防伪织物,织物经过日光下充能后在980nm激发光下印刷图案会逐渐变色发光,在850nm红外摄像头及智能手机红外镜头下可响应发光。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪等多种表征手法,对所制备荧光粉结构、形貌以及发光性能进行了表征,证明了该织物在防伪、防偷拍领域广阔的应用前景。

溶剂依赖型碳点的制备及水含量检测和防伪应用

以二苯氨基-4-苯甲醛和邻苯二胺为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,采用溶剂热法合成了具有高量子产率(QY=87.76%)的氮掺杂荧光碳点(N-CDs)。通过对有机溶剂和水溶液中N-CDs光学性质的考察,表明N-CDs具有良好的溶剂依赖性和化学稳定性。水的加入在N-CDs中构建氢键网格,从而实现了发射波长的红移,N-CDs溶液由蓝色变为黄色。进一步,基于N-CDs荧光试纸蓝色到黄色的可逆颜色变化,制备便携的空气湿度可视化检测试纸。此外,N-CDs还可用于荧光墨水、书写纸和荧光柔性薄膜,拓展了其在信息传递,高级防伪加密和固态荧光的应用。

杂质Mn^(4+)发光中心相关的Mg_(7)Ga_(2)GeO_(12)∶Tb^(3+)多色荧光粉发光性能

高性能稀土掺杂多色荧光材料的研发是发展先进荧光防伪技术的必要基础。本文通过高温固相法制备了一系列Tb^(3+)掺杂Mg_(7)Ga_(2)GeO_(12)荧光粉,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)对荧光粉的物相、颗粒尺寸与微观形貌、元素分布进行了系统表征,证实制得了结晶度良好的无规则微米级纯相荧光粉。在紫外377 nm激发下,Mg_(7)Ga_(2)GeO_(12)∶Tb^(3+)样品产生高效的Tb^(3+)蓝绿光特征发射,并具有20%Tb^(3+)最佳掺杂浓度,但同时还可发射峰值位于660 nm红光,其并不对应于Tb^(3+)离子的任何辐射跃迁。经电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和稳态/瞬态光谱分析,以及结合文献调研,证实红光~660 nm源于Mn^(4+)^(2)Eg→^(4)A_(2g)电子跃迁发射,Mn杂质元素来自于原材料。综合Tb^(3+)离子和Mn^(4+)杂质离子荧光性能,Mg_(7)Ga_(2)GeO_(12)∶Tb^(3+)样品具有200~420 nm范围内激发波长依赖的发光可调谐特性,可实现青、绿、黄、白、红等可视化多色显示效果,有望应用于多色荧光防伪与调控技术。

基于光学辐照方法调控荧光光强及显色性

随着信息技术的发展,产品防伪和信息保护已成为许多行业密切关注的问题,研发防伪复杂度高的光学防伪材料受到研究人员越来越多的关注。选用Er^(3+)掺杂Ca_(2)SnO_(4)基体,发现Er^(3+)掺杂将占据4h位阳离子位置,在提升材料的光学性能过程中,具有两方面的作用。一方面,Er^(3+)作为发光中心,380 nm激发下,分别产生以550 nm为主峰的绿光发射和以671 nm为主峰的红光发射。另一方面,非等价的取代掺杂在材料中引入缺陷陷阱捕获载流子形成色心,有助于材料具备光致变色能力。在UV光源辐照后,材料的光致发光光强和荧光寿命表现出衰减调制现象。同时,材料的荧光显色参数如CIE色度坐标、色纯度、相关色温也会因UV光源辐照被调控。最后,借助能量传递理论,分析得到由发光中心向色心的能量传递是材料荧光调控现象产生的原因。上述研究表明通过外部光源照射的方式能够对Er^(3+)掺杂Ca_(2)SnO_(4)荧光光强及显色性产生调控,在光学防伪领域具有应用潜力。