Exploration of Priority Strategies for Harmonious Development between Urbanization and the Construction of New Countryside in China Based on the Theory of Unbalanced Growth

Based on the theory of unbalanced growth,we analyze priority strategy of different regions in China.It is prior to enhance the quality of urbanization in the East,make a long-term planning for construction of small towns,focus on harmony between human and nature,so as to realize its development to integrate with international urbanization level.For the middle areas,urbanization and construction of new countryside should be developed simultaneously,take a road of interactive development of urban and rural areas,finally to raise the level of urbanization.As to the western areas,it is required to firstly build new countryside,focus on construction of infrastructural facilities,adjust and optimize structure of agricultural production,and push forward the agricultural industrialization.

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Building a Beautiful Countryside Under the New Urbanization

In order to implement the“Rural Revitalization”policy and speed up the construction of beautiful villages,the development of new urbanization must be carried out to promote the coordinated development of rural agricultural modernization and industrial informatization.In order to explore an effective path for the construction of beautiful villages in the context of new urbanization,this study proposes several strategic ways for the construction by analyzing the overall relationship between new urbanization and the construction of beautiful villages as well as the current situation of the construction of beautiful villages in the context of urbanization,hoping to provide reference and guidance for the exploration of the rural revitalization strategy implementation.

Increasing of Resistance and Resilience of an Urban System against Calamities in the Light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle

The present paper aims at showing how it is possible to requalify the structures of an urban system, in order to increase its resistance and its correlative resilience, against natural calamities (earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.), by adopting as reference criterion the Maximum Ordinality Principle (MOP). In this sense, the paper opens a radically new perspective in this field. In fact, the village assumed as a case study was modelled as a Self-Organizing System. This is because, although the village is usually considered as being solely made of buildings, streets, places and so on, in reality it has been conceived, planned and realized by human beings during several centuries. In addition, the people who actually leave in such an urban center, systematically deal with its maintenance, in order to possibly increase its functionality. This justifies the assumption of the village as being a Self-Organizing System and, consequently, it has been analyzed in the light of the MOP, which represents a valid reference principle for analyzing both “non-living”, “living” and “conscious” self-organizing systems.

Impact of Urban Agriculture on the Species Distribution and Insecticide Resistance Profile of <i>Anopheles gambiae s.s.</i>and <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i>in Accra Metropolis, Ghana

Malaria incidence in urban areas has generally been low compared to rural areas but recent data indicate that urban malaria remains a public health problem. It is therefore important to understand the factors that promote urban malaria to help formulate future vector control strategies. This study compared Anopheles gambiae s.l. (A. gambiae s.l.) species composition, distribution and insecticide resistance mechanisms between vegetable and non-vegetable growing areas in Accra Metropolis. Four sites were selected within the city of Accra which comprised of two vegetable-growing and two non-vegetable growing areas. WHO susceptibility tests were carried out on adults A. gambiae s.l. reared from larvae collected from the sites. Five insecticides were tested and the A. gambiae complex, resistance genotypes and enzyme activities of each population were characterized. All A. gambiae s.l. populations tested were resistant to all the insecticides, but relatively lower mortalities were observed in the vegetable growing areas. The mortality against 0.05% deltamethrin was 2.6% (Opeibea) and 12.5% (Korle-Bu) for the vegetable growing areas and 36.2% (Achimota) and 38.9% (Mataheko) in the non-vegetable growing areas. Anopheles gambiae s.s. (95% of Opeibea population) and Anopheles coluzzii, (98% of Korle-Bu population) were the dominant species in the vegetable growing areas. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc-1014F) frequencies of all the populations were similar but the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) frequencies were significantly lower (p A. gambiae s.l. from Opeibea than from the other areas. The contribution of urban agriculture in the development of insecticide resistance needs to be considered in the formulation of future vector control strategies alongside other domestic usages.

Application of geophysical methods in fine detection of urban concealed karst:A case study of Wuhan City,China

The construction of modern livable cities faces challenges in karst areas,including ground collapse and engineering problems.Wuhan,with a population of 13.74×10^(6) and approximately 1161 km^(2)of soluble rocks in the urban area of 8569.15 km^(2),predominantly consists of concealed karst areas where occasional ground collapse events occur,posing significant threats to underground engineering projects.To address these challenges,a comprehensive geological survey was conducted in Wuhan,focusing on major karstrelated issues.Geophysical methods offer advantages over drilling in detecting concealed karst areas due to their efficiency,non-destructiveness,and flexibility.This paper reviewed the karst geological characteristics in Wuhan and the geophysical exploration methods for karst,selected eight effective geophysical methods for field experimentation,evaluated their suitability,and proposed method combinations for different karst scenarios.The results show that different geophysical methods have varying applicability for karst detection in Wuhan,and combining multiple methods enhances detection effectiveness.The specific recommendations for method combinations provided in this study serve as a valuable reference for karst detection in Wuhan.

Experience of Overseas Countryside Development and Construction of “Beautiful Countryside” in Zhejiang

Countryside development paths and phase characters of typical developed countries and regions were analyzed,such as the East Asian Model(Japan and South Korea),and Western European Model(Germany and the Netherlands).The former is based on the big gap between urban and rural development,and the latter is based on the balanced development of urban and rural areas,both of them achieved the world’s leading level of countryside construction.In Zhejiang Province,"China’s Beautiful Countryside"represented by Anji,and"Zhejiang Green Agricultural Product Base"represented by Xianju emerged in the county level.Motivation mechanisms for countryside development in China and abroad were analyzed,including industrial system,infrastructure,ecological environment,and local culture.

Application of Drought-resistant Varieties in Urban Green Spaces

As the connotations of urban green spaces and urban eco-green spaces have been more realized,drought-resistant green spaces have become a unique development trend,and drought-resistant flowers have been more applied in green spaces.This paper summarized characteristics of drought-resistant flowers,foreign and domestic researches in this field,advantages and disadvantages of their application in urban green spaces,and proposed key directions of the future researches.

3D Resistivity Imaging of Buildings and Foundations in Urban and Protected Areas

The use of Geophysics in Civil Engineering is an established practice.Herein,it will be exploited the use of 3D resistivity imaging to investigate foundations and features under buildings in urban areas where no direct invasive methods are allowed.High-resolution 3D resistivity requires the deployment of a dense grid of electrodes and,in urban areas,these methods face problems such as space limitation and availability owing to buildings,pavements,asphalts,obstacles and infrastructure.Thus,the use of conventional electrode arrays and grids may not be possible and alternatives must be sought.Herein a non-conventional array,pole-pole,is explored to characterize foundations and features under existing constructions in delicate and protected environments.A simple but effective data check is also proposed and allows to estimate the resistivity distribution in the area.Results prove the adequacy and versatility of the pole-pole array to carry out 3D resistivity surveys in urban areas.Data quality checks also proved effective and provided early qualitative images of the resistivity distribution in the areas to be used as an aid in later interpretation and data modelling stages.

基于中国省级面板数据对数字乡村建设促进城乡共同富裕的研究

数字乡村建设是实现城乡共同富裕的重要实践路径。本研究基于2011—2020年我国31个省份的面板数据,构建数字乡村评价指标体系,实证探究了数字乡村建设对城乡共同富裕的影响。研究表明:(1)数字乡村建设有利于收敛城乡收入差距,进而促进共同富裕。(2)异质性结果表明数字乡村建设对东部地区的促进作用更强。(3)机制分析表明非农就业是数字乡村建设促进共同富裕的重要路径。(4)数字乡村建设水平对共同富裕的作用存在空间溢出效应。

城乡融合发展背景下浙江省未来乡村建设及其推进机制

在国家乡村振兴、新型城镇化及城乡融合发展战略下,浙江省率先探索未来乡村建设路径,其本质是新时代乡村建设的重要成果。作为浙江省共同富裕现代化创建单元之一,未来乡村重点围绕人本化、生态化、数字化三大价值理念,对乡村九大场景建设营造提出具体要求,并集成共富乡村、美丽乡村、数字乡村、人文乡村、善治乡村于一体。在未来乡村建设实践层面,浙江省通过“地方探索—试点创建—建成提升—全面推广”的实施路径,省市县三级联动的申报创建评价流程体系以及各个政府部门的职责作用,逐步形成“千村引领、万村振兴、全域共富、城乡和美”的乡村建设格局,以全面推动乡村振兴、宜居宜业和美乡村建设和城乡融合发展。

巢与凤:村落环境与乡村振兴背景下的市民下乡——基于广东行政村抽样调查

如何吸引城市人下乡的难题可以归结为“巢”(村落环境)与“凤”(市民下乡)的关系。对广东省312个行政村的随机抽样调查结果表明,只有不到1/3的行政村有下乡市民,而且下乡市民数量的村落分布差异性很大。二元Logistics回归模型显示,整体上“地理区域”和“村里的网络速度”对市民下乡有显著性影响;村落环境对各动机类型(务农、办厂开店、受雇、养老)市民下乡的影响机制各不相同。主要结论:产业自我集聚循环累积效应推动市民下乡,市民下乡具有明显“郊区化”特征,市民下乡“舒适性迁移”特征明显,信息化水平是影响市民下乡的重要因素,市民下乡创业行为具有明显的价值合理性;另外,宗族结构对逆城市化影响的理路值得进一步研究。

共同富裕视域下乡村治理共同体建设的理论逻辑与实现路径

实现农民农村共同富裕是实现全体人民共同富裕中最艰巨最繁重的任务,这意味着加强和创新乡村治理将承担更多实现共同富裕的目标任务。为此,需在共同富裕视域下建设乡村治理共同体,实现农民农村共同富裕与乡村治理有效的高度统一。就其联系而言,实现共同富裕是乡村治理共同体建设的基本前提与价值导向,乡村治理共同体建设则是共同富裕的实现方式与本质要求,由此表现出二者互为实现途径与目的的内在耦合关系。就其理论逻辑而言,马克思共同体思想和城乡关系理论内在统一的思想奠基是其理论本源,习近平共同富裕观与乡村治理思想内在统一的现实指引是其理论创新,中华优秀传统文化中的“大同”理想与乡村治理思想的当代升华是其理论底蕴。就其实现路径而言,需坚持和加强党建引领,强化统筹乡村治理共同体的“内涵”和“外延”;发展壮大农村集体经济,筑牢乡村治理共同体建设的物质基础;健全“三治融合”乡村治理体系,完善乡村治理共同体的治理机制;积极推动城乡融合,激活乡村治理共同体建设的内生动力。

基于DSM的城市公园对PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的消减特征研究——以南昌市人民公园为例

【目的】PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)等空气颗粒物是城市空气首要污染物,在城市空气污染中占主导地位。了解固定外源下PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)在城市绿地的消减特征,可为城市阻控空气颗粒物、缓解空气污染提供有利依据。然而目前空气颗粒物的研究大多以点测定方式量化空间结构及植被类型对空气颗粒物的影响,对固定外源污染下PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)在城市绿地空间尺度上的影响机制研究较少。【方法】研究结合DSM与地统计学,以南昌市人民公园为例,探索城市公园阻隔外源污染的空间梯度效应及空间结构类型差异。利用克里金插值法对其空间分布特征进行可视化模拟;利用Arcgis和R语言等软件分析不同空间结构PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的浓度差异。【结果】人民公园PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的浓度在空间分布上趋势一致,均表现为以固定外源点为核心,浓度随距离增加呈极显著梯度递减的趋势,且在中部(约距外源点150~220 m处)消减效率最高,约为全园PM_(2.5)平均消减值的7.5倍,PM_(10)平均消减值的3.8倍;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)受多种因子影响:与空气温度、距离(主导因子)显著负相关、与相对湿度显著正相关,且PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)对不同因子响应特征存在差异;城市公园不同绿地空间结构对PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的消减及扩散作用差异显著,受其双重影响,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的浓度表现为水体>广场>树林>草坪,其中PM_(2.5)受影响更显著;此外,受各因子和绿地空间结构耦合影响,部分区域PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)分布异常。【结论】以固定外源点为核心,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度随距离增加呈极显著梯度递减的趋势,且在中部消减效率最高;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度与相对湿度显著正相关,与空气温度与距离显著负相关,其中PM_(10)对距离和相对湿度响应较为明显,而PM_(2.5)受空气温度影响较大;在随距离变化基础上,不同城市绿地空间结构对PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)消减和扩散作用差异导致了局部分布差异。

隋唐·安得广厦千万间--漫步地震五千年(9)

隋唐时期的史载地震主要在关中地区,显现了秦岭南侧存在一条北西向的石泉—房县活动断裂带。地震活动和房屋抗震一直是社会关注的大事,以蓟县独乐寺为典型代表,重点介绍了唐代木结构建筑的抗震技术:地基坚固和均匀、木结构的隔震机制、筒体结构的强抗震性能、斗拱构件的阻尼系统,都对后世的技术发展产生了深刻影响。在现代建筑方面,介绍了地震区划的基本原则,分析了农村藏式民居的弱点和改进措施,讨论了城市建筑的3种抗震结构及今后的发展方向。

宜居宜业和美乡村建设的理论逻辑与实践进路———基于浙江“千万工程”的经验与启示

建设宜居宜业和美乡村,是全面推进乡村振兴、加快农业强国建设的前进方向。宜居宜业和美乡村建设具有独特的内涵特征、理论逻辑和实践逻辑,从“宜居”“宜业”和“和美”三个维度进行系统剖析发现,中国在乡村建设、农村产业发展、乡村治理等方面取得显著成效,但农村公共服务短板仍然突出,人居环境质量不高,三产融合程度较低,城乡精神文明建设存在差距,乡村治理效能有待提升。借鉴“千万工程”正确处理绿色发展与协调发展、整治村庄与经营村庄、整体推进与重点突破三大关系的经验,新阶段新征程上推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设,需要秉持绿色发展理念,持续提升农业农村绿色化水平;坚持协调发展理念,统筹推进城乡融合发展。据此,应激发农民内生动力,增强自我发展意愿;充分发挥市场作用,推动有效市场和有为政府相结合;始终坚持问题导向,循序渐进宜居宜业和美乡村建设。

生产要素下乡的障碍性因素及破解之策——基于S县J农业项目的调查研究

城乡要素的双向有序流动是在我国实施乡村振兴的战略背景之下,实现城乡融合发展的关键支撑,而城乡融合则是建立在生产要素双向自由流动的基础之上的,但是当前我国的城乡要素却只呈现出由乡村向城市的单向流动,从城市向乡村的流动还存在着障碍。为了深入研究生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文采取案例分析法,通过对S县J农业项目落地过程的考察和分析,研究发现阻碍生产要素下乡的主要障碍性因素为:由于在我国现行的农村土地制度、政策、运行机制之中均存在着与现代农业及乡村旅游业发展不相适应的成分,因而由此引发的农用地供地障碍和农村集体经营性建设用地供地障碍。为了破解生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文提出如下建议:1)我国应以土地确权为基础,积极开展对农用地经营权的股份化改革,从而可以将农用地经营权“化零为整”集中管理,最终以达到解决农用地规模化流转困难的目的。2)我国应通过重新研究制定乡镇的行政区划标准,来进行相应的调整改革,从而以打破土地流转的行政壁垒。3)我国应对农村集体经营性建设用地的空间置换机制进行深入改革,并完善相应的土地入市机制,从而可以将农村分散、闲置的集体经营性建设用地整合利用,并可以为生产要素下乡提供足够的空间载体。4)我国应优化农村集体建设用地的空间布局,促使其可以充分发挥出集聚产业要素、保障社会服务、促进文化发展等诸多功能,进而以形成主城区与区域中心镇相结合的空间格局,并可以为生产要素下乡提供畅通的渠道。

基于OpenStreetMap的城市公交专用道设置优化

为合理设置公交专用道,通过OpenStreetMap(OSM)提取可设置公交专用道的路网,采用Stroke道路表示法将OSM路网与百度路网进行融合,结合百度地图实时交通数据实现交通态势可视化,从而准确直观地识别出公交专用道的设置路段。通过构建公交路阻函数模型,计算设置公交专用道前后的时间效益差,确定公交专用道的设置方案。最后以南昌市部分路网为例,通过SUMO软件仿真结果表明:在青山南路设置公交专用道可以使公交车辆延误降低19.6%;社会车辆延误降低10.8%。实例验证所提出的设置优化方法有利于减少交通延误,为合理设置公交专用道提供支持。

带井电法在城市障碍区间探测中的应用研究

城市地下空间探测是当前浅部地球物理勘探的研究热点,城市中复杂的障碍区间给地下空间探测施工带来了极大的困难。针对城市岩土工程勘察中常见的障碍区间探测问题,本文基于带井直流电阻率法,采用数值模拟与应用试验,通过设置不同的观测数据密度,对比分析不同障碍区间宽度条件下的反演效果,开展了方法的可行性研究,分析了方法的适用范围。结果表明:带井电法的探测精度与障碍区间的跨度范围、目标深度及钻井深度等均相关,跨度越大、目标深度越大,提高探测精度所需的钻井深度越大。当障碍区间跨度超过工程钻探相关规范要求的间距时,采用带井电法可为地下空间勘察提供依据。

基于交通态势可视化分析的公交专用道布局

交通拥堵问题是困扰城市的普遍难题,科学地规划公交专用道是在城市道路空间资源有限的情况下提高运输效率的有效手段。探讨如何利用交通态势数据和路网信息来规划和评估公交专用道布局问题。首先选取公交专用道布局的研究范围,借助道路交通信息技术,利用交通路况分析与发布平台的大数据,将区域交通态势可视化,做交通路网态势评价,提出该区域的公交专用道布设方案。再从路网整体效益出发,构建以碳排放量最小和系统总出行时间最少为优化目标的多目标优化模型,分析设置公交专用道的效益。最后以南昌市中心某片区为例,选取交通拥堵严重、暂无公交专用道、且满足公交专用道设置条件的路段提出公交专用道布设方案,结果表明设置公交专用道能减少路网中车辆碳排放、改善路段的整体通行效率,减碳平均优化率为4%,时间效益平均提升5%,可知本文提出的优化方法有利于得到合理有效的公交专用道优化方案,为城市交通管理者提供决策依据。

Landscape of global urban environmental resistome and its association with local socioeconomic and medical status

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)poses a critical threat to global health and development,with environmental factors—particularly in urban areas—contributing significantly to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).However,most research to date has been conducted at a local level,leaving significant gaps in our understanding of the global status of antibiotic resistance in urban environments.To address this issue,we thoroughly analyzed a total of 86,213 ARGs detected within 4,728 metagenome samples,which were collected by the Meta SUB International Consortium involving diverse urban environments in 60 cities of 27 countries,utilizing a deep-learning based methodology.Our findings demonstrated the strong geographical specificity of urban environmental resistome,and their correlation with various local socioeconomic and medical conditions.We also identified distinctive evolutionary patterns of ARG-related biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)across different countries,and discovered that the urban environment represents a rich source of novel antibiotics.Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the global urban environmental resistome,and fills a significant gap in our knowledge of large-scale urban antibiotic resistome analysis.